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关键词： Computer science   Electrical and electronic engineering  

摘要： Optical computing promises to improve the speed and energy efficiency of machine learning applications1-6. However, current approaches to efficiently train these models are limited by in silico emulation on digital computers. Here we develop a method called fully forward mode (FFM) learning, which implements the compute-intensive training process on the physical system. The majority of the machine learning operations are thus efficiently conducted in parallel on site, alleviating numerical modelling constraints. In free-space and integrated photonics, we experimentally demonstrate optical systems with state-of-the-art performances for a given network size. FFM learning shows training the deepest optical neural networks with millions of parameters achieves accuracy equivalent to the ideal model. It supports all-optical focusing through scattering media with a resolution of the diffraction limit;it can also image in parallel the objects hidden outside the direct line of sight at over a kilohertz frame rate and can conduct all-optical processing with light intensity as weak as subphoton per pixel (5.40 x 1018- operations-per-second-per-watt energy efficiency) at room temperature. Furthermore, we prove that FFM learning can automatically search non-Hermitian exceptional points without an analytical model. FFM learning not only facilitates orders-of-magnitude-faster learning processes, but can also advance applied and theoretical fields such as deep neural networks, ultrasensitive perception and topological photonics. We present fully forward mode learning, which conducts machine learning operations on site, leading to faster learning and promoting advancement in numerous fields.

关键词： Technology   Computer science   Quantum information   Careers  

摘要： The fast-growing discipline needs more scientists from under-represented groups. A raft of initiatives is rising to the challenge.

摘要： The number of citations received by papers often exhibits imbalances in terms of author attributes such as country of affiliation and gender. While recent studies have quantified citation imbalance in terms of the authors' gender in journal papers, the computer science discipline, where researchers frequently present their work at conferences, may exhibit unique patterns in gendered citation imbalance. Additionally, understanding how network properties in citations influence citation imbalances remains challenging due to a lack of suitable reference models. In this paper, we develop a family of reference models for citation networks and investigate gender imbalance in citations between papers published in computer science conferences. By deploying these reference models, we found that homophily in citations is strongly associated with gendered citation imbalance in computer science, whereas heterogeneity in the number of citations received per paper has a relatively minor association with it. Furthermore, we found that the gendered citation imbalance is most pronounced in papers published in the highest-ranked conferences, is present across different subfields, and extends to citation-based rankings of papers. Our study provides a framework for investigating associations between network properties and citation imbalances, aiming to enhance our understanding of the structure and dynamics of citations between research publications. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： OBE教育理念   计算机学科   高质量发展  

摘要： 学习贯彻党的二十大精神,探究科学推进计算机学科建设的多元路径,是实现计算机学科高质量发展的题中之义。基于OBE教育理念与高校学科建设创新发展的内在契合性,文章简要分析了推动计算机学科高质量发展过程中,在人才培养、创新能力培育、学科融合、学科评估等方面所面临的核心问题;并以北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院为例,在系统观念和成果导向的基本原则下,探讨了学科建设价值培育、赋能国家发展总体需求、建构多元人才培育体系和打造科学贯通教学体系等路径的优化作用,为新时代如何有力推动计算机学科高质量发展从政策话语走向生动实践提供参考。

关键词： 教学改革   “互联网+”   微专业建设   人才培养   人工智能   教育信息化  

摘要： 在智能时代的背景下,各行业对计算机科学与技术学科以及相关技术专业人才提出更高的要求。为了适应当前社会的快速发展,高校要结合智能时代的人才需求特点,加快对计算机科学与技术专业的创新与改革,从而提高人才培养的质量。该文结合智能时代背景,就计算机科学与技术专业改革的理念和具体策略进行了探讨,通过对人才培养策略的优化,能够有效促进计算机专业人才综合素质和专业能力的提升,进而提升高校人才培养的质量,推动信息产业的发展。

关键词： 计算机专业   Java EE框架技术   教学改革   工程思维   课程思政  

摘要： 针对计算机专业在中职升本、专升本和普通本科的不同生源背景下的挑战,本人进行了Java EE框架技术课程的教学改革探索。结合学生特点,在教学设计与实践中,本人不断鼓励学生,培养其学习兴趣,并将理论与实际相结合,开展翻转课堂活动。过程性考核方面,本人设计了课堂考核、课后实验报告撰写和课堂管理等多方面内容。课堂考核从基础到综合,用工程思维指导学生实践,并将课程思政融入课堂管理。通过教学平台使用情况、课程通过率和毕业论文选题情况,结果表明改革取得了良好的效果。 Aiming at the challenges of computer science majors in different backgrounds of students from secondary vocational schools to undergraduates, junior colleges to undergraduates and ordinary undergraduates, I explored the teaching reform of Java EE framework technology course. In combination with the characteristics of students, in teaching design and practice, I constantly encouraged students, cultivated their interest in learning, and combined theory with practice to carry out flipped classroom activities. In terms of process assessment, I designed classroom assessment, post-class experimental report writing and classroom management. Classroom assessment ranges from basic to comprehensive, using engineering thinking to guide students’ practice, and integrating curriculum ideological and political education into classroom management. Through the use of teaching platforms, course pass rates and graduation thesis selection, the results show that the reform has achieved good results.

关键词： 校企合作   计算机科学与技术   产教融合   人才培养模式  

摘要： 校企深度合作、联合办学是培养新一代高素质应用型人才的有效途径,各个高校都在努力探索如何通过人才培养模式改革来提高专业人才的培养质量。文章以内蒙古科技大学为例,结合计算机科学与技术专业的特点,对产教融合背景下的计算机科学与技术专业人才培养模式进行探讨,旨在培养与提高学生的分析、综合、自主实践与创新能力,增强学生解决复杂工程问题的意识,为培养高素质应用型人才提供支撑。

关键词： 课程思政   医学专业   大学计算机   新医科   信息社会  

摘要： 开展医学类专业大学计算机课程思政建设是对“信息社会+‘新医科’”背景下医学复合型人才培养作出的积极回应。本研究提出了医学专业大学计算机课程思政的价值体现和建设原则,并基于此阐述开展该课程思政建设实施策略,即多层面挖掘思政元素、多渠道选取思政材料、多方式融入教学环节、多措施提升教师素养以及多维度开展思政评价等,以期为医学院校信息技术课程思政建设提供借鉴与参考。

关键词： 新工科   区块链   计算机类课程   教学质量   评价机制  

摘要： 为解决当前计算机类课程教学质量评价中存在的信息不透明、评价指标单一、结果认可度低等问题。面向新工科教育教学改革需求,分析了区块链与计算机类课程教学质量评价的耦合关系,发现区块链能有效解决课程教学质量评价的痛点和难点,并基于此设计了一种采用区块链技术的计算机类课程教学质量评价机制,最后结合具体教学实验介绍了该机制的设计流程和有效性验证方法。

关键词： 人机交互试题   科学教育测评   教育评价改革  

摘要： 面对科学教育测评中素养和能力考查的新要求,传统测评工具的短板愈发明显。在信息技术快速发展的背景下,人机交互试题在科学教育测评领域得到广泛应用,成为备受关注的新型测评工具。相较于传统的书面试题,人机交互试题已具有明显的动态特征,表现在设问呈现方式、试题模拟环境和考查过程三个方面。将人机交互试题引入我国科学教育大型考试,不仅能够弥补传统测评工具的短板,更有助于科学教育智慧考试的开发与应用。