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摘要： Jacques Derrida's claim that Immanuel Kant was the most rigorous defender of the death penalty has rekindled interest in this topic in the context of Kant's work. Understandably, most articles have focused on Kant's The Metaphysics of Morals, in which he defends the legitimacy of capital punishment. However, many of these readings ignore the fact that the death penalty is a recurring theme in his writing. This article explores references to capital punishment in Kant's Critique of Practical Reason and uncovers a consistent theme: the connection between morality and acts of self-sacrifice. It aims to demonstrate the challenges of formulating a philosophical argument for the abolition of the death penalty.

关键词： Blockchains   Authentication   Costs   Protocols   Security   Privacy   Surveys   Electronic voting   Computer science   Information security  

摘要： The e-vote is regarded as a way to express the opinion that the voters ask for. Actually, the e-vote could be applied wildly like questionnaire, survey and feedback. Moreover, the coexistences of efficiency and security as well as transparency and privacy could be considered as building blocks in the e-vote system. The blockchain could provide a public access board to reduce the storage costs for the field consisted of the vote group manager (GM) with its vote assistants (VA). Particularly the $k$ -times anonymous authentication ( $k$ -TAA) could also be a practical approach to preserve voters’ privacy and reduce the computation costs during the vote process. However, the e-vote scheme with pure $k$ -TAA strategy could damage either the supervision of voting or the efficiency and consistency of authentication process. What’s more, the impacts of dishonest voters couldn’t be stopped until the vote end. To tackle these problems, we apply the accumulator technology to add or revoke the voters at any time and extend the framework of $k$ -TAA with the update process for the e-vote on blockchain for supervision ( $ k$ -TEVS). In our scheme, the voter updates his membership witness and proves the fact that he is still a valid member with respective VA under the latest accumulator value. What’s more, this witness update operation is not contained in the authentication process, which means that the authentication process is still constant and efficient. Moreover, our add or delete update process with signature of knowledge needs only one pairing operation. For the security, we prove that the relaxed anonymity still holds in the $ k$ -TEVS framework. Finally, We implement $ k$ -TEVS scheme, the Emura’s work [1] and the Huang’s work [2] for comparison. Then we make time cost and communication cost experiments, which present the feasibility and practicality of this scheme.

关键词： Clustering algorithms   Heuristic algorithms   Encoding   Graph neural networks   Detection algorithms   Clustering methods   Image edge detection   Electronic learning   Computer science   Vectors   Community detection   deep graph clustering   e-learning   user clustering  

摘要： Deep graph clustering is a highly significant tool for community detection, enabling the identification of strongly connected groups of nodes within a graph. This technology is crucial in various fields such as education and E-learning. However, deep graph clustering can be more misled by the graph topology, disregarding node information. For example, an excessive number of intercommunity edges or insufficient intracommunity edges can lead to inaccurate community distinction by the model. In this article, we propose a novel model, deep Graph Clustering with Triple Fusion Autoencoder (GC-TriFA) for community detection, which utilizes a triple encoding fusion mechanism to balance the incorporation of node and topological information, thereby mitigating this issue. Specifically, GC-TriFA employs a shallow linear coding fusion and a deep coding fusion method within an autoencoder structure. This approach enables the model to simultaneously learn and capture the embedding of cross-modality information and later utilizes weight fusion to equalize the two modalities. Furthermore, GC-TriFA also reconstructs the graph structure, learns relaxed $k$-means, and undergoes self-supervised training to enhance the quality of the graph embedding. The experimental results of GC-TriFA, when evaluated as an end-to-end model on publicly available datasets, demonstrate its superiority compared to the baseline models.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning  

摘要： Steve Jobs once said that one of his goals as head of Apple was to "bring a liberal arts perspective... to what had traditionally been a very geeky technology and a very geeky audience"[11]. Jobs, of course, succeeded and made personal computers easy, and even fun, to use. A geeky tool went mainstream, and we all benefitted. Although Jobs and Apple changed computing forever, computer science education at many universities has struggled to overcome the stereotype as a home for geeky students more comfortable communicating through algorithms than through speech. Changing that stereotype and creating computer science education that speaks to the needs of today's society is a challenge for those who work to educate future computer scientists. When it comes to academic disciplines, computer science is still a youngster, first appearing at the university level in the 1950s and 1960s and continuing to evolve and expand through the age of personal computing, the internet and the cloud, the creation of massively parallel machines, and the rise of the interconnected Internet of Things, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). © 2024 Copyright held by owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Cost engineering  

