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关键词： 计算机科学与技术   现代化   应用措施  

摘要： 随着信息技术的飞速发展,计算机科学与技术已广泛应用于各个领域。文章探讨了计算机科学与技术在档案管理、医院管理、农业机械管理及教育领域等现代化应用,分析了这些应用中存在的问题,并提出了相应的优化措施,旨在为推动计算机科学与技术的进一步发展提供参考。

关键词： Predictive models   Data models   Accuracy   Deep learning   Real-time systems   Process mining   Computer science   predictive analysis   process discovery   activity suffix   event logs  

摘要： Process mining, a burgeoning discipline within data science, demonstrates a significant contribution to the software development lifecycle of diverse real-time consumer-centric projects. This paper underscores the prominence of integrating predictive business process monitoring into organizational process models, as it can substantially impact profits and efficiency in any possible business domain along with improving services to consumers. The paper proposes a novel deep learning-based business process prediction model consisting of multiple layers with fine-tuning hyperparameters. The proposed model leverages input embeddings to represent each of the activities, and based on the training of the proposed model, the accuracy of the next activity is calculated. To assess the efficacy of the proposed model, it has been compared with the existing benchmark models. Our proposed model has shown a significant gain over the existing approaches. The results show that the proposed model outperforms these approaches by achieving an accuracy of 76% on the consumer helpdesk dataset along with an accuracy of 78% on the benchmark BPI dataset.

关键词： Training   Pipelines   Vectors   Task analysis   Semantics   Computer science   Iterative methods   Multiple instance learning   whole slide image   weakly-supervised learning   deep learning  

摘要： Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has demonstrated promise in Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, a major challenge persists due to the high computational cost associated with processing these gigapixel images. Existing methods generally adopt a two-stage approach, comprising a non-learnable feature embedding stage and a classifier training stage. Though it can greatly reduce memory consumption by using a fixed feature embedder pre-trained on other domains, such a scheme also results in a disparity between the two stages, leading to suboptimal classification accuracy. To address this issue, we propose that a bag-level classifier can be a good instance-level teacher. Based on this idea, we design Iteratively Coupled Multiple Instance Learning (ICMIL) to couple the embedder and the bag classifier at a low cost. ICMIL initially fixes the patch embedder to train the bag classifier, followed by fixing the bag classifier to fine-tune the patch embedder. The refined embedder can then generate better representations in return, leading to a more accurate classifier for the next iteration. To realize more flexible and more effective embedder fine-tuning, we also introduce a teacher-student framework to efficiently distill the category knowledge in the bag classifier to help the instance-level embedder fine-tuning. Intensive experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets to validate the effectiveness of ICMIL. The experimental results consistently demonstrated that our method significantly improves the performance of existing MIL backbones, achieving state-of-the-art results. The code and the organized datasets can be accessed by: https://***/Dootmaan/ICMIL/tree/confidence-based.

摘要： The anti-apartheid movement in South Africa has conventionally been portrayed as a struggle for political rights, yet, in his new book, African historian Robert Ross instead argues that anti-apartheid was also a struggle for consumption. The white minority regime, through a political-economic system elsewhere aptly described as 'credit Apartheid',1for decades denied South Africa's vast Black population the consumption of modern consumer items, such as kitchen appliances, furniture and clothing. In the wake of broader global economic trends, modern consumption at the white end of the apartheid ethnic fissure thrived, however, fuelling consumption aspirations among the Black population. This brought about social tensions that culminated in armed resistance, and, eventually, in the demise of the apartheid *** important analytical question that Ross addresses is whether Black South Africans were merely mimicking white consumption styles and therefore developed a derivate consumer culture, or whether they developed something of their own. It is seductive to argue the former. After all, the white minority population fully controlled the national economy and thus the distribution of consumer items to the Black population. Also, Black South Africans during the apartheid decades, who often served in subservient roles such as cleaners, gardeners, guards and nannies, had access to white South African homes. On a regular basis, they witnessed with their own eyes the material evidence of modern consumer society, presenting an ironic case of 'window shopping'.Being a historian, Ross probes deeper into the country's past and discovers something else. Already early into apartheid, Ross shows, marketing companies had discovered that the purchasing power of Black South Africans was steadily rising – though obviously not as quickly as that of whites, but certainly far above levels recorded elsewhere on the continent. Black people spent their wages on consumer items, rather than

