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关键词： Computer science   CS identity   Single-item scale   Reliability   Validity  

摘要： Student identity measures in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields are a strong predictor of future persistence in those disciplines. However, there is a paucity of studies with validated measures of students' computer science (CS) identity. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of a proposed single-item CS identity measurement for college students (CS-I-1) that balances practical considerations and psychometric concerns. Using data from 6,044 college students across the United States, we examined the criterion, concurrent, construct validity, as well as the reliability of a CS identity measures. We find that a single item, "I see myself as a computer science person," (with a 6-point rating scale ranging from 0 = not at all to 5 = very much) is both valid and reliable as a single-item CS identity measure among U.S. college students. Being a quick and easy-to-use diagnostic tool, this measure has both practical utility and theoretical significance. We foresee its simple use in identify students with potential for pursing a CS career and for gauging the impact of CS courses and other experiences when used as a pre- and post-test measure, making it a valuable tool for assessing changes in CS identity among students.

关键词： Quality of service   Measurement   Artificial neural networks   Reliability   Computer science   Noise   Internet of Vehicles   Bandwidth Categorization   Quality of Service   Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS)   Machine learning   Delay sensitive applications   Routing Protocols  

摘要： Quality of Service (QoS) plays a pivotal role in numerous delay-sensitive applications that range from general to specific such as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Unnamed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Industrial Automation, and Cooperative Internet of Vehicles (C-IoV), etc. Every application has numerous contributions to human daily life activities, but here in this work, we focused on the C-IoV in the context of QoS metrics. Even though the literature suggested several techniques to address the QoS issues in this emerging technology, but we have not come across a single article that addresses this issue in a cooperative environment, considering the impact of communication congestion and contention by taking into account emergency vehicles and traditional vehicles. Given that, in this paper, we introduce a hybrid framework known as the Traffic Congestion and Priority-Aware Algorithm (TCPAA). This innovative paradigm leverages the capabilities of computer vision, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and Dijkstra algorithm to strategically incorporate the transmission channels and network entities with an objective to improve the QoS metrics in emergency vehicles. Initially, we developed a dataset with computer vision algoritms "real-time (OpenCV "Background Subtraction") to evaluate and chose the best machine learning algorithms among random forest, support vector machine (SVM), k-means clustering, and DNN. Based on the result statistics, we select DNN, and classified vehicles into two classes: Emergency and traditional vehicles to train the model. Subsequently, we set standard for two type of communications such as regular and prioritized traffic. We incorporate a micro base station (Acirc;mu BS) in the network for prioritized traffic to facilitate congestion-free communication of emergency vehicles, while the Dijkstra algorithm is used to managed the communication of traditional vehicles. Considering the nature of operation of future au

关键词： Middle-aged   Women   Older adult care   Gender role   Value of lost leisure   Willingness to pay  

摘要： This study evaluates the extent of leisure time loss experienced by middle-aged women in South Korea who care for their aging parents and quantifies the monetary value of this lost leisure time. By employing an open-ended direct question, we derived respondents' willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for leisure time lost due to caregiving duties. Our findings reveal that middle-aged women engaged in regular caregiving are willing to pay an average of 9313 KRW (US$7.74) per hour for leisure time and would require 13,539 KRW (US $11.40) per hour as compensation for their lost leisure. The annual total monetary value of leisure time loss for consistent caregivers was estimated to range between 7403.4 billion KRW (US$6232 million) and 10,127.5 billion KRW (US$8525 million). The study highlights the significant challenges faced by caregivers, particularly middle-aged women, emphasizing the need for social awareness and discussions on gender role distribution to promote gender equality. It underscores the importance of developing effective support policies, including financial compensation and mental health resources, to alleviate caregivers' dual burden of work and home responsibilities. Understanding the economic impact of leisure time loss can help address long-term socioeconomic issues associated with an aging society, crucial for improving the efficiency and sustainability of care services for the older generation. The economic value estimated in this study will provide essential information for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of public services, supporting the economic feasibility of policies and programs, especially because respite services involve significant government expenditure.

