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关键词： Computer simulations   Technology-enhanced scaffolding   Technology-enhanced feedback   Cognitive development   Authentic problem-solving   Sensemaking  

摘要： Constructivist learning theories consider deep understanding of the content to be the result of engagement in relevant learning activities with appropriate scaffolding that provides the learner with timely and substantive feedback. However, any group of students has a variety of levels of knowledge and cognitive development, which makes providing appropriate individual-level scaffolding and feedback challenging in the classroom. Computer simulations can help meet this challenge by providing technology-enhanced embedded scaffolding and feedback via specific simulation design. The use of computer simulations does not, however, guarantee development of deep science understanding. Careful research-driven design of the simulation and the accompanying teaching structure both play critical roles in achieving the desired learning outcomes. In this paper, we discuss the capabilities of computer simulations and the issues that can impact the learning outcomes when combining technology-enhanced scaffolding and feedback with external teaching structures. We conclude with suggestions of promising research avenues on simulation design and their use in the classroom to help students achieve deep science understanding.

关键词： Motivation  

摘要： Contribution: This article analyzes learning and motivational impact of teacher-authored educational video games on computer science education and compares its effectiveness in both face-to-face and online (remote) formats. This work presents comparative data and findings obtained from 217 students who played the game in a face-to-face format (control group) and 104 students who played the game in an online format (experimental group). Background: Serious video games have been proven effective at computer science education, however it is still unknown whether the effectiveness of these games is the same regardless of their format, face-to-face or online. Moreover, the usage of games created through authoring tools has barely been explored. Research questions: Are teacher-authored educational video games effective in terms of learning and motivation for computer science students? Does the effectiveness of teacher-authored educational video games depend on whether they are used in a face-to-face or online format? Methodology: A quasi-experiment has been conducted by using three instruments (pre-test, post-test and questionnaire) with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of Game-Based Learning in face-to-face and online formats. A total of 321 computer science students played a teacher-authored educational video game aimed to learn about software design. Findings: The results reveal that teacher-authored educational video games are highly effective in terms of knowledge acquisition and motivation both in face-to-face and online formats. The results also show that some students’ perceptions were more positive when a face-to-face format was used. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Education computing  

摘要： A new dataset (N = 7,456) analyzes women’s research authorship in the Association for Computing Machinery’s founding 13 Special Interest Groups or SIGs, a proxy for computer science. ACM SIGs expanded during 1970-2000;each experienced increasing women’s authorship. But diversity abounds. Several SIGs had fewer than 10% women authors while SIGUCCS (university computing centers) exceeded 40%. Three SIGs experienced accelerating growth in women’s authorship;most, including composite ACM, had decelerating growth. This research may encourage reform efforts, often focusing on general education or workforce factors (across "computer science"), to examine under-studied dynamics within computer science that shaped changes in women’s participation. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Sleep deprivation   Machine learning   Construction safety   Construction workers   Safety performance  

摘要： Sleep deprivation is a critical issue that affects workers in numerous industries, including construction. It adversely affects workers and can lead to significant concerns regarding their health, safety, and overall job performance. Several studies have investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on safety and productivity. Although the impact of sleep deprivation on safety and productivity through cognitive impairment has been investigated, research on the association of sleep deprivation and contributing factors that lead to workplace hazards and injuries remains limited. To fill this gap in the literature, this study utilized machine learning algorithms to predict hazardous situations. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the applicability of machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine and random forest, by predicting sleep deprivation in construction workers based on responses from 240 construction workers, identifying seven primary indices as predictive factors. The findings indicate that the support vector machine algorithm produced superior sleep deprivation prediction outcomes during the validation process. The study findings offer significant benefits to stakeholders in the construction industry, particularly project and safety managers. By enabling the implementation of targeted interventions, these insights can help reduce accidents and improve workplace safety through the timely and accurate prediction of sleep deprivation.

关键词： Technology   Machine learning   Computer science  

摘要： Loss functions measure algorithmic errors in artificial-intelligence models, but there's more than one way to do that. Here's why the right function is so important.

关键词： FDS   frustration   distress tolerance   CS novices  

摘要： Among students and lecturers of Computer Science (CS)-related subjects, there is often anecdotal talk that Frustration Tolerance (FT) is a requirement for success in CS studies or that students would learn it during their studies. In order to relate the anecdotal perception and the psychological concept of FT and to explore the anecdotal narratives, the Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) and self-assessment among other factors were conducted with students from a university CS1 course at two times. There seems to be no effect from one semester of CS on FT and no actual differences in prerequisites, although further studies will be needed. Students with extensive prior knowledge, male students and students in low CS-related majors rate their FT as higher than the opposite groups at the beginning of the course. Lecturers should reconsider the use of the term as it may support negative feelings related to Imposter Syndrome.