摘要： This piece points out the key position of formal methods in Computer Science (CS) education, which must thus be reflected in any CS curriculum as a knowledge area rather than as elective topics in distinct knowledge areas. This is confirmed by the increasing use of formal methods in industry [4]-not limited to safety-critical domains. First, we indicate the importance of formal methods thinking in CS education [17], since this provides the necessary rigor in reasoning about software, its specification, its verification, and its correctness-all fundamental skills for future software developers. Then, we argue that every computer scientist needs to know formal methods [6], since the skills and knowledge acquired in this way provide the indispensable solid foundation that forms the backbone of CS practice. Finally, we underline that teaching formal methods need not come at the cost of displacing other engineering aspects of CS that are already widely accepted as essential. On the contrary, formal methods have the potential to support and strengthen the presentation and knowledge in all these subdisciplines. We provide suggestions for educators on how to incorporate formal methods into CS education. © 2024 Copyright held by owner/author(s).

关键词： Computer science   artificial intelligence  

ISBN: (数字)9781394214259 ISBN: (纸本)9781394214228

摘要： This book provides a comprehensive exploration of computational intelligence techniques and their applications, offering valuable insights into advanced information processing, machine learning concepts, and their impact on agile manufacturing systems. Computational Intelligence presents a new concept for advanced information processing.

关键词： Climate change   Computer science   Government   Health care   Policy   Politics  

摘要： Donald Trump made numerous promises during his presidential campaign that could affect scientists and science policy. Will they be implemented once he is president?

关键词： Students  

摘要： Upon release, ChatGPT3.5 shocked the software engineering community by its ability to generate answers to specialized questions about coding. Immediately, many educators wondered if it was possible to use the chatbot as a support tool that helps students answer their programming questions. This article evaluates this possibility at three levels: fundamental Computer Science knowledge (basic algorithms and data structures), core competency (design patterns), and advanced knowledge (quantum computing). In each case, we ask normalized questions several times to ChatGPT3.5, then look at the correctness of answers, and finally check if this creates issues. The main result is that the performances of ChatGPT3.5 degrades drastically as the specialization of the domain increases: for basic algorithms it returns answers that are almost always correct, for design patterns the generated code contains many code smells and is generally of low quality, but it is still sometimes able to fix it (if asked), and for quantum computing it is often blatantly wrong. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Computer science   Conferences and meetings   Machine learning   Publishing  

摘要： At major computer-science publication venues, up to 17% of the peer reviews are now written by artificial intelligence. We need guidelines before things get out of hand.

关键词： NHANES   Adults   Metal   Life's Essential 8   Mortality  

摘要： BackgroundLife's Essential 8 (LE8) is a novel assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH) by evaluating lifestyle, and reports of the associations between LE8 and urinary metals on mortality have been very limited. This study aimed to conduct a prospective cohort study and investigate the combined effects of metals and LE8 on mortality in U.S. *** study enrolled participants with complete information on urinary metals, LE8, mortality status, and confounders from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018). The Cox regression model, adaptive lasso penalized regression, and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the individual effects of metals and LE8 on all-cause mortality. The additive and multiplicative interaction scales and quantile g-computation were used to evaluate the interaction and combined effects. Stratified analyses were performed to clarify whether metals and LE8 interacted with other variables to influence all-cause *** total of 8017 participants were included in this study. The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, lead, antimony, and thorium were greater in the low CVH group than in the high CVH group [median (mu g/L): 0.29 vs. 0.19, 0.36 vs. 0.35, 0.48 vs. 0.39, 0.05 vs. 0.04, and 0.07 vs. 0.06]. The interaction between cadmium and LE8 was statistically significant, with a synergy index of 1.169 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.361). The stratified analyses showed that the interaction between age and LE8 had an impact on all-cause mortality (P for interaction = 0.004).ConclusionsIn this representative sample of the U.S. population, we found that the combined effect of cadmium, lead, thallium, and LE8 was positively associated with all-cause mortality. Furthermore, the interaction between cadmium and LE8 influenced all-cause mortality. So people should adopt healthy behaviors and reduce heavy metal exposure to minimize the risk of adverse health outcomes.