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关键词： serious games   digital games   digital game-based learning   gamification   computational thinking   programming   computer science   computer education   primary education   secondary education   k-12 education   review  

摘要： Computational thinking and problem-solving skills have become vital for students to develop. Digital games and serious games are increasingly being used in educational settings and present great potential to aid students' learning. This study aims to explore the role and impact of serious games and digital games on students' computational thinking and programming skills in primary, secondary, and K-12 education through a systematic review of the existing literature. Four research questions were set to be examined. Following the PRISMA framework, 78 studies deriving from IEEE, Scopus, and Web of Science over the period of 2011-2024 are examined. The studies are categorized into Theoretical and Review studies, Proposal and Showcase studies, and Experimental and Case studies. Based on the results, serious games and digital games arose as meaningful educational tools that are positively viewed by education stakeholders and that can effectively support and improve K-12 education students' computational thinking and programming skills. Among the benefits identified, it was revealed that serious games offer enjoyable and interactive learning experiences that can improve students' learning performance, engagement, and motivation, enhance students' confidence and focus, and promote self-regulated learning and personalized learning. Additionally, serious games emerged as an educational means that can effectively support social learning and provide real-time feedback. The challenges identified were related to the selection of games and the game-related design elements, decisions, and approaches. Hence, the study highlights the significance of the design of serious games and the need to cultivate students' computational thinking, problem-solving, and social skills from a young age. Finally, the study reveals key design principles and aspects to consider when developing serious games and digital games and highlights the need to involve education stakeholders throughout the desig

关键词： computer science   digital literacy   web tracking   content moderation   biography   philosophy  

摘要： It is the article's overall aim to elucidate the contingency and volatility inherent to academic biographies. In order to derive these, but also underpin them, the article begins by outlining the argument that Mareike Lisker makes in her Master's thesis, which explores the nexus between the disciplines of computer science and philosophy. There, she posits that the demand for more digital literacy places an onerous responsibility on individual users when it comes to the control of their own data. She argues that the individual users are structurally ill-equipped to meet that responsibility in face of all-encompassing tracking infrastructures. In accordance with the aim of the article, the thesis' topic will be situated within Lisker's scientific career path. This path will then be traced up until her current PhD project, which focusses on content moderation on decentralized platforms.

关键词： Number theory  

摘要： We survey large value problems, including the large value problem forDirichlet polynomials, the restriction problem, and problems from computerscience. We describe known techniques and open problems, drawing onperspectives from all three *** Codes 42B15, 11M26 © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

摘要： Existing long-text generation methods primarily concentrate on producing lengthy texts from short inputs, neglecting the long-input and long-output tasks. Such tasks have numerous practical applications while lacking available benchmarks. Moreover, as the input grows in length, existing methods inevitably encounter the "lost-in-the-middle" phenomenon. In this paper, we first introduce a Long Input and Output Benchmark (LONGINOUTBENCH), including a synthetic dataset and a comprehensive evaluation framework, addressing the challenge of the missing benchmark. We then develop the Retrieval-Augmented Long-Text Writer (RAL-WRITER), which retrieves and restates important yet overlooked content, mitigating the "lost-in-the-middle" issue by constructing explicit prompts. We finally employ the proposed LONGINOUTBENCH to evaluate our RAL-WRITER against comparable baselines, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our code has been released at https://***/OnlyAR/RAL-Writer © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Chatbots  

摘要： LLM chatbot interfaces allow students to get instant, interactive assistance with homework, but doing so carelessly may not advance educational objectives. In this study, an interactive homework help system based on DeepSeek R1 is developed and first implemented for students enrolled in a large computer science beginning programming course. In addition to an assist button in a well-known code editor, our assistant also has a feedback option in our command-line automatic evaluator. It wraps student work in a personalized prompt that advances our educational objectives without offering answers straight away. We have discovered that our assistant can recognize students' conceptual difficulties and provide ideas, plans, and template code in pedagogically appropriate ways. However, among other mistakes, it occasionally incorrectly labels the correct student code as incorrect or encourages students to use correct-but-lesson-inappropriate approaches, which can lead to long and frustrating journeys for the students. After discussing many development and deployment issues, we provide our conclusions and future actions. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： biopolymer   entoconcrete   green concrete   organic waste   sustainability  

