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关键词： disability   Disability and Health   elderly   International Classification of Functioning   measurement   prevalence   rehabilitation   World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II  

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate disability in community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and over using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II) and to compare how these two ICF-based instruments measured disability in an attempt to show the utility of the ICF checklist in a field setting to describe disability. In this population-based, cross-sectional and descriptive study, data on the ICF checklist and the WHODAS-II were collected from 200 selected participants who lived in a small town. Both the ICF checklist and the WHODAS-II identified a considerable proportion of the elderly with a disability in life areas relevant to cognition and domestic life in a similar manner, the proportions ranging from 52.5 to 68.5%. However, the proportions of those with a disability showed a statistically significant difference in the domains of the two instruments relevant to mobility, self-care, and participation in society. Although the absolute intrarater agreement for matching items of the instruments ranged from 40.5 to 87.5%, kappa statistics showed slight to moderate agreement for the original ICF qualifier and mostly moderate agreement with reduced response options. ICF qualifiers were found to discriminate between the WHODAS-II domain scores in those with no, mild-moderate and severe-complete difficulty. The disparity between the data obtained from the ICF checklist and the WHODAS-II in some domains may have resulted from differing interpretations of the items of the ICF checklist, lower reliability of some of the items, and the current feature of the qualifiers used without any adaptations. The ICF checklist has the potential to be used in a field setting, provided that some modifications are made. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iodine excretion   24h urine   Spot urine   Creatinine adjustment   Urine collection timing   Ethnicity   Greenland Inuit  

摘要： Iodine nutrition is commonly assessed from iodine excretion in urine. A 24h urine sample is ideal, but it is cumbersome and inconvenient. Hence, spot urine samples with creatinine to adjust for differences in void volume are widely used. Still, the importance of ethnicity and the timing of spot urine samples need to be settled. We, thus, collected 104 early morning spot urine samples and 24h urine samples from Inuit and non-Inuit living in Greenland. Diet was assessed by a FFQ. Demographic data were collected from the national registry and by questionnaires. Iodine was measured using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, creatinine using the Jaffe method and para-amino benzoic acid by the HPLC method for the estimation of completeness of urine sampling and compensation of incomplete urine samples to 24h excretion. A population-based recruitment was done from the capital city, a major town and a settlement (n 36/48/20). Participants were seventy-eight Inuit and twenty-six non-Inuit. The median 24h iodine excretion was 138 (25th-75th percentile 89-225)g/97 (25th-75th percentile 72-124)g in Inuit/non-Inuit (P=0030), and 153 (25th-75th percentile 97-251)g/102 (25th-75th percentile 73-138)g (P=0026) when including compensated iodine excretion. Iodine excretion in 24h urine samples increased with a rising intake of traditional Inuit foods (P=0005). Iodine excretion was lower in morning spot urine samples than in 24h urine samples (P<0001). This difference was associated with iodine intake levels (P<0001), and was statistically significant when the iodine excretion level was above 150g/24h. In conclusion, the iodine intake level was underestimated from morning spot urine samples if iodine excretion was above the recommended level.

关键词： 微生物检验   慢性胃炎   诊断分析   幽门螺杆菌  

摘要： 目的：探究微生物检验技术在慢性胃炎的诊断分析中所起的作用及意义。方法：选取2014年6月～2015年3月经我院确诊为慢性胃炎的患者78例，收集患者的胃粘膜标本，进行胃粘膜活检标本检测以及常规病理组织学检查。结果：胃粘膜活检阳性率分别为组织切片染色为65.4%，快速尿素酶试验为81.2%，而常规病理学检查的阳性率则为62.8%。而根据微生物检验技术进行的粪便HP抗原检测和唾液抗HPIgG检测结果的阳性率78.7%和79.5%，明显高于其它两项胃粘膜活检标本检测的阳性率，差异具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：微生物检验技术在慢性胃炎的诊断分析中有着重要的作用，检验方法操作简单、而且标本容易获取、对人体没有危害而且在准确性，所以在慢性胃炎尤其是由幽门螺杆菌引起的慢性胃炎的诊断分析临床应用中值得推广。

关键词： 技能大赛   微生物检验   教学模式  

摘要： 微生物检验是医学检验专业一门实践性和技能性很强的专业课,学生实践操作技能培养至关重要。检验技能大赛不仅能提升学生专业技能,激发学习兴趣,还能推动微生物检验教学模式改革,促进"双师型"师资队伍建设。

关键词： Support vector machine   Genetic algorithm   Particle swarm optimization   Wavelet domain denoising   Age determination   Abalone dataset  

摘要： Among machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is outstanding for its high efficiency and good generalization ability. This paper mainly concerns the classification performance of SVMs for multiple classes and auxiliary algorithms combined with SVMs. These auxiliary algorithms include Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm, parameters optimizing methods and Two-Step Classification strategy. Results are given under data-based framework that classification ability and operation efficiency of SVMs are both improved when dimension is reduced;and Two-Step Classification SVM (TSC-SVM) works well under circumstances that samples overlap with each other seriously. In TSC-SVM, differences between adjacent samples are denoised by wavelet transform and magnified by a proper weighting function, after samples are sorted into correct groups in the first step. Discussions and comparisons are based on abalone dataset According to the simulations, it is believed that step-wise SVMs have superior classification ability. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 新生儿   溶血   生化检验  

摘要： 目的分析新生儿溶血样本对生化检验结果的作用及优化措施。方法选取我院2012年5月-2014年8月期间实施生化检验的68例新生儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均常规采集血液标本,每例患儿采集两管,一管作为溶血标本,另一管作为未溶血标本,检测两组标准的谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷草转氨酶水平并进行对比。结果研究结果显示,两组新生儿谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷草转氨酶水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿溶血样本会对生化检验结果造成很大的影响,尤其是谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿酸、谷氨酰转肽酶、谷草转氨酶水平,需引起临床人员重视,在开展溶血检验过程中积极通过合理选择采血点、采血方式等优化措施,避免或减少溶血发生。

关键词： 血液检验   贫血类型   鉴别诊断  

摘要： 目的分析研究在贫血的鉴别诊断中血液检验所起到的作用。方法选取杭州市拱墅区米市巷街道社区卫生服务中心2012年8月-2014年4月经检验的贫血患者60例,作为观察组,其中30例为溶血性贫血患者,作为观察组1,另30例为缺铁性贫血患者,作为观察组2,再选取30例正常人作为对照组,均对其血细胞进行检测,观察3组患者血液中的RBC、MCV、Hb、MCH、RDW指标的差异,以及观察组中两组的灵敏度,特异性和符合率的差异。结果观察组1中RBC指标低于对照组,观察组2中Hb指标明显低于观察组1和对照组,对照组中MCH明显高于观察组1和观察组2,组间对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组1与观察组2灵敏度、特异度和符合率的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血液检验在贫血类型的鉴别诊断中,发挥重要的作用,具有一定的临床价值。

关键词： 贫血   血液检验   鉴别诊断  

摘要： 目的:探讨贫血鉴别诊断中血液检验的作用.方法:我院于2014年3月至2015年3月对52例贫血患者(实验组)和52例健康人(对照组)进行鉴别诊断分析,对这些研究对象进行血液检验,对比分析两组患者的血液检验结果.结果:实验组的红细胞计数、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞分布宽度等指标与对照组有明显差异,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对贫血患者进行血液检验可以诊断判定患者的贫血状况,为及时治疗提供了可靠的依据.