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关键词： 质量管理   检验标本   检验标本   不合格率   标本收集转运箱  

摘要： 目的探讨质量管理在降低检验标本不合格率中的重要作用。方法收集2015年4月至2016年3月检验科接收的标本313088例,其中1257例不合格,标本不合格率0.40%,分析总结影响检验标本不合格率的因素,找出要因之一。分为对照组(2016年4月)和试验组(2016年8月),采用全面质量管理的理念,全方位、全员、全过程,多种方法的质量管理。结果经质量控制,检验标本不合格率由对照组的0.35%下降到试验组的0.25%,质量控制前后的检验标本不合格率相比有所下降(P<0.05)。结论质量控制在降低检验标本不合格率中具有很重要的作用,可显著降低检验标本的不合格率,同时经过规范检验标本送检前的采集、运送过程,可提高护理人员的专业素质,也使标本质量得到显著改善。对检验标本送检前进行质量管理,可以有效减少检验标本的不合格率,具有重要的临床价值。

关键词： 糖尿病   凝血四项   血脂检验   临床作用  

摘要： 目的分析糖尿病患者凝血四项并血脂检验的临床作用。方法选取2016年1月至2017年1月间我院收治的糖尿病患者40例,设为研究组;选取同期入院的健康人员40例,设为对照组。所有受检人员均接受凝血四项和血脂检验,对检查结果进行比较。结果研究组患者的凝血四项结果[凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和凝血酶时间(TT)]等与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。另,研究组患者[总胆固醇(TC)、高脂血症(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者实施凝血四项并血脂检验,可以对异常并发症的发生进行有效预防,有较大的临床应用价值。

关键词： 种子检验   种子管理   农业发展   质量保障  

摘要： 我国种子产业中对于种子质量的要求始终摆在首位,"质量第一"是种子企业发展壮大的根基,同时也是农业增产增效的保障。从种子检验工作的方法和种子检验工作的管理两个方面入手,对现阶段保质保量的种子检验提出建设性意见,从而切实地提高种子质量,保障农业的可持续发展。

关键词： 国际债券   计价货币   币种构成   人民币国际化  

摘要： 本文从货币职能的角度出发,借鉴外汇储备币种结构的研究方法,对国际债券计价货币币种结构的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,与国际货币交易支付职能密切相关的惯性效应和网络效应对国际债券计价货币币种结构具有显著的影响,与国际货币价值储藏职能密切相关的、以汇率表示的货币外部币值稳定性和国际债券计价货币币种构成密切相关。2008年全球金融危机之后,币值稳定性对国际债券计价货币的影响更加重要,惯性效应则在危机的冲击下消失,网络效应的作用也明显下降。目前人民币的价值储藏这一国际货币职能发展相对滞后,应加快发展在岸外汇市场,进一步放开外汇市场准入和产品交易限制,加快人民币汇率形成机制改革,以此促进人民币在国际金融交易投资中发挥更大的作用。

关键词： CEREBRAL palsy   FOOD habits   FUNCTIONAL assessment   MOVEMENT disorders   DEGLUTITION disorders  

摘要： AimTo determine (1) the reproducibility of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS);(2) EDACS classification distribution in a population-based cohort with cerebral palsy (CP);and (3) the relationships between the EDACS and clinical mealtime assessment, other classifications, and health outcomes. MethodThis was a cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 170 children with CP at 3 years to 5 years (mean 57.6mo, standard deviation [SD] 8.3mo;105 males, n=65 females). Functional abilities were representative of a population sample (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I=74, II=34, III=21, IV=18, V=23). The EDACS was the primary classification of mealtime function. The Dysphagia Disorders Survey was the clinical mealtime assessment. Gross motor function was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. ResultsEDACS classification had 88.3% intrarater agreement (=0.84, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95;p<0.001) and 51.7% interrater agreement (=0.36, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.79;p<0.001). In total, 56.5% of children were classified as EDACS level I. There was a strong stepwise relationship between the Dysphagia Disorders Survey and EDACS (r=0.96, p<0.001). Parental stress (odds ratio=1.3, p=0.05) and feeding tubes (odds ratio=6.4, p<0.001) were significantly related to more limited function on the EDACS. InterpretationThe EDACS presents a viable adjunct to clinical assessment of feeding skills in children with CP for use in surveillance trials and clinical practice. A rating addendum would be a useful contribution to the tool to enhance reproducibility.

关键词： evolution   influenza virus   packaging   reassortment   segment mismatch  

摘要： Influenza A virus (IAV) RNA packaging signals serve to direct the incorporation of IAV gene segments into virus particles, and this process is thought to be mediated by segment-segment interactions. These packaging signals are segment and strain specific, and as such, they have the potential to impact reassortment outcomes between different IAV strains. Our study aimed to quantify the impact of packaging signal mismatch on IAV reassortment using the human seasonal influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and pandemic influenza A/Netherlands/602/2009 (H1N1) viruses. Focusing on the three most divergent segments, we constructed pairs of viruses that encoded identical proteins but differed in the packaging signal regions on a single segment. We then evaluated the frequency with which segments carrying homologous versus heterologous packaging signals were incorporated into reassortant progeny viruses. We found that, when segment 4 (HA) of coinfecting parental viruses was modified, there was a significant preference for the segment containing matched packaging signals relative to the background of the virus. This preference was apparent even when the homologous HA constituted a minority of the HA segment population available in the cell for packaging. Conversely, when segment 6 (NA) or segment 8 (NS) carried modified packaging signals, there was no significant preference for homologous packaging signals. These data suggest that movement of NA and NS segments between the human H3N2 and H1N1 lineages is unlikely to be restricted by packaging signal mismatch, while movement of the HA segment would be more constrained. Our results indicate that the importance of packaging signals in IAV reassortment is segment dependent. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can exchange genes through reassortment. This process contributes to both the highly diverse population of IAVs found in nature and the formation of novel epidemic and pandemic IAV strains. Our study sought to determine the ext

关键词： 痕迹检验技术   刑事技术体系   地位   作用  

摘要： 痕迹检验技术作为刑事科学技术中的一个类别,主要包括足印与手印检测、犯罪工具检测、犯罪方法检测等诸多方面,应用上述技术可以深入了解犯罪形成的过程,从而帮助侦查人员推断出犯罪行为转化的规律。基于此,文章简要的说明了痕迹检验技术的定义和发展概况,然后从多角度对刑事技术体系中痕迹检验技术的地位与作用进行了论述,旨在为同行人士的研究提供一些参考。

关键词： Metagenomics   Taxonomic composition   Functional diversity   Environmental inhomogeneity   Statistical testing  

摘要： One important question in microbiome analysis is how to assess the homogeneity of the microbial composition in a given environment, with respect to a given analysis method. Do different microbial samples taken from the same environment follow the same taxonomic distribution of organisms, or the same distribution of functions? Here we provide a non-parametric statistical "triangulation test" to address this type of question. The test requires that multiple replicates are available for each of the biological samples, and it is based on three-way computational comparisons of samples. To illustrate the application of the test, we collected three biological samples taken from different locations in one piece of human stool, each represented by three replicates, and analyzed them using MEGAN. (Despite its name, the triangulation test does not require that the number of biological samples or replicates be three.) The triangulation test rejects the null hypothesis that the three biological samples exhibit the same distribution of taxa or function (error probability <= 0.05), indicating that the microbial composition of the investigated human stool is not homogenous on a macroscopic scale, suggesting that pooling material from multiple locations is a reasonable practice. We provide an implementation of the test in our open source program MEGAN Community Edition. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.