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关键词： 政府专利奖励   知识产权能力   中小企业   企业绩效  

摘要： 为检验政府专利奖励对中小企业绩效的政策效应,以江苏省226家中小企业为研究对象,采用多元回归方法对政府专利奖励和中小企业绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究,并从创造、管理、运营、保护4个维度探讨了知识产权能力在其中的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)政府专利奖励对中小企业绩效存在正向影响;(2)企业知识产权能力有助于放大政府专利奖励对企业绩效的促进作用。研究为中小企业优化知识产权建设,提升绩效、政府建立健全专利奖励政策提供了理论依据。

关键词： 妊娠期糖尿病   糖化血红蛋白   检测价值  

摘要： 目的将妊娠期糖尿病检验中糖化血红蛋白的作用作为本次研究的论述中心,揭示糖化血红蛋白对妊娠期糖尿病患者的临床检测价值。方法依托样本分析法,样本数据来源:将2016年4月—2018年7月期间前来该院接受产前检查且本人自愿参与该次研究的150例孕妇作为研究主体。将其中75例已经确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的患者纳入研究组,将另外75名健康产妇纳入对比组中,在两组产妇的孕早期、孕中期及孕晚期分别开展糖化血红蛋白及血糖检测,观察对比两组产妇取得的结果。结果研究组产妇孕早期、孕中期及孕晚期的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及餐后2h的血糖指标均明显高于对比组,两组数据相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论为妊娠期糖尿病患者运用糖化血红蛋白检测可为临床快速诊断提供可靠依据,这种检测方法具有较为突出的特异性及敏感性,可将其作为妊娠期糖尿病患者的临床常规检测方法,推广价值高。

关键词： 电梯   门回路检测   检验   轿门关闭   层门门锁锁紧   开门到位  

摘要： 为了防止电梯作业人员维修时因门电气触点故障,在使用短接线短接层门、轿门电气触点维修后忘记拆除,从而引起电梯开门运行对乘客或电梯作业人员造成伤害,本文结合TSG T7001-2009第2号修改单附件A中第2.8项第(7)款检验内容与要求、门回路检测的设计方案和工作原理图,提出合理的检验方法:在电梯停止或检修状态下,从控制柜、轿顶或井道将轿门关闭触点、层门门锁锁紧触点或门位置检测开关分别短接,电梯在开锁区域内、轿门开启并且层门锁释放时,应监测到故障,电梯不能正常运行。

关键词： 纺锤体检查点   减数分裂   有丝分裂   纺锤体组装   细胞分裂  

摘要： 染色体精确分离是在纺锤体的正确组装和纺锤体检查点(spindle assembly checkpoint,SAC)的监控下完成的,对于哺乳动物卵母细胞来说,纺锤体的形成和SAC都是保证染色体精确分离的重要因素,如果染色体分离错误将直接导致自发性流产或其他出生缺陷。卵母细胞中心体缺失后,细胞依然能够依靠独立于中心体而围绕染色体成核的微管反向平行排列能形成双极纺锤体,即自我组装纺锤体。由微观组织中心(microtubue organizing center,MTOC)召集微管聚集,成熟促进因子(maturation promoting factor,MPF)维持两次减数分裂过程中纺锤体的形成过程,细胞静止因子(cytostatic factor,CSF)维持分裂中期结构,使纺锤体在染色体没有全部集合到赤道板时保持稳定。大体积的卵母细胞容易产生非整倍体,且卵母细胞中不含有中心体这一特殊性导致卵母细胞中是否存在SAC在很长一段时间内存在争议,但现在SAC是确保卵母细胞染色体精确分离的机制之一已被初步证明。在减数分裂中期染色体之间存在一种黏连,细胞会产生"等待-后期"信号抑制SAC活性,从而保持这种黏连稳定,直至所有染色体完成与纺锤体的连接,"等待-后期"信号失活,SAC启动,使染色体间的黏连失活,进而在纺锤体的作用下染色体分离。作者综述了减数分裂过程中纺锤体的特异性组装过程和纺锤体检查点的组成及作用机制,丰富了减数分裂的相关知识,并为减数分裂过程中非整倍体的形成机制提供依据。