摘要： Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and is found mainly in the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, in the cell walls of fungi, and in some species of mollusks. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin;it is much more accessible and has a broader range of applications, including improving the quality of materials such as films, plastics, and concrete. The rheological properties of chitin and chitosan refer to their behavior against deformation and flow and their ability to resist structural changes under mechanical stress conditions. These properties are fundamental in applications where the aim is to control the texture, viscosity, and handling of these biopolymers. Three types of methods for the extraction of chitin and chitosan can be classified: the first is the chemical method, which presents high yields but uses reagents that generate toxic residues;the second is the biological method, which takes advantage of chemical reactions of microorganisms but in some cases has low yields compared to chemical extraction;and the third is the enzymatic method, which uses reagents with a low production of toxic residues. However, low extraction yields are also reported. One of the primary sources of chitin and chitosan is the residue of shellfish and crustaceans. However, a new source of obtaining these compounds is the black soldier fly, which has the same yields of biopolymers as shellfish. In addition, this is a residue of the black soldier fly larvae culture, where protein, oil, and biofertilizers are generated by the bioconversion of organic waste. This work proposes the black soldier fly as an alternative source for extracting chitin and chitosan, using organic methodologies that do not generate toxic residues and have high yields. Including these biopolymers in concrete elaboration could have positive results in terms of flexibility, compressive strength, and workability.

关键词： ICT teachers   primary school students   digital skills   digital literacy   computer science  

摘要： The rapid development of technology sets its own rules for adults and children. For younger schoolchildren, acquiring digital skills from primary school will give them the confidence to apply them correctly in school, at university, and in their lives. Schools should be interested in providing the necessary conditions to develop children's digital skills. Teachers can equip them with the basic skills needed to live successfully in the digital age by teaching them digital literacy skills. They can help children develop their digital skills and move consciously in the digital environment. The development of digital literacy in primary school students and the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) teachers in this development are considered relevant and timely in the article. The study examines the vision and experiences of Kazakhstani primary school computer science teachers in developing students' digital skills in informatics classes. The article discusses research methods such as questionnaires, interviewing ICT teachers, observation, and participation in computer science lessons to better understand the actual situation in primary schools in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study's results will be helpful for schools and are suggested for improving computer science curricula.

关键词： 3D segmentation   computed tomography   computer science   graphical user interface  

摘要： The contact surface area (CSA) quantifies the interface between a tumor and an organ and is a key predictor of perioperative outcomes in kidney cancer. However, existing CSA computation methods rely on shape assumptions and manual annotation. We propose a novel approach using 3D reconstructions from computed tomography (CT) scans to provide an accurate CSA estimate. Our method includes a segmentation protocol and an algorithm that processes reconstructed meshes. We also provide an open-source implementation with a graphical user interface. Tested on synthetic data, the algorithm showed minimal error and was evaluated on data from 82 patients. We computed the CSA using both our approach and Hsieh's method, which relies on subjective CT scan measurements, in a double-blind study with two radiologists of different experience levels. We assessed the correlation between our approach and the expert radiologist's measurements, as well as the deviation of both our method and the less experienced radiologist from the expert's values. While the mean and variance of the differences between the less experienced radiologist and the expert were lower, our method exhibited a slight deviation from the expert's, demonstrating its reliability and consistency. These findings are further supported by the results obtained from synthetic data testing.

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning   Policy   Public health  

摘要： As the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act takes effect, AI systems that mimic how human teams collaborate can improve trust in high-risk situations, such as clinical medicine.

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science   Sustainability   Energy  

摘要： Researchers want firms to be more transparent about the electricity demands of artificial intelligence.