关键词： Early warning systems   Predictive analytics   At-risk students   Machine learning   Classification  

摘要： Predicting academic performance for students majoring in computer science has long been a significant field of research in computing education. Previous studies described that accurate prediction of students' early-stage performance could identify low-performing students and take corrective action to improve performance. Besides, adopting machine learning algorithms with predictive analytics has proven possible and meaningful. The traditional approach of looking after students without uncovering the root causes of poor performance has shifted dramatically into improving the quality of the educational processes of students, teachers, and stakeholders. Thus, this study employed predictive analytics to develop an early warning prediction model using computing science degree performance data at a public institution. Predictive models based on our data analysis revealed that low, medium, and high-performing students could be predicted with an accuracy of 88% using only the grades of the courses they took in the second year. Moreover, 96% accuracy was achieved when all course grades were used in predictive models. The courses that are important in determining the overall performance of the students were also analyzed. By employing a multi-method approach, utilizing a large dataset spanning four academic years, and including a diverse sample of 430 students, our study offers a robust foundation to researchers, designers, and computer science educators for understanding and predicting student performance. The enhanced generalizability and implications for educational practice position our study as a valuable contribution to the field, paving the way for further advancements in predictive analytics.

关键词： Middle school students   Apps   Community   Culturally responsive pedagogy   Attitudes  

摘要： This study examined student learning outcomes from a middle school computer science (CS) curriculum developed through a researcher and practitioner partnership (RPP) project. The curriculum is based on students creating mobile apps that serve community and social good. We collected two sets of data from 294 students in three urban districts: (1) pre- and post-survey responses on their learning experiences and attitudes toward learning CS and creating community-serving apps;(2) the apps created by those students. The analysis of student apps indicated that students were able to create basic apps that connected with their personal interests, life experiences, school community, and the larger society. Students were significantly more confident in coding and creating community-focused apps after completing the course, regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, and grade. However, their interest in solving coding problems and continuing to learn CS decreased afterward. Analyses of students' attitudes by gender, grade, and race/ethnicity showed significant differences among students in some groups. Seventh-grade students rated more positive on their attitudes than eighth graders. Students identifying with different race/ethnicity groups indicated significantly different attitudes, especially students identifying as Southeast Asian, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latino. Self-identified male students also reported stronger interest and more positive attitudes overall than self-identified female students. Students also reported positive experiences in learning how to create real apps serving their community, while there were disparities in their experiences with coding in general and some of the instructional tools used in the class.

关键词： Service learning   experiential learning   authentic learning  

摘要： Service learning, a high-impact pedagogy, involves integrating academic outcomes with service to the community. The success of service learning experiences depends on the development of mutually reciprocal relationships between students, instructors, and community partners, ensuring equitable benefits for all stakeholders. To explore how relationship-building and growth are supported in computer and information science (CIS) service learning, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 informants-each a faculty, student, or community partner who participated in one of five computer or information science service learning courses. Our analysis identified three factors that were most crucial in supporting the formation of relationships among stakeholders: infrastructuring the relationship, valuing technical and other expertise equitably, and integrating soft skills and technical skills. Based on these findings, we discuss how growth, an important outcome of relationship-building and equitable service learning experiences, can be supported and assessed in CIS service learning experiences.

关键词： Abstraction skill   Computational thinking skill   Computer science   Computer science unplugged  

摘要： Since computational thinking is a high-level cognitive skill and its conceptual framework has not yet been clarified, the assessment of this skill is problematic. While there is no consensus in the literature about the components of computational thinking, the abstraction component is located at a point where opinions intersect. In addition, it is predicted that computer science unplugged activities will improve computational thinking, and there is limited research examining this effect. As a result, this research aims to demonstrate the alleged effects of computer science unplugged activities on abstraction skill which is considered the critical component of computational thinking. The study, which was planned with a mixed methods research design, lasted 8 weeks. Quantitative data were obtained from the abstraction skill test developed by the researchers, while qualitative data were obtained from observations and task- based interviews after each activity. Quantitative findings showed that computer science unplugged activities significantly improve abstraction skills and thus computational thinking. Qualitative findings not only revealed that developments in the six abstracting steps caused this significant difference but also identified abstracting steps where the effect of each activity was limited. Suggestions for organizing activities to improve these steps are given. Finally, suggestions are presented for the conceptual framework of computational thinking based on abstraction.