关键词： 临床免疫检验   质量控制   分析  

摘要： 目的分析临床免疫检验中质量控制的作用。方法要想对临床免疫检验进行质量控制,需要从标本的采集、仪器设备的使用和检验的影响因素等方面采取不同的质控措施,分析质控前后免疫检验结果中的质量差异。结果经过质量控制后,在观察组的300例临床免疫检验中,完全治愈的有210例,完全治愈率达到70%;有效果但是没有完全治愈的有60例,显效率达到20%,完全没有效果的有30例,它的百分率为10%,没有出现死亡的情况。相比之下,在对照组的300例临床免疫检验中,经过质量控制后,出现了这样的结果 :完全治愈的有120例,百分率为40%;出现了效果但没有完全治愈的有90例,百分率为30%;完全没有效果的有90例,百分率为30%,没有发现死亡的情况。结论可以看出,观察组的治疗效果明显优于对照组(P <0.05),有效的质量控制可提高检验结果的可靠性与准确性,从而可以对临床的诊断效果起到积极的作用,最终优化治疗效果。

关键词： 合法形式   非法目的   目的   动机   间接违法  

摘要： 《民法通则》与《合同法》中“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”的规定不应将其解释为以“掩盖"为特征的脱法行为,更不是侧重调整意思表示故意不一致的虚伪行为,该项规定有其独立的法律意义。它所调整的是当事人交易实质目的或动机的不法性对法律行为效力的影响。解释上应认为这是独立于法律行为客观不法条款外的主观不法的调整规范,具有独立的法律意义。《民法总则》将其删除的做法将使法律从主观不法性方面对法律行为效力调控的功能荡然无存,未来合同法编的立法应保留这一条款之规定,以凸显民法对于主观不法、间接不法的调控价值。

关键词： Angiosperms   DNA barcoding   Genetic distances   Herbarium collections   Native and introduced species   Sample age effect  

摘要： We have produced DNA barcodes for Finnish plant taxa. In this study, we specifically report the barcoding success for herbarium materials varying widely in age, also paying attention on success rate variation and genetic distances among different plant families. Additionally, we investigated whether the level of intraspecific variation differs between native and introduced species. The specimens had been collected between years 1867 and 2013. Among all studied specimens, the average success rates for any barcode (matK or rbcL), rbcL, matK and both barcodes equaled 81, 79, 55 and 53%, respectively, and among species (at least one specimen per species barcoded successfully) 95, 95, 74 and 73%, respectively. We found significant age effects on the barcoding success, the greatest decline being visible in over 100-year-old samples. Plant families showed differences in overall success rates and sample age effects, as well as in intraspecific and interspecific variation levels, while the average level of intraspecific variation appeared similar among native and introduced species. Besides being valuable for the identification of species, DNA barcoding with sufficient sampling is also a tool to investigate specific evolutionary questions, such as biogeographic patterns or the adaptive capacity of invasive and other alien plant species.

关键词： Approximate unconditional method   double-sampling scheme   imperfect gold standard   sample size determination   score test  

摘要： Double sampling is usually applied to collect necessary information for situations in which an infallible classifier is available for validating a subset of the sample that has already been classified by a fallible classifier. Inference procedures have previously been developed based on the partially validated data obtained by the double-sampling process. However, it could happen in practice that such infallible classifier or gold standard does not exist. In this article, we consider the case in which both classifiers are fallible and propose asymptotic and approximate unconditional test procedures based on six test statistics for a population proportion and five approximate sample size formulas based on the recommended test procedures under two models. Our results suggest that both asymptotic and approximate unconditional procedures based on the score statistic perform satisfactorily for small to large sample sizes and are highly recommended. When sample size is moderate or large, asymptotic procedures based on the Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, likelihood rate statistic, log- and logit-transformation statistics based on both models generally perform well and are hence recommended. The approximate unconditional procedures based on the log-transformation statistic under Model I, Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, log- and logit-transformation statistics under Model II are recommended when sample size is small. In general, sample size formulae based on the Wald statistic with the variance being estimated under the null hypothesis, likelihood rate statistic and score statistic are recommended in practical applications. The applicability of the proposed methods is illustrated by a real-data example.

关键词： SVM classification and regression   iron ore   machine vision system   dry and wet sample image  

摘要： The aim of the present study is to analysing the effect of water absorption on iron ore samples in the performances of SVM-based machine vision system. Two types of SVM-based machine vision system (classification and regression) were designed and developed, and performances were compared with dry and wet ore sample images. The images of the ore samples were captured in both the conditions (wet and dry) to examine the proposed model performance. A total of 280 image features were extracted and optimised using sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) algorithm for model development. The iron ore samples were collected from an Indian iron ore mine (Guamine), and image capturing system was fabricated in the laboratory for executing the proposed study. The results indicated that a different set of optimised features obtained for dry and wet sample images in both the models (classification and regression). Furthermore, the performance of both the models with dry sample images was found to be relatively better than the wet sample images.