教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 护理   医学检验   质量管理  

摘要： 分析临床护理工作在医学检验质量管理中的作用。方法:我院自2016年起;在医学检验工作当中采用护理干预方法;在2015年1月~12月(并未采取护理干预方法)我院临床检验科收到的检验样本中随机选择1000份作为实验对照组;另外在2016年1月~12月(实施护理干预方法)我院临床检验科收到的检验样本中随机选择1000份作为实验的观察组。分别统计各阶段检验样本当中不合格样本数量。结果:在医学检验质量管理当中采用护理干预后;检验样本不合格率0.3%相比较于采用护理干预之前的不合格发生率1.4%有明显降低;差异值有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:临床护理工作在医学检验质量管理当中的应用具有重要意义。

关键词： Muscle contraction   Muscle   Smooth   Phosphorylation   Contractile proteins   Integrins   Proximity ligation assay  

摘要： Antibody-based in situ proximity ligation assays (isPLA) have the potential to study protein phosphorylation and protein interactions with spatial resolution in intact tissues. However, the application of isPLA at the tissue level is limited by a lack of appropriate positive and negative controls and the difficulty in accounting for changes in tissue shape. Here we demonstrate a set of experimental and computational approaches using gastric fundus smooth muscles to improve the validity of quantitative isPLA. Appropriate positive and negative biological controls and PLA technical controls were selected to ensure experimental rigor. To account for changes in morphology between relaxed and contracted smooth muscles, target PLA spots were normalized to smooth muscle myosin light chain 20 PLA spots or the cellular cross-sectional areas. We describe the computational steps necessary to filter out false-positive improperly sized spots and set the thresholds for counting true positive PLA spots to quantify the PLA signals. We tested our approach by examining protein phosphorylation and protein interactions in smooth muscle myofilament Ca2+ sensitization pathways from resting and contracted gastric fundus smooth muscles. In conclusion, our tissue-level isPLA method enables unbiased quantitation of protein phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions in intact smooth muscle tissues, suggesting the potential for quantitative isPLA applications in other types of intact tissues.

摘要： Motivation Learning associations of traits with the microbial composition of a set of samples is a fundamental goal in microbiome studies. Recently, machine learning methods have been explored for this goal, with some promise. However, in comparison to other fields, microbiome data are high-dimensional and not abundant;leading to a high-dimensional low-sample-size under-determined system. Moreover, microbiome data are often unbalanced and biased. Given such training data, machine learning methods often fail to perform a classification task with sufficient accuracy. Lack of signal is especially problematic when classes are represented in an unbalanced way in the training data;with some classes under-represented. The presence of inter-correlations among subsets of observations further compounds these issues. As a result, machine learning methods have had only limited success in predicting many traits from microbiome. Data augmentation consists of building synthetic samples and adding them to the training data and is a technique that has proved helpful for many machine learning tasks. Results In this paper, we propose a new data augmentation technique for classifying phenotypes based on the microbiome. Our algorithm, called TADA, uses available data and a statistical generative model to create new samples augmenting existing ones, addressing issues of low-sample-size. In generating new samples, TADA takes into account phylogenetic relationships between microbial species. On two real datasets, we show that adding these synthetic samples to the training set improves the accuracy of downstream classification, especially when the training data have an unbalanced representation of classes. Availability and implementation TADA is available at https://***/tada-alg/TADA. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

关键词： Forests   Habitats   Soil ecology   Plants   Denmark   Fungi   Forensics   Crime  

摘要： Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly applied in ecological studies, including studies with the primary purpose of criminal investigation, in which eDNA from soil can be used to pair samples or reveal sample provenance. We collected soil eDNA samples as part of a large national biodiversity research project across 130 sites in Denmark. We investigated the potential for soil eDNA metabarcoding in predicting provenance in terms of environmental conditions, habitat type and geographic regions. We used linear regression for predicting environmental gradients of light, soil moisture, pH and nutrient status (represented by Ellenberg Indicator Values, EIVs) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) to predict habitat type and geographic region. eDNA data performed relatively well as a predictor of environmental gradients (R-2 > 0.81). Its ability to discriminate between habitat types was variable, with high accuracy for certain forest types and low accuracy for heathland, which was poorly predicted. Geographic region was also less accurately predicted by eDNA. We demonstrated the application of provenance prediction in forensic science by evaluating and discussing two mock crime scenes. Here, we listed the plant species from annotated sequences, which can further aid in identifying the likely habitat or, in case of rare species, a geographic region. Predictions of environmental gradients and habitat types together give an overall accurate description of a crime scene, but care should be taken when interpreting annotated sequences, e.g. due to erroneous assignments in GenBank. Our approach demonstrates that important habitat properties can be derived from soil eDNA, and exemplifies a range of potential applications of eDNA in forensic ecology.