关键词： mulberry   virus elimination   tissue culture   meristem culture   thermotherapy   chemotherapy   cryotherapy  

摘要： Obtaining virus-free plants is a crucial step in disease management that enables reliable and profitable fruit farming. The present study applied various in vitro virus elimination protocols, including apical shoot culture, chemotherapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and their combination, to eliminate black mulberry Idaeovirus (BMIV) from sour black mulberry. First, a shoot tip (0.5-2 mm) culture protocol was optimized, and four ribavirin concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L) were investigated over five weeks as a form of chemotherapy (ch). For the first thermotherapy treatment (Ch + Th1st), chemotherapy treatment was followed by a gradual increase in the temperature (24-33 degrees C). In another experiment (Th2nd + Ch), in vitro shoots were incubated in the dark for two weeks at two different temperatures (35 +/- 1 degrees C and 37 +/- 1 degrees C, for one week each). Subsequently, the shoot tips were incubated with various ribavirin doses. Finally, cryotherapy (Cr) was used with or without immersing the shoot tips in liquid nitrogen. A two-step RT-PCR was performed to assess the presence of the virus in 7-8-week-old in vitro plants. Th2nd + Ch significantly increased the shoot tip burst and plant survival/morphogenesis compared to the other treatments. Except for the application of cryotherapy, the protocols eliminated BMIV in different proportions, and the highest virus elimination rate (50%) was obtained by applying 30 mg/L ribavirin during the Ch + Th1st treatment. These findings are essential in preventing the dissemination of the virus and enabling the safe movement of germplasm around the world.

关键词： children   cancer   physical activity   quality of life   interactive video game  

摘要： Objectives: The study aimed to assess the impact of interactive video games (IVGs) as a form of physical activity (PA) on the quality of life. Methods: The study used a quality-of-life questionnaire (KIDSCREEN-10) and the HBSC questionnaire. In order to determine individual IVGs training parameters, an initial assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness level was performed, using the Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Test-Godfrey's progressive protocol. Children in the intervention group participated in 12 interval training sessions using IVGs (Microsoft's Xbox 360 S console with Kinect,). Results: The study included 21 patients (7-13 years old;12 boys and 9 girls) treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 13) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8). Before the IVGs, all children had insufficient PA levels (90% of children in the intervention group and 90.91% of children in the control group did not engage in any PA during the last 7 days). After the intervention, 80% of the children in the IVGs group undertook PA lasting at least 60 min a day, three times a week. They exhibited better well-being, a subjective feeling of improved physical fitness (p < 0.0001), a greater subjective sense of strength and energy (p < 0.0001), and less feeling of sadness (p = 0.0016) than the children from the control group (p = 0.0205). Conclusions: The results of our study confirmed that an attractive form of virtual game or sport is willingly undertaken by children undergoing cancer treatment, and has significant benefits in improving the quality-of-life parameters. There is a clear need to create specific recommendations and rehabilitation models for children with cancer.

关键词： Computer science   Gradient boosting   Decision tree   Gated recurrent network   Regional economy  

摘要： This study evaluates the catalytic effects of advanced manufacturing industry clusters and unified large markets on regional economic development from a computer science perspective, revealing their underlying mechanisms. It employs a Gated Recurrent Network (GRN) model optimized with Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) technology to conduct empirical analysis through comprehensive data collection and analysis. The primary objectives are to assess these catalytic effects, highlight the importance of innovation and environmental indicators, determine the contribution levels of various factors, and test the computational fit and predictive accuracy of the model. Key findings indicate that the GBDT-GRN model demonstrates a significant improvement in data computation accuracy, ranging from 20% to 52%, and an increase in response time by 23% to 52%. The model achieves a computational fit of 92% to 99% when analyzing regional economic development. The proposed GBDT-GRN model is highly accurate and reliable in evaluating catalytic effects, providing strong support for policy-making and business decision-making. Innovation and environmental indicators play a crucial role, with varying contributions from different factors. This study offers an effective solution for sequence data prediction problems, supports policy-making and business decisions, and points to promising directions for future research.

