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关键词： 胶体金法   荧光定量PCR检测法   生殖道沙眼衣原体感染   检测  

摘要： 目的探讨不同检验方法对女性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的检测价值。方法选择该院2016年2月‐2016年11月收治的132例疑似女性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染患者为研究对象,分别对患者采取胶体金法与荧光定量聚合式酶联反应(PCR)检测法(FQ-PCR)进行检测,对两种检测方法的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阴性预测值及阴性预测值进行观察。结果 FQ-PCR检测灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为98.41%、97.10%、97.73%、96.88%及98.53%,胶体金法分别为49.21%、95.65%、73.48%、49.21%及95.65%,除特异度及阴性预测值差异无统计学意义外,FQPCR的灵敏度、准确性及阳性预测值均高于胶体金法(P<0.05)。结论 FQ-PCR检测法检测女性生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的灵敏度及准确性较高,可为临床早期诊断及治疗提供参考依据。

关键词： 经济效益   检验工作   甘南藏族自治州   园林植物景观   植物景观设计   木材   西北地区   景观建设  

摘要： 甘南藏族自治州卓尼县地处于我国的西北地区。随着社会主义精神建设的不断发展，我国西北园林植物景观建设的要求不断地增多。但是由于我国进入园林植物景观设计这一行业的时间太多，缺少这一方面的专业人员，所以我国园林植物景观的是设计大多都缺少整体结构的稳定性和观赏性，只是赋予他们艺术的外囊。为了改善甘南藏族自治州卓尼县城市的生态环境，我们需要深入的加强这些城市的园林建设。

关键词： 食品检验   实验室管理   质量体系  

摘要： 随着经济的高速发展,人们对食品的要求也越来越高,特别是对食品质量的要求。食品安全问题对人们的生活和身体具有很大的影响,可以通过专业的食品检查单位进行食品的检验。本文主要分析了食品检测过程中的各种问题与要求,以及食品检验实验室管理中质量体系的作用,从而保障食品的安全。

关键词： TREATMENT of alcoholism   DRINKING of alcoholic beverages & psychology   PHENOTYPE  

摘要： Delayed payment is becoming a critical issue in the construction industry. Late payment and/or nonpayment cause severe cash-flow problems to contractors and across the entire contracting supply chain. There are many factors that cause late payment problems, including owner's poor financial management;disagreement on valuation of executed works and consequent delayed certification;using paid-when-paid clauses with subcontractors, suppliers, and manufacturers;and noncompliance with contractual provisions in requesting and claiming payments. The objective of this paper is to present a study of the payment provisions under most widely used standard construction contracts, both nationally and internationally. This paper studies the payment provisions under traditional standard construction contracts including those published by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), ConsensusDocs, Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee (EJCDC), International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), World Bank, Joint Contracts Tribunal (JCT), and the New Engineering Contract (NEC). As dictated by the descriptive nature of this paper, the authors used a desktop analysis involving three dimensions for studying payment provisions that included reviewing the procedure for requesting payment, time limits for payments to be made, and the associated remedies of a contractor if a payment is delayed. Ultimately, the study concludes with a comparative analysis of all contracts under investigation. By providing concise guideline for payment provisions under different standard construction contract, this study is expected to better educate the associated stakeholders toward best practices for administering construction projects. This should help empower downstream cash flow within the contracting supply chain, which would ultimately help mitigate project delays, as well as the interrelated claims, conflicts, and disputes. (c) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： fMRI   Functional connectivity   Classification   MVPA   Depression  

摘要： In small, selected samples, an approach combining resting-state functional connectivity MRI and multivariate pattern analysis has been able to successfully classify patients diagnosed with unipolar depression. Purposes of this investigation were to assess the generalizability of this approach to a large clinically more realistic sample and secondarily to assess the replicability of previously reported methodological feasibility in a more homogeneous subgroup with pronounced depressive symptoms. Two independent subsets were drawn from the depression and control cohorts of the BiDirect study, each with 180 patients with and 180 controls without depression. Functional connectivity either among regions covering the gray matter or selected regions with known alterations in depression was assessed by resting-state fMRI. Support vector machines with and without automated feature selection were used to train classifiers differentiating between individual patients and controls in the entire first subset as well as in the subgroup. Model parameters were explored systematically. The second independent subset was used for validation of successful models. Classification accuracies in the large, heterogeneous sample ranged from 45.0 to 56.1% (chance level 50.0%). In the subgroup with higher depression severity, three out of 90 models performed significantly above chance (60.8-61.7% at independent validation). In conclusion, common classification methods previously successful in small homogenous depression samples do not immediately translate to a more realistic population. Future research to develop diagnostic classification approaches in depression should focus on more specific clinical questions and consider heterogeneity, including symptom severity as an important factor.

关键词： Type A   B Classification   Factor Analysis   Factor Mixture Model   Typology  

摘要： BackgroundThe type A/B classification model for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has received considerable empirical support. However, few studies examine the underlying latent structure of this subtyping model, which has been challenged as a dichotomization of a single drinking severity dimension. Type B, relative to type A, alcoholics represent those with early age of onset, greater familial risk, and worse outcomes from alcohol use. MethodsWe examined the latent structure of the type A/B model using categorical, dimensional, and factor mixture models in a mixed-gender community treatment-seeking sample of adults with an AUD. ResultsFactor analytic models identified 2 factors (drinking severity/externalizing psychopathology and internalizing psychopathology) underlying the type A/B indicators. A factor mixture model with 2 dimensions and 3 classes emerged as the best overall fitting model. The classes reflected a type A class and 2 type B classes (B1 and B2) that differed on the respective level of drinking severity/externalizing pathology and internalizing pathology. Type B1 had a greater prevalence of women and more internalizing pathology and B2 had a greater prevalence of men and more drinking severity/externalizing pathology. The 2-factor, 3-class model also exhibited predictive validity by explaining significant variance in 12-month drinking and drug use outcomes. ConclusionsThe model identified in this study may provide a basis for examining different sources of heterogeneity in the course and outcome of AUDs.

摘要： It is well-established that disputes have adverse effects on cost, delivery dates, and quality of construction projects. Studies have shown that poor contract administration is yet the leading cause of disputes. One of the core elements in construction contracts is payment. Although contractual provisions-including employer's payment obligations-are usually expressly sated in contracts, they are sometimes misunderstood and/or misapplied, leading to major impacts on projects and firms. The objective of this paper is to present guidelines for appropriate administration of the employer's payment clauses under the most widely used national and international design-build contracts. The paper focuses on the design-build delivery system for its emerging wide use in large-scale construction projects. The authors studied the provisions related to employer's payment obligations under multiple standard design-build forms of contract including those published by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), ConsensusDOCS, the Engineers' Joint Contract Documents Committee (EJCDC), the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), the Joint Contracts Tribunal (JCT), and the New Engineering Contract (NEC). In doing so, the authors used a multistep research methodology that included: (1) classifying the causes of contractual problems related to poor administration of employer's payment provisions;(2) analyzing the conditions for employer's payment obligations in the studied contracts, the associated required procedures, and the interrelated repercussions for failure to such provisions;(3) presenting a detailed comparison showing the commonalities and differences between the different contracts;and (4) developing a checklist of the important contractual considerations in payment provisions. The direct outcomes of this research will enable stakeholders to quickly review payment provisions in different standard forms and assist them in selecting the proper form that suits th