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关键词： Multi-agent system (MAS)   Life cycle assessment (LCA)   Environmental impact   University campus   Time-dependent variations   Interaction  

摘要： Neighborhoods consume large amount of energy and generate substantial pollutant emissions worldwide, and assessment of the environmental impacts (EIs) has garnered particular attention. Nevertheless, the traditional life cycle assessment (LCA) method fails to account for the local variability in non-homogeneous systems due to spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions. Hence, this study integrated the multi-agent system (MAS) with the dynamic LCA (DLCA) model to develop an intelligent EIs assessment model at the neighborhood scale from an interactive and dynamic perspective. MAS was employed to simulate the interactions in neighborhoods and generate foreground elementary flow data considering dynamics. DLCA provides an impact assessment framework. The proposed model was applied to a university campus to demonstrate its operability, and the enhancement effectiveness of integrating MAS with DLCA can be observed. The interactions among the climate, people, and built environment agents on the campus were simulated.10 temporal dynamic factors and four kinds of case-specific dynamic parameters were considered. The effects of several optimization strategies were simulated, and valuable directions, like raising energy conservation awareness, regulating public devices, and improving the campus layout, were proposed. This study established a comprehensive integrated MAS-DLCA model at the neighborhood scale, providing a methodology and practical application process for future studies. It can be used to promote green neighborhood management and sustainable city practices.

关键词： adult learning   data science applications in education   human-computer interface   21st century abilities  

摘要： The study focuses on evaluating the performance of AI-based tools, specifically ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0, in comparison to human students in the field of Theoretical Computer Science Education. The experiment aims to assess the capabilities of both AI and human subjects in solving learning tasks based on Bloom's Taxonomy. The primary objectives of the study are to determine the educational performance of AI and students, identify areas where students may outperform AI in learning tasks, and evaluate the normalized overall results of educational performance with equal assignment weights. The assessment included testing on various types of Bloom's Learning Task Taxonomy (LTT) based on specific Learning Objectives (LOs). Hypotheses were formulated for quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare the performance of AI and human subjects. Quantitative analysis revealed engaging results regarding the educational performance evaluation with AI-based tools. While some differences were observed in the performance of AI and students, the normalized overall results with equal assignment weights did not show statistically significant differences. The study highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of both humans and AI bots in solving learning tasks. The study concludes that there are areas where students may have an advantage over AI in tasks requiring understanding, evaluation, and creative thinking. Recommendations are provided for educators on utilizing AI-based tools in education, emphasizing the coexistence of AI possibilities with well-designed assignments. The findings suggest that AI has a valuable role in education, and a thorough analysis of teaching approaches and student evaluation is essential in leveraging artificial intelligence effectively.

关键词： IEEE Regions   Collaboration   Social networking (online)   Web sites   Open Access   Multimedia communication   Hands   Computer science   Bibliometrics   Reviews   editorial  

摘要： Editorial of inaugural edition of IEEE Latin America Transactions in 2025.

关键词： Gender inclusivity   Education   Persona   GenderMag   Computer science   Software engineering   Software usability  

摘要： Women are underrepresented in Computer Science (CS)/ Software Engineering (SE) and other technology related degrees. As undergraduates, they are also less likely to persist with CS/SE studies than men enrolled in those same courses. Gender correlated differences in personal characteristics, behaviour, and preferences mean that course design decisions may introduce unintended bias. To address this issue, we drew inspiration from the GenderMag method. GenderMag uses personas with evidence-based gender differences in problem-solving traits to detect usability issues in software. In this paper we investigate the personal qualities of CS and SE students, and how these influence their CS/SE learning journey. A series of persona development workshops were held to gather an extensive and unique qualitative dataset capturing the prior experiences, preferences, learning styles, motivations, goals, frustrations, and constraints of CS/SE students. Gender differences were used to construct preliminary male and female student personas. These personas were used in cognitive walkthroughs of software applications commonly used in education, and their performance compared to GenderMag's Tim and Abi. While the student personas were less effective and lacked specificity compared to Abi, they were able to identify issues not detectable with GenderMag. Furthermore, the findings show the utility of persona development workshops as a data collection method and introduce a comprehensive list of CS/SE student qualities that may inspire future investigations.

关键词： advanced technology   aquaculture   black tiger shrimp   current status   Penaeus monodon   shrimp farming  

摘要： The increasing high-end market demand for the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has brought tremendous industry opportunities. Although the industry has tried its best to increase production, according to the report data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), annual global production has shown no significant upward trend over the past decade. Besides that, newly implemented policies such as seafood safety and food security negatively impacted the industry and reduced production. However, P. monodon cultivation is still promising due to its larger body size and higher market acceptance as a premium product. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted to increase the production of P. monodon by optimizing its culture conditions, implementing new culture system, increasing disease resistance to disease such as WSSV, AHPND, WFD, implementation of pre- and probiotics in feed, and selective breeding programs to increase genetic diversity and population of P. monodon broodstock. This review provides an overview of the current advances in P. monodon broodstock cultivation, thereby providing an essential baseline for P. monodon aquaculture. Areas needing urgent research focus are also highlighted. Future research should take great strides and take into account the impact of future climate change scenario during P. monodon culture and optimization, and increase biosecurity measures to prevent its introduction as an alien species in wild settings.

