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关键词： Computer Science   Human-Computer Interaction   Communication   Artificial Intelligence   Natural Language Processing   Healthcare  

摘要： Such important bases of our society as healthcare, education, and productivity typically rely on effective communication between humans. Human-human communication in such settings is often challenging, as it requires advanced communication skills that are not available to everyone. This dissertation argues that systems that leverage models or data about communication can be used to ultimately improve communication. Through two main kinds of studies, this dissertation characterizes challenges when modeling communication from data, as well as when applying these approaches, and it formalizes the problem in such settings. The dissertation introduces systems to model spoken and written communication. It further defines recommendation systems that identify patterns in communication and provides suggestions to people on how to improve their communication. The dissertation also presents designs, implementations and evaluations of systems based on the communication models in the domains of productivity, social media conversations, healthcare, and video broadcasting. The results of experiments evaluating these mechanism show that, compared to current practice, communication models generate new insights, and our AI-human interfaces lead to improved outcomes. The main implication of this dissertation is that design of AI algorithms and user interfaces impact how people communicate with each other. Importantly, technology makes teaching communication skills more accessible, democratizing skills that were only available to experts.

关键词： Computer engineering   Computer science  

摘要： The Santa Cruz Routing Information Protocol (SCRIP) is a new routing protocol designed to solve performance problems present in current routing protocols used in the Internet. The routing protocols used in the Internet today were created over twenty five years ago and were created with strict limitations of storage and bandwidth in mind. SCRIP builds on the foundation of the RIP to provide shortest path routing for networks within autonomous systems. The problems that SCRIP solves include routing loops, high storage and signaling overhead, and convergence times that may become too long. These problems are solved by maintaining reference distances, supporting both on-demand and proactive routing, and implementing other techniques for the efficient exchange of distance-vector information. The main idea that allows SCRIP to be loop free and therefore more efficient, was introduced in Ordered Distance Vector Routing (ODVR). ODVR is a routing protocol used in wireless ad-hoc networks that showed that it was possible to maintain loop freedom through distance values alone. A formal proof of correctness and completeness shows that SCRIP is able to exhibit loop freedom at every point in its operation. Simulation experiments using ns-3 show that SCRIP performs better than RIP and OSPF in terms of convergence and signaling overhead in a variety of scenarios.

关键词： Black history   Film studies  

摘要： This dissertation utilizes archival documents, newspapers, and literature to trace the formation of black film culture in New York City between 1896-1935. I explore some of the many institutions surrounding cinema, such as censorship, labor, and film criticism that have been overlooked in histories of black culture in the city. Black New Yorkers interacted with cinema as workers, cultural consumers and producers, dynamic protestors and critics, and unyielding individuals and, in so doing, forged a film culture that was uniquely their own. Scholarship on black New Yorkers has yet to take into serious consideration the many ways that interactions with cinema provided space for protest, expressions of freedom, business opportunities, and the building of a community in the face of discrimination. Ultimately, this study argues that black film culture in New York City provided opportunities for black New Yorkers to assert a language of rights, democracy, and anti-racism by engaging and using a modern medium.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Computer science  

摘要： It has been shown that image segmentation models can be improved with an adversarial loss. Additionally, previous analysis of adversarial examples in image classification has shown that image datasets contain features that are not easily recognized by humans. This work investigates the effect of using a second adversarial loss to further improve image segmentation. The proposed model uses two generative adversarial networks stacked together, where the first generator takes an image as input and generates a segmentation map. The second generator then takes this predicted segmentation map as input and predicts the errors relative to the ground truth segmentation map. If these errors contained additional features that are not easily recognized by humans, they could possibly be learned by a discriminator. The proposed model did not consistently show significant improvement over a single generative adversarial model, casting doubt about the existence of such features.

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关键词： Computer science  

摘要： Programmers in related constraint-logic languages should have language semantics that span different implementations and enable reasoning generally about the shared parts of languages' behaviors while reflecting their differences. A wide class of miniKanren languages are syntactic extensions over a small kernel logic programming language with interrelated semantics parameterized by their constraint systems. This thesis characterizes succinctly a set of miniKanren CLP languages parameterized by their constraints, for pure, relational programming by instantiating, for each, portions of the constraint domain. This set of languages carry related components of their declarative and operational semantics that are independent of a particular host language or their particular constraint sets. This characterization bolsters the development of useful tools and aids in solving important tasks with pure relational programming.