关键词： Sensors   Assistive technologies   Gesture recognition   Libraries   Semantics   Computer science   Urban areas   Mobile computing   sign language translation   wearable sensing  

摘要： This paper addresses a significant problem in American Sign Language (ASL) translation systems that has been overlooked. Current designs collect excessive sensing data for each word and treat every sentence as new, requiring the collection of sensing data from scratch. This approach is time-consuming, taking hours to half a day to complete the data collection process for each user. As a result, it creates an unnecessary burden on end-users and hinders the widespread adoption of ASL systems. In this study, we identify the root cause of this issue and propose GASLA-a wearable sensor-based solution that automatically generates sentence-level sensing data from word-level data. An acceleration approach is further proposed to optimize the data generation speed. Moreover, due to the gap between the generated sentence data and directly collected sentence data, a template strategy is proposed to make the generated sentences more similar to the collected sentence. The generated data can be used to train ASL systems effectively while reducing overhead costs significantly. GASLA offers several benefits over current approaches: it reduces initial setup time and future new-sentence addition overhead;it requires only two samples per sentence compared to around ten samples in current systems;and it improves overall performance significantly.

关键词： Integrated computing   computational thinking   CS plus X   content analysis   curricula analysis   K-12 computer science education   primary school computer science education  

摘要： Integrated computing curricula combine learning objectives in computing with those in another discipline, like literacy, math, or science, to give all students experience with computing, typically before they must decide whether to take standalone CS courses. One goal of integrated computing curricula is to provide an accessible path to an introductory computing course by introducing computing concepts and practices in required courses. This study analyzed integrated computing curricula to determine which CS practices and concepts are taught, how extensively the curricula are taught, and, by extension, how they might prepare students for later computing courses. The authors conducted a content analysis to examine primary and lower secondary (i.e., K-8) curricula that are taught in non-CS classrooms, have explicit CS learning objectives (i.e., CS+X), and that took 5+ hours to complete. Lesson plans, descriptions, and resources were scored based on frameworks developed from the K-12 CS Framework, including programming concepts, non-programming CS concepts, and CS practices. The results found that curricula most extensively taught introductory concepts and practices, such as sequences, and rarely taught more advanced content, such as conditionals. Students who engage with most of these curricula would have no experience working with fundamental concepts, like variables, operators, data collection or storage, or abstraction in the context of a program. While this focus might be appropriate for integrated curricula, it has implications for the prior knowledge that students should be expected to have when starting standalone computing courses.

关键词： antioxidant activity   Gemlik natural table olive   irradiation   modified atmosphere packaging   phenolic content   starter culture   storage  

摘要： In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different production and preservation methods on the shelf life and quality of the Gemlik variety of natural black table olives produced with low salt (2%). For this purpose, olives were processed by the traditional Turkish style dry salted black olive by using a starter culture. The MAP (Modified atmosphere packaging, 60% N2 and 40% CO2), vacuum and for the first time gamma irradiation methods (1, 3 and 5 kGy) were applied in the preservation of table olives. The 5 kGy irradiation treatment reduced the total phenolic amount and DPPH antioxidant activity of olives more than other irradiation doses. The pH (4.3-4.83) and titratable acidity (0.68-1.02%) of the samples changed in accordance with the legal regulations during the storage period (pH max. 5 and acidity min 0.3%). At the end of the fermentation and storage, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased significantly (p-value <0.05). During the storage period, the total phenolic content in natural fermented olives (without starter culture) decreased from 232 to 144 mgCAE/100 g and in starter culture added table olives from 200 to 138 mgCAE/100 g. In addition, the antioxidant activity was changed between 60.94 and 47.14 mu molTE/100 g oil. As a result of the study, it was ensured that black table olives produced with less salt (2%) could be stored on the shelves for 6 months without using any preservatives. In addition, radiation effect on quality was relatively similar to other treatments (vacuum and MAP).