关键词： 计算机科学   多模态传播   自然语言处理  

摘要： 当今时代,计算机科学在多模态传播领域的应用日益显著。多模态传播不是简单地将文字和图片进行结合,还涵盖了声音、视频、动画等多种形式的整合与交互。这种融合不仅改变了信息的传递方式,还深刻影响着用户体验和社会互动模式。基于此,本文讨论了多模态传播背景下的计算机科学的应用价值,介绍了多模态传播背景下的计算机科学技术,阐述了计算机科学技术的应用与创新以及未来的发展趋势,以供参考。

关键词： 地方高等学校   计算机学科   研究生教育   创新能力培养  

摘要： 为解决地方高等学校计算机类研究生创新能力培养过程中优质资源偏少、生源质量欠佳的问题,针对地方高校研究生培养具备的条件、计算机学科研究生培养的特点进行分析,提出从基础知识储备积累、内部学术交流协作、外部科研环境支撑、个人潜能特性和学术成果验证5个方面,对计算机类研究生进行创新能力培养的探索和思考。通过调研进一步确认了相关因素对研究生创新能力培养的影响程度,并对后续工作提出了建议。

关键词： Navigation   Decision making   Trajectory   Autonomous vehicles   Robots   Roads   Computer science  

摘要： The development of a fully autonomous driving vehicle (AV) requires various traffic situations to be handled efficiently. One of the most common driving maneuvers that an AV experiences in daily traffic is giving way (yielding) to other traffic participants. In this article, we propose a simple yet efficient method of yielding that does not query yielding areas of interest from map application programming interface (API) making it hassle free to use without having to rely on digitized yielding areas. We incorporated our method into one of the well-known open-source autonomy stacks called Autoware. The proposed method makes use of high-definition (HD) map elements, including lanes and stop lines for filtering vehicles that participate in yielding decision-making. Our method estimates future collisions of filtered vehicles of interest (VOIs) with AV’s planned trajectory and outputs a binary yielding decision for ego vehicle. Our method covers different yielding areas, including a roundabout and an unprotected turn. We tested and evaluated the decision-making of our method on various simulated scenarios, and afterward, successful real-world tests were conducted using an in-house AV. An in-depth analysis of our approach shows that the proposed yielding solution works reasonably well, i.e., 87% successful yielding area navigation ratio on real data.

关键词： 北京黑猪   脂肪前体细胞   成脂诱导分化   成熟脂肪细胞   三维培养   细胞培育肉  

摘要： 旨在建立北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞的分离培养及成脂诱导分化培养体系,为研究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制提供试验材料,为生物培育肉的制备提供技术指导。本研究采集1头7日龄健康的北京黑猪公猪的颈部皮下脂肪组织,使用机械法联合I型胶原酶消化法分离脂肪前体细胞。对获得的脂肪前体细胞进行形态观察、生长曲线绘制、免疫荧光鉴定、成脂诱导分化、油红O染色、BODIPY染色、甘油三酯含量测定及使用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测成脂分化相关基因的表达。结果表明,分离的北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞贴壁后呈长梭形,细胞生长曲线呈S型。免疫荧光结果表明,PREF1表达为阳性,表明分离的细胞的确为脂肪前体细胞。在相同的诱导试剂组合条件下,使用10%FBS比2%FBS成脂诱导分化效果更好。在相同血清浓度的情况下,鸡尾酒法与油酸钠、罗格列酮共同联用的细胞分化效果较好。分化8 d的细胞中出现大量的脂滴,脂滴经油红O染色呈红色,经BODIPY染色呈绿色。且分化8 d的细胞中甘油三酯的含量显著升高(P<0.001)。qPCR结果显示,PPARγ、CEBPα、ACCα、LPL、SCD和FABP4在分化2 d时表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),4~6 d达到高峰,8 d时表达量降低。Western blot结果表明,PPARγ、CEBPα、FABP4、APN在细胞分化过程中表达逐渐上调。PREF1在细胞分化过程中表达逐渐下调。在三维培养情况下,使用10%FBS,鸡尾酒法与油酸钠、罗格列酮共同联用也能使脂肪前体细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,分化8 d的细胞中脂滴经BODIPY和油红O染色后分别呈绿色和红色,且PPARγ、CEBPα、ACCα、LPL、SCD和FABP4在分化8 d的细胞中的表达量显著上调(P<0.001)。综上所述,本研究成功建立了北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞的分离与培养体系,并筛选出适合二维和三维培养的成脂诱导分化方法,为进一步研究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制和改善肉品质奠定基础,也为细胞培育肉的制备提供技术指导。