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摘要： The development of the competence of future computer science teachers is formed not in the process of independent thinking, but in the process of significantly increasing the knowledge acquired at previous stages during training at a higher educational institution. This means that each previous level of such training is a necessary condition for the formation of new ones. Thus, the level of preparation of a future teacher for innovative activities is determined by his ability to solve a system of pedagogical tasks that ensures successful professional activity. This is one of the main requirements of the continuing education system. In this regard, it is considered relevant to master the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of digital technologies, in conditions of their effective use, in order to improve the quality level of professional qualifications, the formation of knowledge and skills of teachers. This article analyzes that one of the important tasks is to develop the competence of future computer science teachers, both theoretically and practically.

关键词： STEM   Black girls   Creativity   Computer science  

摘要： In the USA, Black women face significant underrepresentation in the computer science field. By diversifying the field with women of color, the technology industry can mitigate prevailing unconscious and conscious biases. The study presented in this article addresses a gap in creativity research by examining Black creativity, which is often overlooked by scholars. Through a 9-week afterschool program, Black girls learned to code virtual chatbots through authentic computer science activities, such as coding with Python. Through utilizing quantitative ethnography methods and epistemic network analysis, this study explores the extent in which Black girls engage in creative problem-solving as they learn to code. The epistemic networks revealed nuanced insights into the students' creative problem-solving processes as they engaged in coding. Epistemic network analysis has been demonstrated to be an innovative and culturally responsive approach to examining creativity, a concept historically measured through surveys. This study introduces innovative methods to involve Black girls in a STEM-related field where they are often marginalized while also capturing the intricate ways they engage in creative problem-solving.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning  

摘要： The field of Computer science (CS) has rapidly evolved over the past fewdecades, providing computational tools and methodologies to various fields andforming new interdisciplinary communities. This growth in CS has significantlyimpacted institutional practices and relevant research communities. Therefore,it is crucial to explore what specific research values, known as basic andfundamental beliefs that guide or motivate research attitudes or actions,CS-related research communities promote. Prior research has manually analyzedresearch values from a small sample of machine learning papers. No prior workhas studied the automatic detection of research values in CS from large-scalescientific texts across different research subfields. This paper introduces adetailed annotation scheme featuring ten research values that guide CS-relatedresearch. Based on the scheme, we build value classifiers to scale up theanalysis and present a systematic study over 226,600 paper abstracts from 32CS-related subfields and 86 popular publishing venues over ten years. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Physics   Optics   Computer science  

摘要： Plasmon-induced transparency is a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). However, its realization and control primarily rely on geometry engineering rather than tuning plasmon polaritons (PPs) themselves, due to their relatively poor tunability. Recently discovered polariton modes in low- symmetry materials exhibit volume-confined field distributions, thickness-dependent dispersions, and in- plane anisotropy, offering possibilities for the realization and manipulation of polariton-induced transparency (PIT). In this study, we theoretically achieve geometry-symmetry-free and material-symmetry-guaranteed PIT based on volume-confined phonon polaritons (vPhPs) in stacked bilayer a-MoO3 structures. PIT arises from the strong resonance of vPhPs and the subsequent robust near-field coupling at large thicknesses, where the in-plane anisotropy of vPhPs results in multi-spectral PIT across different polariton bands, enabling the tuning of PIT by adjusting the lattice orientation of a-MoO3 without altering geometry. These findings highlight the potential of polariton modes beyond PPs in PIT systems, with applications in sensors, modulators, and slow light systems.

