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关键词： 异质性   商贸流通业   先导性  

摘要： 本文综合采用趋势分析、时差相关性分析、格兰杰因果检验方法,就商贸流通业细分行业对我国国民经济发展作用进行再检验。研究发现:商贸流通业整体在我国经济中的先导性作用在长期逐步释放,且批发和零售业先导性强于交通运输、仓储和邮政业。

关键词： 上海市集体合同条例   修订   集体协商  

摘要： 文章回顾了《上海市集体合同条例》的修订过程,阐述了修订过程中有关各方意见的异同以及争论的焦点问题,介绍了此次条例修订的主要内容。

关键词： 资料审查   现场检验   预防   假冒伪劣   电梯  

摘要： 针对最近媒体报道的假冒伪劣电梯问题,本文首先从审查资料原件、核对不熟悉的施工单位资质及不确定所属施工单位的报检人员等几个方面分析了如何在电梯开工资料审查时预防假冒伪劣电梯,然后从询问现场安装人员、核对各部件与开工资料的一致性、查看部件加工痕迹、查看部件锈蚀油漆情况等几个方面分析了如何在电梯现场检验时预防假冒伪劣电梯,最后提出除了要重视开工资料审查和现场检验在遏制假冒伪劣电梯方面发挥的重要作用外,还需要全社会参与,才能有效的杜绝制假造假行为。

关键词： 循环贸易   商业目的   民间借贷   交易形式   合同效力  

摘要： 最高人民法院在最近做出的关于循环贸易的终审判决中,一改以往合同无效的裁判路径,认定合同有效。这一转变的原因有具体个案的差异,更体现了最高院在商事案件裁判中对合理商业目的、交易形式的尊重。基于这一典型案例可以看出,无论是循环贸易的增加业绩、融资、保障债权目的,还是其交易形式,都不足以否定合同的效力。尊重特殊的商业形式以及当事人的意思自治是今后相关案件裁判的应然路径。

关键词： 检验科   医院感染   管理  

摘要： 目的探讨检验科在医院感染管理中的作用,分析其存在的问题,并提出相应的防护措施。方法该院检验科自2011年1月—2014年12月共有22例医院感染事件,对医院感染事件进行回顾性分析,统计发生医院感染的危险因素,并及时采取相应的预防措施进行控制。结果据统计,该院检验科共发生22例医院感染事件,其中锐器伤导致感染8例(36.3%)、被血液或体液喷溅导致感染7例(31.8%),吸入性溶胶感染3例(13.6%),其他原因所致医院感染4例(18.2%),分析导致医院感染发生的原因并制定相应的预防措施。结论应强化检验科医院感染的管理,能够降低医院感染发生率,保证医务人员的生命健康。

关键词： 血液检验   贫血诊断   鉴别诊断  

摘要： 目的 深入探讨在贫血诊断与鉴别诊断中,血液检验的临床价值.方法 选取我院2012年11月-2013年48月期间收治的60例贫血患者为研究对象,根据患者的贫血类型将患者分为地中海贫血组（n=28）,和缺铁性贫血组（n=32）,就两组患者的血液检验结果进行比较和综合性分析.结果 两组患者血液检验结果显示,地中海贫血组在红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、细胞平均体积、红细胞体积分布宽度上与缺铁性贫血组比,有明显统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在红细胞平均血红蛋白量比较,两组患者无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 在贫血诊断与鉴别诊断中,通过血液检查并就上述4项指标进行分析,能够有效区分缺铁性贫血和地中海贫血.

关键词： 基因-环境交互作用   素质-压力模型   不同易感性模型   优势敏感性模型  

摘要： 素质-压力模型、不同易感性模型和优势敏感性模型是当前有关基因-环境交互作用的三种代表性理论模型。素质-压力模型认为"近墨者黑"或"出淤泥而不染",优势反应敏感性模型认为"近朱者赤",而不同易感性模型则兼收并蓄,认为某些个体近墨则黑,近朱则赤。检验上述模型的现实有效性是当前基因-环境交互作用研究领域的热点问题之一。概观而言,分组回归和分层回归是常用的传统检验方法,显著性区域分析法和新参数回归模型法则是新近兴起的。未来研究需要进一步探索三种模型的领域特殊性、种族差异等问题,检验这些模型的方法也有待改善。

关键词： Cross-lingual   Sentiment classification   Self-training   Active learning   Density measure  

摘要： In recent years, research in sentiment classification has received considerable attention by natural language processing researchers. Annotated sentiment corpora are the most important resources used in sentiment classification. However, since most recent research works in this field have focused on the English language, there are accordingly not enough annotated sentiment resources in other languages. Manual construction of reliable annotated sentiment corpora for a new language is a labour-intensive and time-consuming task. Projection of sentiment corpus from one language into another language is a natural solution used in cross-lingual sentiment classification. Automatic machine translation services are the most commonly tools used to directly project information from one language into another. However, since term distribution across languages may be different due to variations in linguistic terms and writing styles, cross-lingual methods cannot reach the performance of monolingual methods. In this paper, a novel learning model is proposed based on the combination of uncertainty-based active learning and semi-supervised self-training approaches to incorporate unlabelled sentiment documents from the target language in order to improve the performance of cross-lingual methods. Further, in this model, the density measures of unlabelled examples are considered in active learning part in order to avoid outlier selection. The empirical evaluation on book review datasets in three different languages shows that the proposed model can significantly improve the performance of cross-lingual sentiment classification in comparison with other existing and baseline methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social interaction   Social presence   Virtual environments   Avatar   Massively multiplayer online games   Immersion  

摘要： A behavioral observation methodology was employed in this study to examine how social behavior unfolds within a virtual environment and to identify what might perpetuate this behavior. Partial interval recording sampling was used to code social interactions (Socio-Spatial Interactivity and Social Presence) that occurred between experienced World of Warcraft players during their game play. Given the bidirectional nature of social interactions, Socio-Spatial Interactivity and Social Presence variables (Affective Association, Community Cohesion, Interaction Intensity, and Knowledge & Experience) were employed as both dependent and independent variables in two separate sets of regression analyses. Findings suggest that a positive feedback loop exists between Socio-Spatial Interactivity and Social Presence. Based on these findings, the researchers discuss implications for designers and end-users of virtual environments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

摘要： We present the model and implementation of a workflow that blazes a trail in systematic biology for the re-usability of character data (data on any kind of characters of pheno- and genotypes of organisms) and their additivity from specimen to taxon level. We take into account that any taxon characterization is based on a limited set of sampled individuals and characters, and that consequently any new individual and any new character may affect the recognition of biological entities and/or the subsequent delimitation and characterization of a taxon. Taxon concepts thus frequently change during the knowledge generation process in systematic biology. Structured character data are therefore not only needed for the knowledge generation process but also for easily adapting characterizations of taxa. We aim to facilitate the construction and reproducibility of taxon characterizations from structured character data of changing sample sets by establishing a stable and unambiguous association between each sampled individual and the data processed from it. Our workflow implementation uses the European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy Platform, a comprehensive taxonomic data management and publication environment to: (i) establish a reproducible connection between sampled individuals and all samples derived from them;(ii) stably link sample-based character data with the metadata of the respective samples;(iii) record and store structured specimen-based character data in formats allowing data exchange;(iv) reversibly assign sample metadata and character datasets to taxa in an editable classification and display them and (v) organize data exchange via standard exchange formats and enable the link between the character datasets and samples in research collections, ensuring high visibility and instant reusability of the data. The workflow implemented will contribute to organizing the interface between phylogenetic analysis and revisionary taxonomic or monographic work.