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关键词： Sparse Bayesian learning   Bayesian inference   Embedded feature selection methods   Relevance sample-feature machine (RSFM)   Fast marginal likelihood maximization  

摘要： The recently proposed Relevance Sample-Feature Machine (RSFM) performs joint feature selection and classification with state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and sparsity. However, it suffers from high computational cost for large training sets. To accelerate its training procedure, we introduce a new variant of this algorithm named Incremental Relevance Sample-Feature Machine (IRSFM). In IRSFM, the marginal likelihood maximization approach is changed such that the model learning follows a constructive procedure (starting with an empty model, it iteratively adds or omits basis functions to construct the learned model). Our extensive experiments on various data sets and comparison with various competing algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IRSFM in terms of accuracy, sparsity and run-time. While the IRSFM achieves almost the same classification accuracy as the RSFM, it benefits from sparser learned model both in sample and feature domains and much less training time than RSFM especially for large data sets. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： acetonitrile   diffusion coefficients   ionic liquids   microscopic interactions   solvent effects  

摘要： The self-diffusion coefficients of each component in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([Bmim][N(SO2CF3)(2)]) and acetonitrile were determined. The results suggest that the hydrodynamic boundary conditions change from "stick" to "slip" as the solvent composition transitions from "ionic liquid dissolved in acetonitrile" (chi(IL) < 0.4) to "acetonitrile dissolved in ionic liquid" (chi(IL) > 0.4). At higher chi(IL), the acetonitrile species are affected by "cage" and "jump" events, as the acetonitrile molecules reside nearer to the charged centre on the ions than in the "non-polar" regions. The self-diffusion coefficients of hexan-1-amine, dipropylamine, 1-hexanol and dipropylether in mixtures of [Bmim][N(SO2CF3)(2)] and acetonitrile were determined. In general, the nitrogen-containing solutes were found to diffuse slower than the oxygen-containing solutes;this indicates that there are greater ionic liquid-N interactions than ionic liquid-O interactions. This work demonstrates that the self-diffusion coefficients of species can provide valuable information about solvent-solvent and solvent-solute interactions in mixtures containing an ionic liquid.

关键词： health belief model   online health community   social cognitive theory   theory of planned behavior   weight loss  

摘要： Objective. To examine whether and to what extent relevant and meaningful discussions of weight loss occurred in the Weight Watchers' online community, and whether and to what extent the online community is designed for fostering such discussions. Methods. A multimethod approach was used here. First, a quantitative content analysis was conducted on 320 posts from 64 threads sampled from ***'s message boards between December 1, 2011, and January 31, 2012. The coding categories included constructs from the health belief model, the planned behavior theory, and the theory of self-efficacy. An acceptable level of intercoder reliability was reached;frequencies, cluster analysis, and t test were reported. Second, a conventional content analysis of the posts was conducted. The posts were examined for themes and patterns within the discussion. Finally, the researchers examined the sociability features of the message boards. The qualitative review followed established procedures and was conducted independently by four researchers. Results. Mastery experience occurred in 46% of the posts. Threads focusing on physical activities contained more perceived barriers, mastery experiences, and verbal persuasion than other types of threads. Posts focusing on diet included unanswered questions about dieting practices with certain medical conditions. Posts focusing on mastery experience celebrated any small step toward success. Posts irrelevant to weight loss mostly contained events and happenings in members' lives. The sociability review revealed a lack of moderation. Conclusion. The Weight Watchers' online community included much discussion about weight loss. Findings suggest that physical activities require more encouragement than dieting. Health educators have an opportunity to interject and moderate meaningful discussions. For example, dieting with certain medical conditions, opinions on various diets, and the relationship between dieting and being healthy are opportu

