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关键词： 两岸四地   合同法   示范法   通则   内容  

摘要： 中国大陆、台湾、香港、澳门的民法学者正在起草《两岸四地合同法示范法·通则》,目前已经完成草案第一稿,正在进行第二稿的整理。在两岸四地的交易中,由于各自法域的合同法规则有所差别,因而在交易发生纠纷的法律适用中,自会发生法律适用的冲突。编纂一部体现当代合同法基本规则、被两岸四地共同认可的合同法示范法,不仅可以在两岸四地合同法的立法中起到示范作用,而且在两岸四地的民事主体签订合同约定仲裁管辖和法律适用条款时,可以直接选择示范法作为准据法。这将对给两岸四地的法制建设起到重要的促进作用,给两岸四地人民带来福祉。《两岸四地合同法示范法·通则(草案)》共十七章,规定了具体的合同法规则。

关键词： 危急值   根因分析  

摘要： 目的:分析根因分析法在基层医院检验危急报告管理中的作用。方法:回顾本科室近一年来的检验危急值的报告情况及临床对检验危急值的临床处置状况进行统计,并通过根因分析对检验危急值进行管理流程中的不足之处进行改进,统计分析了改进后的危急值的临床应用情况。结果:回顾历史资料检验危急值的报告率和临床接收率。优化流程前报告率为61.2%,临床接收率为27.75%,优化后分别为98.5%和87.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过根因分析法优化检验危急值的报告水平,加强检验危急值的流程管理,提高了检验危急值辅助临床,警示危急的临床需要。

关键词： 政治关联   公司治理   独立董事制度   审计契约   审计意见   审计费用   审计师选择   审计质量   企业高管  

摘要： 以2007—2011年A股非金融保险业上市公司为样本,从政治关联与审计契约角度揭示独立董事与其他高管在公司治理中的差异。研究发现:在审计师选择方面,独立董事存在政治关联的企业倾向于选择高质量的审计服务,其他高管存在政治关联的企业倾向于选择低质量的审计服务。结合对审计费用考察发现,其他高管存在政治关联的企业选择较低质量审计服务的同时却支付相对较高的审计费用,但又并没有支付显著高于独立董事存在政治关联的企业选择高质量审计服务时支付的审计费用。

关键词： Cu(OH)2   Na2Cu(OH)4   醛基的检验   实验探究  

摘要： 设计了实验探究碱性Cu（OH）2浊液检验-CHO的作用机理。从实验结果及逻辑推理得出：从氧化醛基试剂的配制方法，以及氧化醛基的反应过程和本质来看，都应该是Na2Cu（OH）。氧化醛基而不是Cu（OH）2氧化醛基；并提出了表述该反应的可能机理。

关键词： 团队共享心智   隐性知识学习   作用路径   扎根理论   结构方程模型  

摘要： 团队共享心智是影响隐性知识学习水平的核心因素。利用扎根理论方法对2003—2012年间有关共享心智与隐性知识学习的40篇核心期刊的学术论文进行归纳分析,结论表明:团队共享心智对隐性知识学习的作用路径主要通过知识交互系统、内外社会网络、组织层际系统、团队精神四个层面来实现;知识交互系统、内外社会网络影响隐性知识学习的全过程,团队精神影响个体隐性知识、团队隐性知识的学习;团队共享心智的形成、隐性知识的学习在组织层际系统的框架内进行,受到组织层级系统的影响。以此可以构建团队共享心智与隐性知识学习的作用路径整合框架。同时,为了检验扎根理论构建的理论模型,可以利用结构方程模型、AMOS7.0软件,并采用问卷调查法具体分析以及验证构建模型中的变量关系,并指出未来修正与完善建构的作用路径整合框架的具体方向。

关键词： Alcohol and marital interaction   Behavioral observation and daily diaries   Multi-method assessment of alcoholic couples  

摘要： Background: This study examined gender differences in alcohol involvement and marital interactions among probands with a past 1-year alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: Adults with alcohol dependence (37 males and 17 females) and their spouses were recruited from a local substance abuse treatment center and from the local community. Couples completed a series of self-report measures and a 15-min videotaped marital interaction task that was coded for negative and positive behaviors and sequential interactions. Couples also separately called in to an interactive voice response (IVR) system every night for 14 consecutive nights and reported on their spouse's negative and positive marital behaviors. Results: Compared to male probands, female probands reported a) more negative marital interactions in the previous month;b) higher levels of negative reciprocity and a lower positive-to-negative ratio in the marital interaction task;and c) more daily and nightly marital conflict over the 14-day diary period. Negative marital behaviors in the evening by female spouses were associated with higher odds of intoxication among male probands on the following day. In contrast, a) negative marital behaviors by male spouses were cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of intoxication among female probands within the same day;and b) positive marital behaviors by male spouses during the day were associated with lower odds of intoxication among female probands that night. Conclusions: Marital conflict, assessed via multiple methods over multiple time scales, appears to be more frequent among female compared to male alcoholics. Marital conflict predicts daily intoxication among male and female probands. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： UV irradiation   Echinaceae purpureae   Antioxidant   Free radicals   EPR spectroscopy  

摘要： The effect of UVA (315-400 nm) irradiation on Echinaceae purpureae interactions with free radicals was examined by the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The changes of antioxidant properties of E. purpureae with time of UV irradiation from 10 to 110 min (10 min steps) were determined. DPPH as the paramagnetic reference was used in this study. Changes of EPR signals of the reference after interactions with nonirradiated and UV-irradiated E. purpureae were detected. Interactions of the tested E. purpureae samples caused decrease of the EPR signal of DPPH as the result of its antioxidant properties. The decrease of the amplitude of EPR line of DPPH was lower for interactions with UV-irradiated E. purpureae. EPR examination confirmed antioxidant properties of E. purpureae. The weaker antioxidant properties of E. purpureae after UV irradiation were pointed out. E. purpureae should be storage in the dark. The tests bring to light usefulness of electron paramagnetic resonance with microwave frequency of 9.3 GHz (an X-band) in examination of storage conditions of pharmacological herbs.

关键词： ION mobility spectroscopy   VOLATILE organic compounds   WAVELET transforms   DISCRIMINANT analysis   AIR sampling  

摘要： Ion mobility spectrometry combined with multicapillary column separation (MCC-IMS) is a well-known technology for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gaseous samples. Due to their large data size, processing of MCC-IMS spectra is still the main bottleneck of data analysis, and there is an increasing need for data analysis strategies in which the size of MCC-IMS data is reduced to enable further analysis. In our study, the first untargeted chemometric strategy is developed and employed in the analysis of MCC-IMS spectra from 264 breath and ambient air samples. This strategy does not comprise identification of compounds as a primary step but includes several preprocessing steps and a discriminant analysis. Data size is significantly reduced in three steps. Wavelet transform, mask construction, and sparse-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (s-PLS-DA) allow data size reduction with down to 50 variables relevant to the goal of analysis. The influence and compatibility of the data reduction tools are studied by applying different settings of the developed strategy. Loss of information after preprocessing is evaluated, e.g., by comparing the performance of classification models for different classes of samples. Finally, the interpretability of the classification models is evaluated, and regions of spectra that are related to the identification of potential analytical biomarkers are successfully determined. This work will greatly enable the standardization of analytical procedures across different instrumentation types promoting the adoption of MCC-IMS technology in a wide range of diverse application fields.