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关键词： Feature extraction   Clustering methods   Optical imaging   Electronic mail   Videos   Computer science   Correlation   Crowd analysis   group detection   context descriptor   multiview clustering   graph clustering  

摘要： Detecting coherent groups is fundamentally important for crowd behavior analysis. In the past few decades, plenty of works have been conducted on this topic, but most of them have limitations due to the insufficient utilization of crowd properties and the arbitrary processing of individuals. In this study, a Multiview-based Parameter Free framework (MPF) is proposed. Based on the L1-norm and L2-norm, we design two versions of the multiview clustering method, which is the main part of the proposed framework. This paper presents the contributions on three aspects: (1) a new structural context descriptor is designed to characterize the structural properties of individuals in crowd scenes;(2) a self-weighted multiview clustering method is proposed to cluster feature points by incorporating their orientation and context similarities;and (3) a novel framework is introduced for group detection, which is able to determine the group number automatically without any parameter or threshold to be tuned. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated on real-world crowd videos, and the experimental results show its promising performance on group detection. In addition, the proposed multiview clustering method is also evaluated on a synthetic dataset and several standard benchmarks, and its superiority over the state-of-the-art competitors is demonstrated.

关键词： problem formulation   computational thinking   problem solving archetype  

摘要： Problems that are carefully formulated lead students to develop more sufficient and realistic solutions. By front-loading the process of problem solving through problem formulation, students are able to reduce the amount of time spent on solution development, and thus increase their efficiency towards meeting their main objective. By teaching students problem formulation, especially in computer science related activities, foundational skills in computational thinking are introduced, used, and refined. Using a problem solving archetype as a means for this formulation is an effective tool for students to leverage. As computational thinking skills are honed, these concepts can translate across barriers into other content areas.

关键词： Law-enforcement officers killed   capital punishment   mixed methods  

摘要： Although all jurisdictions with capital punishment currently have at least one statutory aggravating factor for causing the death of a law-enforcement officer, little is currently known about the fate of these persons. There is a common perception that these individuals would be the most likely to receive a death sentence among those convicted of capital crimes;however, this assumption has not been empirically tested. The purpose of this research was to examine this assumption in the state of North Carolina among the population of offenders convicted of capital murder between the years of 1977 and 2009. Quantitative analysis shows that murdering a law-enforcement officer does not increase the likelihood of a death sentence. Additional qualitative analysis of these cases examines the ultimate fate of these offenders and reveals that the death penalty is reserved for those who either specifically seek out law-enforcement officers, brutalize and degrade them, or kill them in an attempt to avoid arrest or to escape that is either unsuccessful or did not require the murder to succeed in these endeavors. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

关键词： 计算机在材料科学中的应用   教学改革   工程教育认证  

摘要： 《计算机在材料科学中的应用》是一门兼具理论性和实践性,融合计算机技术和材料科学学科基础的跨学科的重要专业课程。根据工程教育认证的要求,本文从课程目标设定、教学内容设置、教学过程设计三个方面对该课程的教学进行改革与探索,以期实现课程教学的认知目标与情感目标,提升学生的知识应用能力,培养学生工程综合素质与实践创新能力。

关键词： Computer bugs   Computer science   Software   Libraries  

摘要： In the above named work (ibid., vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 984???1001, Oct. 2019), the corresponding author should have been listed as Bin Liang. The footnote information is corrected here.

关键词： 面向产出   持续改进   反馈机制  

摘要： 工程教育专业认证的三大理念是学生中心、成果导向和持续改进。而持续改进的关键是建立教学过程质量监控机制、毕业生跟踪反馈机制和社会评价机制。同时将三大机制的反馈结果作用于修订专业培养目标,促进毕业要求达成,以及课程体系的重新修订。

关键词： 数学   计算机科学   应用  

摘要： 数学是计算机科学中不可忽视的重要内容,其为计算机科学的形成与发展奠定了基础。阐述了数学模型、离散数学、组合数学及数论在计算机科学中的应用,为计算机编程、模型建设、数据存储等方面提供了理论支持。

关键词： Uncertainty   Entropy   Tools   Crowdsourcing   Databases   Computer science   Task analysis   crowdsourcing   uncertainty reduction   schema matching  

摘要： Schema matching is a central challenge for data integration systems. Inspired by the popularity and the success of crowdsourcing platforms, we explore the use of crowdsourcing to reduce the uncertainty of schema matching. Since crowdsourcing platforms are most effective for simple questions, we assume that each Correspondence Correctness Question (CCQ) asks the crowd to decide whether a given correspondence should exist in the correct matching. Furthermore, members of a crowd may sometimes return incorrect answers with different probabilities. Accuracy rates of individual crowd workers can be attributes of CCQs as well as evaluations of individual workers. We prove that uncertainty reduction equals to entropy of answers minus entropy of crowds and show how to obtain lower and upper bounds for it. We propose frameworks and efficient algorithms to dynamically manage the CCQs to maximize the uncertainty reduction within a limited budget of questions. We develop two novel approaches, namely "Single CCQ" and "Multiple CCQ", which adaptively select, publish, and manage questions. We verify the value of our solutions with simulation and real implementation.

关键词： Professional communication   terminological system   cognitive approach   thesaurus   frame model  

摘要： The paper presents the results of the cognitive modeling of the COMPUTER SCIENCE terminological system in the form of a thesaurus. The thesaurus comprises over 3000 units, which are drawn from explanatory monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of computer science terms representing the basic phenomena and processes in the professional context. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the frame model and focuses on semantic relations specific to the sphere of computer science in terms of ontological and epistemological features. The thesaurus facilitates the detailed description and effective arrangement of the terminological system characterized by a complicated hierarchical structure, and thus plays a crucial role in forming and developing professional competencies.