关键词： Video surveillance   Brain modeling   Consumer products   Consumer electronics   Mathematical models   Computer science   Performance evaluation   Consumer products detection   video surveillance   feature fusion   spider monkey optimization   deep learning  

摘要： Video surveillance systems have been instrumental in the consumer electronics industry, providing advanced functionalities such as product detection. This system utilizes sophisticated techniques to analyze real-time video feeds, enabling us to detect and track different objects, like products. By incorporating product detection abilities into video surveillance technology, consumers may improve security measures while gaining meaningful information in personalized advertising, inventory management, and retail analytics. This convergence of product detection and video surveillance opens new possibilities for businesses to optimize customer experiences, operations, and security. By leveraging deep learning (DL) for product detection, companies can provide enhanced consumer experiences, improve efficiency, and streamline operations. The incorporation of DL into video surveillance systems represented a breakthrough in the intersection of technology and security within the consumer electronics field. This study develops a new feature fusion technique with deep learning-based next-generation consumer products detection (FFDL-NGCPD) on video surveillance monitoring systems. The main aim of the FFDL-NGCPD system is to detect and classify consumer products. In the FFDL-NGCPD technique, a feature fusion process comprises two DL models: ShuffleNet and MobileNet. To improve the performance of the FFDL-NGCPD technique, the spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm is applied for the hyperparameter selection process. Finally, an extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier recognizes the various consumer products. The performance evaluation of the FFDL-NGCPD approach is verified utilizing a benchmark dataset. An extensive comprehensive study underlined the enhanced detection results of the FFDL-NGCPD technique.

关键词： Task analysis   Trajectory   Costs   Crowdsourcing   Computer science   Planning   Industries   Spatial crowdsourcing   task assignment   task coalition   trajectory  

摘要： With the popularity of GPS-equipped smart devices, spatial crowdsourcing (SC) techniques have attracted growing attention in both academia and industry. A fundamental problem in SC is assigning location-based tasks to workers under spatial-temporal constraints. In many real-life applications, workers choose tasks on the basis of their preferred trajectories. However, by existing trajectory-aware task assignment approaches, tasks assigned to a worker may be far apart from each other, resulting in a higher detour cost as the worker needs to deviate from the original trajectory more often than necessary. Motivated by the above observations, we investigate a trajectory-aware task coalition assignment (TCA) problem and prove it to be NP-hard. The goal is to maximize the number of assigned tasks by assigning task coalitions to workers based on their preferred trajectories. For tackling the TCA problem, we develop a batch-based three-stage framework consisting of task grouping, planning, and assignment. First, we design greedy and spanning grouping approaches to generate task coalitions. Second, to gain candidate task coalitions for each worker efficiently, we design task-based and trajectory-based pruning strategies to reduce the search space. Furthermore, a 2-approximate algorithm, termed MST-Euler, is proposed to obtain a route among each worker and task coalition with a minimal detour cost. Third, the MST-Euler Greedy (MEG) algorithm is presented to compute an assignment that results in the maximal number of tasks assigned and a parallel strategy is introduced to boost its efficiency. Extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： computer science   laser processing   machine learning   artificial intelligence   modeling   simulation   diffractive optical elements   intelligent systems  

摘要： This article examines the role of computer science in enhancing laser processing techniques, emphasizing the transformative potential of their integration into manufacturing. It discusses key areas where computational methods enhance the precision, adaptability, and performance of laser operations. Through advanced modeling and simulation techniques, a deeper understanding of material behavior under laser irradiation was achieved, enabling the optimization of processing parameters and a reduction in defects. The role of intelligent control systems, driven by machine learning and artificial intelligence, was examined, showcasing how a real-time data analysis and adjustments lead to improved process reliability and quality. The utilization of computer-generated diffractive optical elements (DOEs) was emphasized as a means to precisely control laser beam characteristics, thus broadening the application opportunities across various industries. Additionally, the significance of predictive modeling and data analyses in enhancing manufacturing effectiveness and sustainability is discussed. While challenges such as the need for specialized expertise and investment in new technologies persist, this article underscores the considerable advantages of integrating computer science with laser processing. Future research should aim to address these challenges, further improving the quality, adaptability, and sustainability of manufacturing processes.