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关键词： Quantum information   Computer science   Information technology  

摘要： A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Machine learning  

摘要： The output of computer-vision research is overwhelmingly aimed towards monitoring humans. The potential ethical implications need more scrutiny. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

关键词： Physiology   Human behaviour   Computer science  

摘要： Your inhalation and exhalation pattern is not only unique to you, it can be a marker of your physical and mental state, study suggests.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Machine learning  

摘要： The majority of papers and patents in a subfield of AI enable surveillance, according to a new study.

关键词： 大口黑鲈   养殖密度   营养品质   水质  

摘要： 目的探究养殖密度对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）养殖水体水质以及鱼体营养品质的影响。方法以大口黑鲈为研究对象，设置低密度和高密度2个试验组，在不同养殖密度的池塘中各采集5份水样，并随机采集4尾大口黑鲈样本进行生物学指标、肌肉营养成分及其质构特性的检测分析。低密度试验组养殖密度为90 000~93 334尾·hm−2，高密度组为150 000~152 500尾·hm−2。结果高密度组养殖水体溶解氧、总磷（TP）和叶绿素a含量均极显著低于低密度池塘（P<0.01），总氮（TN）、亚硝酸盐和化学需氧量（COD）均显著高于低密度组（P<0.05）。低密度组硅藻门丰度极显著大于高密度组（P<0.01），蓝藻门丰度显著大于高密度组（P<0.05）。此外，高密度组水体细菌群落的Chao、Ace指数均极显著低于低密度组（P<0.01）;在门水平上，放线菌门和变形菌门均在2个试验组中占据优势地位，但高、低密度组之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。在肌肉营养品质方面，高密度组大口黑鲈肌肉的硬度、剪切力、咀嚼性、胶着性均极显著小于低密度组（P<0.01）;低密度组肌肉的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量均极显著高于高密度组（P<0.01）。结论高密度养殖加剧了水体富营养化与生态失衡，对大口黑鲈肌肉的营养品质产生负面影响。因此，需合理控制养殖密度和优化养殖水体水质，以维持养殖水体环境稳定，保障鱼体营养品质。

关键词： Applied sciences   Computer science   Artificial intelligence  

摘要： Level 3 automated driving systems require drivers to occasionally retake control, making it crucial to understand factors influencing takeover performance. This study investigates how single versus multiple non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) affect driver behavior, perceptions, and takeover capability. Using a high-fidelity driving simulator with 32 participants, conditions varying NDRT types and task-switching frequency were examined. Results indicate that diverse NDRT engagement and frequent task switching significantly influence takeover performance. Moreover, our decision tree models highlighted the number of NDRT types and task-switching frequency as critical predictors of driver response effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for task engagement diversity and switching behaviors in automated vehicle system design. This study provides practical implications for optimizing human-automation interactions and enhancing the safety of automated driving systems by managing drivers' attentiveness for their in-cabin activities.

关键词： Microbiology   Computer science  

摘要： The accurate computational annotation of protein sequences with enzymatic function remains a fundamental challenge in bioinformatics. Here, we present HiFi-NN (Hierarchically-Finetuned Nearest Neighbor search) which annotates protein sequences to the 4th level of Enzyme Commission (EC) number with greater precision and recall than state-of-the-art deep learning methods. Furthermore, we show that this method can correctly identify the EC number of a given sequence to lower identities than BLASTp. We show that performance can be improved by increasing the diversity of the lookup set in both sequence space and the environment the sequence has been sampled from. We proceed to show that we can correct specific mis-annotations in the BRENDA enzymes database reproducing results found by others. Finally, we use HiFi-NN to annotate functional dark-matter protein sequences from NMPFamDB. Our findings pave the way for more accurate functional annotation in silico, especially for proteins from distant sequence space.

关键词： Computer science   Electrical engineering   Energy engineering  

摘要： To address the limitations of current transmission line point cloud segmentation algorithms in accurately segmenting fine-grained structures, this paper proposes a model named TLSNet. The network addresses the issue of uneven point cloud distribution through a dynamic density adaptation mechanism (DALNF-Layer), achieves cross-scale context modeling with a hierarchical-offset transformer (DLCTransformer), and optimizes gradient propagation using the inverted residual module (InvResMLP). Together, these components form an efficient point cloud segmentation framework tailored for the complex scenarios of transmission lines. Experimental results demonstrate that TLSNet achieves precise segmentation of key regions in transmission line point clouds, outperforming existing algorithms in segmentation accuracy. This advancement provides a solid technical foundation for the digital operation and maintenance of transmission lines, as well as for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection path planning.

关键词： Physics   Computer science   Engineering  

摘要： Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs) by mimicking neuronal information transmission mechanisms. However, similar to ANNs, SNNs remain susceptible to adversarial examples, raising concerns about their robustness in practical applications. To address this vulnerability, we propose the Random Heterogeneous Spiking Neural Network (RandHet-SNN), inspired by the heterogeneity and stochasticity observed in biological neural systems. This architecture strengthens the network's defense against adversarial attacks by introducing neuron-level diversity through randomized time decay constants, allowing each neuron to acquire unique temporal properties at every forward pass. We evaluate RandHet-SNN's performance through extensive experiments with various adversarial attacks. Results indicate that RandHet-SNN significantly enhances network robustness while maintaining minimal impact on clean accuracy. RandHet-SNN displays significant potential for robust, energy-efficient neural computing in adversarial environments.

关键词： Computers   Quantum computing   Qubit   Hardware   Quantum algorithm   Quantum advantage   Computer science   Approximation algorithms   Encryption   Costs