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关键词： 人民群众   司法改革   司法体制改革   红利   享受   法院院长   司法为民   公正司法  

摘要： 2017年是全面深化司法体制改革的决战之年。回望2016攻坚之年，在最高人民法院院长周强的领导下，全国各级法院司法体制改革的众多举措取得了诸多成效，无一不体现了司法为民、公正司法、方便群众诉讼的指导思想和理念。

关键词： POLICE   CRIMINAL justice policy   REFORMS   JUDICIAL reform   CRIME  

摘要： Research Summary Despite significant national reductions in crime during the past three decades, a comparable reduction in adult arrest rates has not occurred. In addition, scant attention has been paid to the role of the police in pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts, despite their role as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. A key inquiry that must be addressed by both academics and practitioners is whether it is possible to reduce crime and the number of arrests simultaneously. Cincinnati (Hamilton County), Ohio, provided a unique opportunity to examine this unanswered question when it closed the Queensgate Correctional Facility in 2008, thereby reducing the available jail space in the county by 36%. By relying on an interrupted time-series analysis, our findings show that contrary to public concern, both crime and arrests were reduced in Cincinnati even after the jail closure. Specifically, the Cincinnati Police Department reported a statistically significant decrease in felony arrests, and a nonsignificant decline in misdemeanor arrests, while maintaining a continued (nonsignificant) decline in violence and property crimes. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that the previous existent downward trend in Cincinnati reported crimes was not interrupted with the loss of more than one third of the available jail space in Hamilton County. Policy Implications Policy makers and practitioners are concerned with balancing the individual rights of the accused with public safety;reducing incarceration;and promoting a more efficient, effective, and fair criminal justice system. The Cincinnati Police Department addressed these fundamental concerns by changing how officers viewed the use of arrest: as a limited commodity rather than as a standard response. By using strategies such as problem-oriented policing, place-based policing, and focused deterrence, Cincinnati Police were able to narrow their focus on the repeat places, problems, and group

关键词： enforced measures   healthcare workers   influenza   nosocomial infection   qualitative research   vaccination  

摘要： BackgroundDespite studies demonstrating that the annual influenza vaccination of healthcare workers reduces morbidity and mortality among vulnerable patients, vaccination rates remain very low, particularly in nursing staff. Educational programmes have failed to improve rates, which has led to a diverse range of enforced approaches being advocated and implemented. ObjectivesTo examine the attitudes of non-vaccinated nursing staff towards various enforced measures aimed at increasing rates of influenza vaccination. MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 18 non-vaccinated nurses, working in units with high-risk patients at two hospitals in Switzerland. Analysis of interviews was done using conventional content analysis. ResultsNurses were critical of enforced measures. However, measures that include an element of choice were perceived as more acceptable. Declination forms and mandatory vaccinations as part of the employment requirements were found to be the most accepted measures. ConclusionThe perception of choice is crucial to the acceptance of a measure. Respect for choice and autonomy has a positive effect on behavioural change. Mandatory influenza vaccination as a condition of new (and perhaps ongoing) employment could be a feasible, effective and ethical measure to increase vaccination rates among nurses who oppose vaccination.

关键词： sentencing   punishment   criminal justice policy   public opinion   incarceration   reform  

摘要： In recent years, the rhetoric surrounding criminal justice policy has increasingly emphasized reform, rather than being "tough on crime." Although this change in rhetoric is aimed at building public support for reform, little is known about its efficacy. To test the efficacy of reform rhetoric, I conducted an Internet experiment using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of six message conditions or to a control condition (no message) and then asked their views about eliminating the use of incarceration for select nonviolent offenses. Results from ordinal logistic regression models suggest that message frames that appeal to a respondent's self-interest or emphasize the unfairness of the punishment (not who is punished) tend to be most effective.

关键词： 民事再审制度   当事人   比较研究   检察院   再审之诉   回复原状之诉   再审程序   民事诉讼法   无效之诉   审级制度   再审事由   再审理由  

摘要： 即使是专业水准和职业道德极高的法官也可能基于审判当时有限的证据材料而无法作出最为公正、合理的裁判,再审便是纠正已经发生法律效力的错误裁判、对案件重新审理的程序,它不属于正常审级制度的一级,而是一种特殊的纠错程序。作为既判力原则的例外,其启动不应普遍化。司法的两大价值,公正与效率,是即统一又对立的,在有限的审理期间实现裁判公平是法官职业群体的追求,法官在法定的审理期限内在庭审之前还要完成立案登记、文书送达。