关键词： Germanium   Silicon   Avalanche photodiodes   Electric fields   Breakdown voltage   Voltage measurement   Standards   PIN photodiodes   Computer science   Avalanche breakdown   GeSn avalanche photodiode   infrared photodetector   multiplication gain   thin Ge buffer  

摘要： We demonstrate monolithically grown germanium-tin (GeSn) on silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for infrared light detection. A relatively thinner Ge buffer design was adopted to allow effective photo carriers to transport from the GeSn absorber to the Si multiplication layer such that clear punch-through behavior and a saturated primary responsivity of 0.3 A/W at 1550 nm were observed before avalanche breakdown in GeSn/Si APDs for the first time. The spectral response covers 1500 to 1700 nm. The measured punch-through and breakdown voltages are 15 and 17 V, respectively. Undisputed multiplication gain was obtained with the maximum value of 4.5 at 77 K, and 1.4 at 250 K, directly in reference to the saturated primary responsivity from the same device rather than a different GeSn p-i-n photodiode in previous reports. A peak responsivity was measured as 1.12 A/W at 1550 nm and 77 K.

关键词： Anomaly detection   Correlation   Feature extraction   Computer science   Vectors   Transformers   Software   Semantics   Reviews   Representation learning   Graph anomaly detection   graph neural networks   canonical correlation analysis   graph embedding  

摘要： In unsupervised graph anomaly detection, existing methods usually focus on detecting outliers by learning local context information of nodes, while often ignoring the importance of global context. However, global context information can provide more comprehensive relationship information between nodes in the network. By considering the structure of the entire network, detection methods are able to identify potential dependencies and interaction patterns between nodes, which is crucial for anomaly detection. Therefore, we propose an innovative graph anomaly detection framework, termed CoCo (Context Correlation Discrepancy Analysis), which detects anomalies by meticulously evaluating variances in correlations. Specifically, CoCo leverages the strengths of Transformers in sequence processing to effectively capture both global and local contextual features of nodes by aggregating neighbor features at various hops. Subsequently, a correlation analysis module is employed to maximize the correlation between local and global contexts of each normal node. Unseen anomalies are ultimately detected by measuring the discrepancy in the correlation of nodes' contextual features. Extensive experiments conducted on six datasets with synthetic outliers and five datasets with organic outliers have demonstrated the significant effectiveness of CoCo compared to existing methods.

关键词： African American   Black press   consumer culture   race   gender  

摘要： This article traces the early origins of Black consumer culture as it was portrayed in the Black press from the late 1800s to the early 1920s. It argues that Black newspapers were important agents in shaping how African Americans conceived of and interacted with the evolving commercial sphere around the turn of the century. Papers such as the Pittsburgh Courier, the Broad Ax, the Tulsa Star, and many others celebrated participation in the consumer arena as a respectable and desired practice. They also distinguished between shopping, as a social feminine pursuit, and patronizing Black-owned businesses, which was perceived as a gender-neutral, or even manly, racial duty. Espousing African American elite ideologies such as racial uplift and self-help, Black editors presented any purchasing of goods as an upright activity, which adorned its performer with affluence, respect, and power. Such portrayal encouraged the participation of African Americans in the consumer sphere and implied that it was an arena of similarity rather than difference.

关键词： Security   Authentication   Protocols   Vehicular ad hoc networks   Privacy   Cryptography   Electronic mail   Resists   Computer science   Transportation   VANET   smart contract   blockchain   conditional privacy-preserving authentication   security and privacy   trust management  

摘要： Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) dwell on Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) for message dissemination to achieve the goal of traffic safety and efficiency. VANETs achieve communication among vehicles and roadside units via wireless communication. Hence, security and privacy are significant concerns to be addressed for an effective application of secure VANETs in any ITS. Researchers have addressed these issues with trust management-based schemes or cryptography-based schemes. While these schemes can secure VANETs, they have various limitations presenting hindrances in their deployment. In this context, we have proposed a Blockchain-assisted Trust Computation with a Conditional Privacy-preserving Authentication (BTC2PA) scheme for connected vehicles. The BTC2PA scheme uses a blockchain (Ethereum) assisted PKI infrastructure with digital signatures to achieve authentication for secure communication. Furthermore, it integrates a trust score computation scheme based on a reward and punishment mechanism to provide resistance against internal attacks. The feasibility and validity of the proposed BTC2PA scheme have been studied by implementation work in Rinkeby (Ethereum test network) and extensive simulations using NS-3. The results obtained show that the proposed BTC2PA scheme meets the security and privacy requirements while significantly improving the performance metrics such as communication, storage, computation cost, and end-to-end delay when compared to existing schemes.