关键词： Open source software  

摘要： When Computer Science (CS) students try to use or extend open-source software (OSS) projects, they often encounter the common challenge of OSS failing to build on their local machines. Even though OSS often provides ready-to-build packages, subtle differences in local environment setups can lead to build issues, costing students tremendous time and effort in debugging. Despite the prevalence of build issues faced by CS students, there is a lack of studies exploring this topic. To investigate the build issues frequently encountered by CS students and explore methods to help them resolve these issues, we conducted a novel dual-phase study involving 330 build tasks among 55 CS students. Phase I characterized the build issues students faced, their resolution attempts, and the effectiveness of those attempts. Based on these findings, Phase II introduced an intervention method that emphasized key information (e.g., recommended programming language versions) to students. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of our intervention in improving build success rates. Our research will shed light on future directions in related areas, such as CS education on best practices for software builds and enhanced tool support to simplify the build process. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Vectors   Testing   Indexes   Time complexity   Glass box   Frequency modulation   Computer science   Codes   Fault diagnosis   Closed box   Lexicographical ordering (LO)   regression testing   software product lines (SPL)   software testing   test case prioritization (TCP)  

摘要： Test case prioritization (TCP) has been widely used in software testing, which aims to execute test cases that are more likely to detect faults earlier than others. Among many proposed TCP approaches, lexicographical ordering-based TCP (LO-TCP) can effectively resolve ties encountered in the prioritization process, leading to better performance than original TCP approaches. However, the current LO-TCP needs to use the white-box information such as the code coverage of the program under test, which may be infeasible in some black-box testing applications such as software product lines (SPLs). In this article, we transfer the traditional LO-TCP to SPL testing by leveraging test configuration coverage instead of code coverage, and also empirically conduct some simulations and evaluate the large-scale real-world programs with real faults. The experimental results show that LO-TCP can have better performance for testing SPLs, as compared with traditional TCP approaches.

关键词： Computer science   Social sciences  

摘要： In recent years, incorporating tax mechanisms into evolutionary game theory has become a popular research focus. However, previous studies often failed to simultaneously consider the coexistence of heterogeneity in tax collection and distribution. In this article, we introduce a heterogeneous tax mechanism and apply it to the reward model of the traditional public goods game. Surprisingly, changes in reward costs have little impact on defectors, primarily influencing competition within cooperative strategies. We explain the reason for this phenomenon through the individual's strategy transfer probabilities. Another important finding is that rewarding cooperators is always available despite their number being few at lower tax rates. It is because when rewarding cooperators face unfavorable situations, global tax becomes a key factor in maintaining their survival. Finally, the robustness of the model is verified.

关键词： Yule model   binary search tree   shape parameter   moment-transfer approach   contraction method   beta-splitting model  

摘要： Shape parameters, e.g. balance indices, of evolutionary trees have been extensively studied under the Yule model in phylogenetics. Independently, many of the same parameters have also been studied for random binary search trees in computer science, where they measure the running time of algorithms. In fact, under the Yule and binary search tree models, these parameters have the same distribution, resulting in many identical discoveries. In this survey, we explain these connections and introduce some of the tools that have been used in computer science to derive stochastic results for shape *** article is part of the theme issue '"A mathematical theory of evolution": phylogenetic models dating back 100 years'.

关键词： Stereotype threat   Gender   E-learning   Computer science   MOOC  

摘要： Despite ongoing progress towards gender equality in education, women remain significantly underrepresented in computer science-a field still shaped by stereotypical expectations in our society. This gap is evident in both traditional classroom settings and online learning platforms such as MOOCs, where women face psychological barriers that hinder their learning success. As MOOCs increase accessibility and democratize education, it's particularly important to address the barriers women face in these platforms. By analyzing 338,459 negative reviews from 8,067 IT and software courses offered by the MOOC provider Udemy, we explored the differences in how men and women experience these online learning environments. Our analysis was complemented by ten expert interviews, which helped us develop key propositions to explain these gender-based differences and derive guidelines to overcome them. Our results reveal that men and women criticize similar topics in IT courses, demonstrating that they do not belong to different user groups. However, differences between male and female reviews emerge within each topic. These differences are reflected in different communication styles, demands and areas of emphasis, shaped by gender-specific backgrounds, socialization processes and stereotypes. To overcome these differences, we propose seven guidelines drawing form Stereotype Threat Theory for designing gender-inclusive online courses that focus on inclusive communication and representation, creating supportive learning environments, and implementing high-quality, bias-aware educational practices. Aiming to foster greater participation and success for women in computer science.

关键词： Computer science   Politics  

摘要： The country is betting on AI to develop practical, cost-effective business tools for global markets, especially lower-income countries.