关键词： Commerce-Business   Behavioral sciences   Computer science  

摘要： Innovative technology has been evolving the world and effectiveness of man since the dawn of humanity. The earliest inventions have one thing in common with the latest inventions that we are currently experiencing. That commonality is described as the evolution of technology to allow for tasks to become more natural. The latest attempt in the realm of technology is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT enabled the integration of machines and humanity while supporting and increasing mobility, streamlining processes, jobs, tasks, and cultivating an environment tailored to humanity. Currently, IoT is evolving, but it is ages away from a perfect system. A significant challenge is that developers are concentrating on improving IoT while ignoring the human factor, which creates gaps of knowledge since no study discovers the variables affecting diffusion of the system. The study addresses the issues that are affecting adoption in Colorado Springs residents. The research surveyed participants using an online survey instrument to measure the perception of IoT from participants. The online survey was engineered using a structured pattern to capture the experience, knowledge, and perceptions of each participant with guidance from Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), Planned Behavior (PB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), and Theory for Acceptance and Use of Pervasive Information Technology (TAUPIT) theories. Analysis of frequency demographic data revealed that out of the 97 participants, only 53 have knowledge of IoT, and regression analysis suggests that all behavior-characteristic variables have a positive correlation, thus impacting adoption.

关键词： Health care management   Computer science  

摘要： Malicious attacks against healthcare providers has become a big business. This is because healthcare information remains viable longer than credit card information and cannot be replaced or reset, like getting a new credit card. Not all medical devices can be protected with an anti-virus or anti-malware program or hide behind a firewall. Implanted and wearable medical device have proprietary operating systems and are classified as constrained systems that make them a challenge for cybersecurity professionals to protect. This design science research examines the feasibility of adding a cryptographic algorithm to an implantable medical device to protect communications between the device and its monitoring station, where one did not previously exist, and the effect on the battery life due to the addition of the new algorithm. The population for this study includes lightweight cryptographic algorithms designed to secure communications between devices. The sample includes four lightweight block ciphers and one lightweight stream cipher that were purposefully selected to ensure diversity across the population. A standard block cipher is also included for representation. The input data were collected from various sources on the Internet and through an interview with the reference device manufacturer. These data were processed through a series of calculations that use an algorithm’s gate equivalence measure and the circuit’s power per NAND gate shift to determine the additional power consumption attribution for each algorithm in the study. This result is then factored into the power consumption rate prior to the algorithm to calculate the new battery life.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Computer science  

摘要： Art-directability is a crucial aspect of creating aesthetically pleasing visual effects that help tell stories. A particularly common method of art direction is the retiming of a simulation. Unfortunately, the means of retiming an existing simulation sequence which preserves the desired shapes is an ill-defined problem. Naively interpolating values between frames leads to visual artifacts such as choppy frames or jittering intensities. Due to the difficulty in formulating a proper interpolation method we elect to use a machine learning approach to approximate this function. Our model is based on the ODE-net structure and reproduces a set of desired time samples (in our case equivalent to time steps) that achieves the desired new sequence speed, based on training from frames in the original sequence. The flexibility of the updated sequences' duration provided by the time samples input makes this a visually effective and intuitively directable way to retime a simulation.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Computer science  

摘要： Writing efficient programs for heterogeneous platforms is challenging: programmers must deal with multiple programming models, partition work for CPUs and accelerators with different compute capabilities, requiring different amounts of parallelism, and manage memory in multiple distinct address spaces. Consequently, programming models which only require expressing parallelism and data dependences can not only unburden the programmer from these technical decisions, but also increase code and performance portability. Past research has identified data-flow task parallel programming models are a good fit for increasing the programmer productivity as well as unleashing the parallel processing power of massively parallel heterogeneous architectures. Especially, the dependence information readily available in the modern data-flow task parallel programming models can be exploited for a better task and data placement decisions to achieve higher performance and portability. This thesis focuses on the efficient scheduling of data-flow task parallel programs to a wide range of heterogeneous architectures from multi-core CPUs combined with discrete GPUs to multi-core CPUs with FPGA in system-on-chips. The proposed strategies balance the workload across heterogeneous resources, while simultaneously leveraging the task dependence information available in OpenStream—a platform-neutral and heterogeneity-agnostic data-flow programming model—to optimize the scheduling of tasks and data transfers.