关键词： 新式仪器   微生物检验   作用   问题  

摘要： 疾控中心的一个最重要的工作就是对微生物的检验,现阶段县疾控中心对微生物的检验过程越来越成熟,从技术层面上整个微生物检验伤离不开一定的仪器设备充分发挥出关键的作用,所以文章从新式仪器的角度探究微生物检验过程中的主要问题。以新式仪器对微生物的检验的有关问题为主要研究方向,探究新式仪器对微生物检验的主要作用,以及主要的新式仪器在进行微生物检验过程中存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题,提出一定的可行性策略,从而更好的推动微生物检验过程以及水平的不断提升。

关键词： 卡式微柱凝胶技术   血型鉴定   红细胞不规则抗体检验  

摘要： 目的探讨卡式微柱凝胶技术在ABO和RhD血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验中的作用。方法选择2015年1月~2018年1月本院接收的行卡式微柱凝胶技术和试管法法鉴定的6500例输血患者作为研究对象,均行ABO和RhD血型鉴定、输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验等,观察两种方法检测结果。结果卡式微柱凝胶技术ABO和RhD血型鉴定一次准确率分别为99.72%、99.83%,均显著高于试管法98.78%、99.57%,P<0.05;卡式微柱凝胶技术不规则抗体检出率1.05%,试管法不规则抗体检出率0.54%,差异显著,P<0.05;两种方法共检出113例不规则抗体阳性患者,其中血液科36例、肾病科30例、感染科31例、其他科室16例;其中输血史98例。结论在ABO和RhD血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验中采用卡式微柱凝胶技术具有较高的价值,操作简单且准确率高,确保预防溶血性输血不良反应的发生,保证输血安全,检验价值较高。

关键词： 化学试剂分类   食品药品检验机构   化学试剂管理   作用研究  

摘要： 本文分析了危险品化学试剂与非危险品化学试剂的分类方式,对其提出了不同的贮藏方式,并分析了对化学试剂进行分类的重要意义,便于化学试剂的选购,优化化学试剂的分类储藏和保管,促进化学试剂的正确配制与使用,方便废弃化学试剂分类销毁,对化学试剂的正确使用创造了有效条件。

关键词： 人民币价值   实证研究   货币选择   人民币国际化   国际货币体系   计价   海外   国际金融投资  

摘要： 一、引言2009年4月,国务院决定在上海市及广东省内四城市正式开展跨境贸易人民币结算试点,人民币国际化进程迈出了重要的第一步。此后,人民币国际化发展势头迅猛。在2016年年末,人民币加入SDR,这不仅加快了我国金融改革的进程,也促进了国际货币体系的多元化,在扩大SDR的影响力与吸引力方面发挥了重要作用。然而,较之当前主要国际货币,如美元、欧元等,人民币国际化的活跃领域多集中在贸易结算与离岸市场,然而在国际金融投资(如金融资产交易、储备货币)中作用相对有限。

关键词： PPP   “一带一路”   基础设施   私人成本  

摘要： “一带一路”沿线的发展中国家自20世纪末开始广泛采用PPP模式建设基础设施。分析过去近三十年的PPP模式对基础设施效率的促进作用,不仅是对沿线国家过去PPP模式效果的检验,同时对未来“一带一路”建设中PPP模式的应用也具有指导意义。本文首先对沿线43个发展中国家2000-2016年ICT基础设施效率水平进行测算,然后采用Tobit模型对PPP项目数量对ICT基础设施效率的促进作用进行实证检验。结果表明,沿线国家PPP投资额与基础设施效率显著正相关,将基础设施效率进行Malmquist指数分解后发现,私人资本参与基础设施建设和运营对基础设施效率和社会福利改善具有更强相关性。同时由于私人资本的参与更多的是带来规模效应,通过新建基础设施促进贸易和生产要素流动进而提升基础设施效率和社会福利水平,说明在未来“一带一路”建设中,私人部门参与基础设施建设仍有广阔提升空间。