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关键词： 农作物种子   质量   管理  

摘要： 种子的质量对农作物的发展至关重要,只有种子的良好才能保证作物的产量。因次在进行种植之前对种子进行检测非常的重要。本文阐述的主要内容是农作物种子质量的检验的项目、作用和管理。

关键词： 口头变更   劳动合同   法的价值   利益保护  

摘要： 我国《劳动法》明确规定劳动合同的变更应以书面形式,《最高人民法院劳动争议司法解释（四）》对这一规定进行突破,肯定了口头变更劳动合同。口头变更劳动合同适应了我国经济发展的需要,提高了企业的经营自主权,考虑了劳动者的意思表示,但《司法解释（四）》对口头变更劳动合同存在重形式、轻实质的法律漏洞,为企业滥用强势地位提供契机。因此,在肯定口头变更劳动合同的同时,应强调法的正义、自由、秩序价值,平衡劳动者与用人单位的合法权益。这对实现《劳动法》的社会价值具有深远的现实意义。

关键词： 材料智能   智能包装   活性包装   包装设计  

摘要： 目的探索材料智能型包装的分类体系、应用领域与设计实现。方法以现行材料智能型包装案例及文献为基础,对国内外相关的设计实践、专利及相关理论进行系统分析,并根据材料功能特性对其进行分类研究。结果提出了更完善的材料智能型包装的概念、分类、应用领域与设计关键。根据材料本身及其应用在材料智能型包装上表现出来的功能特征,在包装的展示销售、保鲜提醒、商品防伪以及安全防护等方面具有良好的应用前景,重点阐述了功能特征表现较为明显的变色材料包装、发光材料包装、智能水凝胶材料包装、活性包装等,并提出材料在智能型包装设计过程中应着重把握材料选择的恰当性、信息传达的准确性以及图形表现的巧妙性3个方面。结论对材料智能型包装的分类及设计应用进行了细化研究,为智能化包装的拓展研究提供了更多的方向,有利于推动包装产业的转型升级。

关键词： 火工品   运输方案   等级分类   包装   危险性   航天航空   武器装备   运输过程  

摘要： 火工品作为一种敏感、易爆的危险品,主要应用于航天航空、武器装备和民用爆破等关键领域,其作用是否可靠、性能是否稳定直接影响到后续任务的成败.而火工品的包装、运输过程将是对火工品稳定性的第一次考验,能否将火工品安全平稳地送至目的地是按时保质完成试验任务的前提.

关键词： 上市公司   独立董事制度   外生政策冲击   内生性   市场反应  

摘要： 本文借助一个外生政策冲击,通过研究独立董事辞职的市场反应探讨了我国独立董事制度是否有作用。检验结果表明:具有政府官员背景的独立董事辞职后,累计超额收益率为1. 181%,公司价值上升;具有学术机构背景的独立董事辞职后,累计超额收益率为-2. 058%,公司价值下降;进一步研究发现,具有政府官员背景的独立董事辞职的正向市场反应主要来自于代理成本较大的公司,具有学术机构背景的独立董事辞职的市场反应在代理成本不同的公司并没有显著差异。本文结论表明,具有学术机构背景的独立董事能够发挥专家咨询作用,具有政府官员背景的独立董事则降低了公司治理效率,具有负面作用。

关键词： Convolutional neural network (CNN)   feature extraction (FE)   hyperspectral image (HSI)   hypergraph   sample expansion  

摘要： Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification remains a challenging problem due to unique characteristics of HSI data (such as numerous bands and strong correlations in the spectral and spatial domains) and small sample size. To address such concerns, we propose a novel spectral-spatial feature extraction method for HSI classification by employing graph embedding and deep learning (DL) models. Since the conventional graph cannot capture the complex manifold relationship of HSI data, and there exist the observations of within-class variation as well as the similarity between different classes in the spectral domain, we construct the supervised within-class/between-class hypergraph (SWBH) to extract the spectral features ofHSI. Since it is difficult for DL models to learn representative features for HSI data when the labeled training samples are limited, we propose the random zero settings to newly generate a large amount of labeled HSI samples for the training of convolutional neural network (CNN). The designed sample expanded CNN (SECNN) is used to extract the HSI spatial features. Thus, the spectral-spatial features of HSI can be learned by integrating the features extracted from SWBH and SECNN, respectively. Experiments on three real HSI datasets demonstrate higher classification accuracy of the proposed SWBH-SECNN method.

