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关键词： Computer science   artificial intelligence  

ISBN: (数字)9781394214259 ISBN: (纸本)9781394214228

摘要： This book provides a comprehensive exploration of computational intelligence techniques and their applications, offering valuable insights into advanced information processing, machine learning concepts, and their impact on agile manufacturing systems. Computational Intelligence presents a new concept for advanced information processing.

关键词： Climate change   Computer science   Government   Health care   Policy   Politics  

摘要： Donald Trump made numerous promises during his presidential campaign that could affect scientists and science policy. Will they be implemented once he is president?

关键词： Students  

摘要： Upon release, ChatGPT3.5 shocked the software engineering community by its ability to generate answers to specialized questions about coding. Immediately, many educators wondered if it was possible to use the chatbot as a support tool that helps students answer their programming questions. This article evaluates this possibility at three levels: fundamental Computer Science knowledge (basic algorithms and data structures), core competency (design patterns), and advanced knowledge (quantum computing). In each case, we ask normalized questions several times to ChatGPT3.5, then look at the correctness of answers, and finally check if this creates issues. The main result is that the performances of ChatGPT3.5 degrades drastically as the specialization of the domain increases: for basic algorithms it returns answers that are almost always correct, for design patterns the generated code contains many code smells and is generally of low quality, but it is still sometimes able to fix it (if asked), and for quantum computing it is often blatantly wrong. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Computer science   Conferences and meetings   Machine learning   Publishing  

摘要： At major computer-science publication venues, up to 17% of the peer reviews are now written by artificial intelligence. We need guidelines before things get out of hand.

关键词： black   culture   diversity   neuroscience   hand dominance   handedness screening assessments  

摘要： There is growing evidence to suggest cognitive impairment and adverse brain health outcomes are associated with chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (Barnes and Bennet, 2014;Lock et al., 2023;Norris et al., 2023). These conditions can contribute to cognitive dysfunction by disrupting physiological feedback mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress (Pugazhenthi et al., 2017), causing fluctuations in systemic blood pressure (Wanleenuwat et al., 2019), or promoting vasoconstriction that impairs cerebral perfusion (Stephan et al., 2017). The higher prevalence of these conditions in the Black population (Ajuwon and Love, 2020;Musemwa and Gadegbeku, 2017;Wang et al., 2021) may be associated with an increased risk of dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, increasingly seen in Black Americans (Basu et al., 2020;Rajan et al., 2019).While the compelling scientific need for further evaluation of these connections may be helpful in addressing Black health disparities, neuroscience studies have often been slow to advance such contributions in the United States (U.S.) Black population (Burke et al., 2017;Zuelsdorff et al., 2020). This may stem from underpowered Black participation in neuroscience research (Rutten-Jacobs et al., 2024), which is commonly attributed to historically rooted mistrust in medical research (Otado et al., 2015;Scharff et al., 2010;Webb et al., 2022) or ineffective sampling (Abiodun, 2019;Awidi et al., 2021). An often-overlooked factor that may further impact the inclusion of Black participants in neuroscience studies is researchers' decision-making processes for participants who report forced hand use on screening *** screening assessments are a common method for establishing hand dominance in neuroscience studies (Scharoun & Bryden, 2014). Hand 'dominance' is characterized by a distinct affinity for the hand that demonstrates the highest proficiency when performing man

关键词： NHANES   Adults   Metal   Life's Essential 8   Mortality  

摘要： BackgroundLife's Essential 8 (LE8) is a novel assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH) by evaluating lifestyle, and reports of the associations between LE8 and urinary metals on mortality have been very limited. This study aimed to conduct a prospective cohort study and investigate the combined effects of metals and LE8 on mortality in U.S. *** study enrolled participants with complete information on urinary metals, LE8, mortality status, and confounders from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018). The Cox regression model, adaptive lasso penalized regression, and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the individual effects of metals and LE8 on all-cause mortality. The additive and multiplicative interaction scales and quantile g-computation were used to evaluate the interaction and combined effects. Stratified analyses were performed to clarify whether metals and LE8 interacted with other variables to influence all-cause *** total of 8017 participants were included in this study. The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, lead, antimony, and thorium were greater in the low CVH group than in the high CVH group [median (mu g/L): 0.29 vs. 0.19, 0.36 vs. 0.35, 0.48 vs. 0.39, 0.05 vs. 0.04, and 0.07 vs. 0.06]. The interaction between cadmium and LE8 was statistically significant, with a synergy index of 1.169 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.361). The stratified analyses showed that the interaction between age and LE8 had an impact on all-cause mortality (P for interaction = 0.004).ConclusionsIn this representative sample of the U.S. population, we found that the combined effect of cadmium, lead, thallium, and LE8 was positively associated with all-cause mortality. Furthermore, the interaction between cadmium and LE8 influenced all-cause mortality. So people should adopt healthy behaviors and reduce heavy metal exposure to minimize the risk of adverse health outcomes.

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711770

摘要： Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been established as a source of DNA for genotyping and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients. However, the concentration of tumor-specific circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) varies greatly among specimens and individual patients. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), the gold standard for cfDNA analysis, requires approximately 50-100 ng of DNA to ensure adequate sensitivity and coverage for detecting mutations and other genomic alterations. Many samples do not meet the minimum ctDNA concentration required for proper NGS analysis (library preparation). We have shown that digital PCR (dPCR) is a superior alternative for MRD target mutations detection in cHL (Prochazka et al., Blood 2022; 140 (Suppl 1): 6417-6418), which is faster, less expensive, and spares ctDNA quantity. The validity of the dPCR at very low concentration ctDNA samples has not been well described. Aim: To perform a multiplex digital PCR MRD target mutation screening in low-concentration ctDNA samples not suitable for NGS analysis. Methods: CfDNA was extracted from peripheral blood plasma using the QiaAmp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen) at the time of diagnosis or relapse. For library preparation, we used SureSelect XT HS2 technology (Agilent Technologies) based on “target enrichment” with molecular barcodes. Sequencing was performed on a NovaSeq6000 (Illumina). Data were analyzed with SureCall software (Agilent Technologies) with a sensitivity of 1.0% variant allele frequency (VAF). The detected variants were annotated using COSMIC, dbSNP, Ensembl, and ClinVar. Samples with cfDNA below 40 ng were deemed unsuitable for analysis using our NGS panel. For dPCR experiments, we used the Naica® system 6-color digital PCR (Stilla Technologies Inc.) with Sapphire chips. In total, we used three screening assays: one for a hotspot mutation in the XPO1 gene p.(E571K) and two multiplex dPCR assays for mutations in the STAT6 gene p.(

关键词： 机器翻译   计算机科技论文摘要   错误类型   译后编辑策略  

摘要： 本研究采用定性和定量分析方法,系统归类了计算机科技文本摘要中机器翻译出现的错误,其中不符合中文表达习惯的翻译错误占比最大,其次是术语误译、误译、欠译、漏译、过译以及赘译。本研究发现,长难句、被动语态以及术语翻译是造成机器翻译错误的主要原因。针对源文本的逻辑缜密、语步序固定等特征,本研究针对性地对各类错误类型提出了相应译后编辑策略。By means of quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study systematically classifies the errors in MT-generated computer science abstracts. Results show that unidiomatic translation makes up a relatively significant share, followed by terminology mistranslation, mistranslation, under-translation, omission, over-translation, and addition. Due to the informative and academic text features of source texts, long and complex sentences, passive voice and term translation are the main causes of machine translation errors. In view of the logical organization and sequenced structure of source text requirement, this study puts forward well-directed corresponding post-editing strategies.