关键词： 食品检验   安全检测技术   放射性标记探针   核酸探针   核酸探针技术   PCR   单核细胞增多症李氏杆菌  

摘要： 在国家经济水平和居民生活质量不断提升的背景下,人们对于食品安全的重视程度也逐渐提升。同时,在相应的食品安全方面也得到很大发展,诞生一些新的食品安全的检测技术。较之常规的食品安全检测技术,新技术在时间、经费、准确性和操作简易度上都在很大程度上得到改善。基于此,以核酸探针和PCR技术应用于食品检验中的作用为中心展开细致的分析探讨,旨在提供核酸探针和PCR技术应用于食品检验的理论参考。

关键词： 法医学   医疗纠纷   尸体检验   解决   作用   建议  

摘要： 随着社会的快速发展,人们自身的医疗观念也在不断转变,对于医疗行业及医务工作者的要求也变得越来越高,但是,我国目前的医疗体制仍然存在一系列的问题,无法满足人们日益提高的医疗要求。在此背景下,医疗纠纷就成为了目前我国医疗卫生事业中体现最为明显的一类问题,甚至会导致恶性事件的发生。如果医疗纠纷问题无法得到妥善的处理。不仅会影响医疗机构的正常运行,还会给相关的医务工作者带来人身危害,甚至造成部分医务工作者死亡。在医疗纠纷解决中,法医学尸体检验具有极为重要的意义,笔者将在本文对此进行简要分析。

关键词： Classification of Parkinson disease   Optimal selection of speech samples   Multi-edit-nearest-neighbor algorithm (MENN)   Ensemble learning   Random forest (RF)   Decorrelated neural network ensembles (DNNE)  

摘要： Background: The use of speech based data in the classification of Parkinson disease (PD) has been shown to provide an effect, non-invasive mode of classification in recent years. Thus, there has been an increased interest in speech pattern analysis methods applicable to Parkinsonism for building predictive tele-diagnosis and tele-monitoring models. One of the obstacles in optimizing classifications is to reduce noise within the collected speech samples, thus ensuring better classification accuracy and stability. While the currently used methods are effect, the ability to invoke instance selection has been seldomly examined. Methods: In this study, a PD classification algorithm was proposed and examined that combines a multi-edit-nearest-neighbor (MENN) algorithm and an ensemble learning algorithm. First, the MENN algorithm is applied for selecting optimal training speech samples iteratively, thereby obtaining samples with high separability. Next, an ensemble learning algorithm, random forest (RF) or decorrelated neural network ensembles (DNNE), is used to generate trained samples from the collected training samples. Lastly, the trained ensemble learning algorithms are applied to the test samples for PD classification. This proposed method was examined using a more recently deposited public datasets and compared against other currently used algorithms for validation. Results: Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm obtained the highest degree of improved classification accuracy (29.44%) compared with the other algorithm that was examined. Furthermore, the MENN algorithm alone was found to improve classification accuracy by as much as 45.72%. Moreover, the proposed algorithm was found to exhibit a higher stability, particularly when combining the MENN and RF algorithms. Conclusions: This study showed that the proposed method could improve PD classification when using speech data and can be applied to future studies seeking to improve PD classification

关键词： 痕迹检验技术   刑事侦查工作   作用  

摘要： 科技的发展使得痕迹检验技术水平得到了显著的提高,对于刑事侦查工作也起到了巨大的帮助。随着社会的发展进步,科学技术水平还会向更高的层次发展,对于刑事侦查工作的作用将越来越大。而与此同时,犯罪分子的犯罪手段也会更加多样,犯罪水平也会有所提高。这就要求我们在科技发展的同时,更加注重痕迹检验技术的提高,不给犯罪分子可乘之机,以此维护社会主义社会的长治久安和永续发展。本文对痕迹检验技术在刑事侦查工作中的作用进行了分析。

关键词： 检验   临床   医患纠纷  

摘要： 探讨医学检验与临床紧密的沟通和联系,对防范医患纠纷中的作用。方法:分析2014年3月-2016年3月检验科《检验与临床联系报告登记及处理记录》发现,通过与临床联系,有效控制了多起错误检验报告的发出,纠正了多起错误的治疗方案。结论:加强检验与临床的沟通可有效防范医患纠纷。