关键词： Hyperspectral image classification   Deep learning   Multi-grained scanning   MugNet  

摘要： In recent years, deep learning based methods have attracted broad attention in the field of hyperspectral image classification. However, due to the massive parameters and the complex network structure, deep learning methods may not perform well when only few training samples are available. In this paper, we propose a small-scale data based method, multi-grained network (MugNet), to explore the application of deep learning approaches in hyperspectral image classification. MugNet could be considered as a simplified deep learning model which mainly targets at limited samples based hyperspectral image classification. Three novel strategies are proposed to construct MugNet. First, the spectral relationship among different bands, as well as the spatial correlation within neighboring pixels, are both utilized via a multi-grained scanning approach. The proposed multi-grained scanning strategy could not only extract the joint spectral-spatial information, but also combine different grains' spectral and spatial relationship. Second, because there are abundant unlabeled pixels available in hyperspectral images, we take full advantage of these samples, and adopt a semi-supervised manner in the process of generating convolution kernels. At last, the MugNet is built upon the basis of a very simple network which does not include many hyperparameters for tuning. The performance of MugNet is evaluated on a popular and two challenging data sets, and comparison experiments with several state-of-the-art hyperspectral image classification methods are revealed. (C) 2017 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： contracting   quality improvement   pay-before-performance   pay-after-performance  

摘要： This study examines different contract forms for the supply chain with quality improvement decision and retailer price decision. We consider three types of quality improvement: cost consuming, cost identical, and cost saving, which correspond to the cases in which quality improvement leads to an increment, no change, and a decrease in production cost, respectively. We compare the performance of two types of quality contracts: (1) pay-before-performance contract, under which the supplier receives monetary support from the buyer before exerting quality improvement effort;and (2) pay-after-performance contract, under which the supplier receives monetary compensation based on the outcome of effort. We find that the performance of each contract depends on the types of quality improvement. Further, the pay-after-performance contract leads to close-to-perfect contract efficiency and dominates the pay-before-performance contract from the supplier's perspective in most cases. However, this result does not apply in two extended cases: when there are multiple competing suppliers, the pay-before-performance contract can dominate the pay-after-performance contract if quality improvement is cost consuming;and when the buyer can exert sales effort, neither contract can achieve close-to-perfect efficiency in most cases.

关键词： aerosol‐cloud interaction   vertical variations   South Asia  

摘要： Changes in anthropogenic aerosol loading affect cloud albedo and the Earth's radiative balance with a low level of scientific understanding. Aerosol-cloud interaction and its effects on climate are mainly evaluated using passive observations in a global scale. Here this study estimated the intrinsic response of clouds to aerosols by combining active and passive satellite observations from July 2006 to February 2011 in South Asia. We evaluate the average radiative forcing by the intrinsic aerosol-cloud interaction for warm liquid clouds as 0.63 +/- 0.19, -0.34 +/- 0.40, and 1.11 +/- 0.08 W/m(2) during the annual, monsoon, and nonmonsoon periods in South Asia, respectively. Relationships derived among liquid water path, cloud droplet number concentration, and consequent cloud albedo are assessed as a function of aerosol concentration. The intensity of the aerosol-cloud interaction gradually weakens with increasing cloud base height above ground level in South Asia, is associated with aerosol vertical distribution and vertical atmospheric upward motion. Moreover, distinct regional and seasonal variations in the aerosol-cloud interaction are observed for liquid water path, cloud droplet number concentration, and the resulting cloud albedo in South Asia. These variations are associated with water vapor and aerosol absorption levels. Results contribute to the understanding and modeling of aerosol-cloud interactions and determining their effects on radiative forcing and climate in South Asia.