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关键词： Biomedical engineering   Computer science   Mechanical engineering   Applied computing in medical science   Artificial intelligence   Computational mechanics   Process modeling   Biomedical devices   Surface electromyography   Data visualization   Correlation   Mutual information   Artificial neural networks   Kinematics estimation  

摘要： The inputs to the outputs of nonlinear systems can be modeled using machine and deep learning approaches, among which artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a promising option. However, noisy signals affect ANN modeling negatively;hence, it is important to investigate these signals prior to the modeling. Herein, two customized and simple approaches, visual inspection and absolute correlation, are proposed to examine the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a nonlinear system. The system under consideration uses bio-signals from surface electromyography as inputs and human finger joint angles as outputs, acquired from eight intact participants performing movements and grasping tasks in dynamic conditions. Furthermore, the results of these approaches are tested using the standard mutual information measure. Hence, the system dimensionality is reduced, and the ANN learning (convergence) is accelerated, where the most informative inputs are selected for the next phase. Subsequently, four ANN types, i.e., feedforward, cascade-forward, radial basis function, and generalized regression ANNs, are used to perform the modeling. Finally, the performance of the ANNs is compared with findings from the signal analysis. Results indicate a high level of consistency among all the aforementioned signal pre-analysis techniques from one side, and they also indicate that these techniques match the ANN performances from the other side. As an example, for a certain movement set, the ANN models resulted in the rotation estimation accuracy of the joints in the following descending order: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal. This information has been indicated in the signal pre-analysis step. Therefore, this step is crucial in input-output variable selections prior to machine-/deeplearning-based modeling approaches.

关键词： Hidden Markov models   Computational modeling   Games   Predictive models   Task analysis   Adaptation models   Computer science   Computational thinking   deep learning   educational games   game-based learning   stealth assessment  

摘要： A distinctive feature of game-based learning environments is their capacity for enabling stealth assessment. Stealth assessment analyzes a stream of fine-grained student interaction data from a game-based learning environment to dynamically draw inferences about students' competencies through evidence-centered design. In evidence-centered design, evidence models have been traditionally designed using statistical rules authored by domain experts that are encoded using Bayesian networks. This article presents DeepStealth, a deep learning-based stealth assessment framework, that yields significant reductions in the feature engineering labor that has previously been required to create stealth assessments. DeepStealth utilizes end-to-end trainable deep neural network-based evidence models. Using this framework, evidence models are devised using a set of predictive features captured from raw, low-level interaction data to infer evidence for competencies. We investigate two deep learning-based evidence models, long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and n-gram encoded feedforward neural networks (FFNNs). We compare these models' predictive performance for inferring students' knowledge to linear-chain conditional random fields (CRFs) and naive Bayes models. We perform feature set-level analyses of game trace logs and external pre-learning measures, and we examine the models' early prediction capacity. The framework is evaluated using data collected from 182 middle school students interacting with a game-based learning environment for middle grade computational thinking. Results indicate that LSTM-based stealth assessors outperform competitive baseline approaches with respect to predictive accuracy and early prediction capacity. We find that LSTMs, FFNNs, and CRFs all benefit from combined feature sets derived from both game trace logs and external pre-learning measures.

关键词： Computer science   Electrical engineering   Systems engineering   Automation   Computer engineering   Robotics   Electromechanics   Petroleum industry   IEC-61499   MQTT protocol   Robot operating system (ROS)   Teleoperation   Oil &   Gas process  

摘要： Teleoperation virtual platforms allow people to send their skills and capacities into machines located in either relative close (few meters away) or far (different continents) locations. With the use of lightweight protocols, people can remotely control the actions and movements of robots so they can avoid physical interaction with dangerous or risky places. Oil and gas well-pads stations are working zones considered hazardous due to the various chemical substances used in their daily processes. This characteristic makes these places the perfect candidates for the implementation of teleoperation solutions in order to reduce the direct interaction of humans with different chemicals and risky situations. The following investigation focuses on the development of a base teleoperation scheme to perform inspection and maintenance tasks in the inside one of these hydrocarbon facilities. The proposed system aims to generate an easily scalable teleoperation solution using distributed control schemes and a lightweight communication protocol to remotely manipulate a KUKA mobile manipulator. As the first stage of this investigation, the main result focuses on the development of the generic control and communication functions that allow the physical testing of the system using a KUKA YouBOT mobile manipulator and the help of a qualified operator of the station.

关键词： Electrical engineering   Computer science   Network (computer science)   Computer engineering   Communication system   CPT   OPS   Optical networks   QoS  

摘要： In optical networks, such as OPS/OBS, the network results into significant loss in the network layer. When the loss significantly deteriorates the QoS by increasing the Bit Error Rate (BER), a viable approach can be used to increase the performance. This paper presents state of the art of Quality of Service (QoS) schemes used for improving the performance of optical networks. Furthermore, some possible applications and performance data are summarized based on Packet Loss Rate (PLR), secrecy, survivability and other parameters. The different states of art methods proposed by several authors are compared with Coded Packet Transport (CPT) scheme. We believe that this study is valuable to researchers envisaging a novel approach to enhance the performance of optical networks for telecommunications networks of the future.

关键词： Computer science   Word list   Lexical coverage   Academic vocabulary   Technical vocabulary  

摘要： This study specifically addresses the needs for English-medium textbook reading comprehension of Chinese computer science undergraduates who have already mastered about 3,300 general English word families prescribed by the Ministry of Education before entering university. Thirty textbooks on various subjects of computer science were chosen to build a Computer Science Textbook Corpus (CSTC) containing 7.51 million running words. Based on criteria of range, frequency, and dispersion, 356 word families outside the 3,300 items within students' knowledge were extracted to form the Computer Science Vocabulary List (CSVL). The CSVL accounted for 4.79% of the tokens in the CSTC but only 0.39% in a fiction corpus. The CSVL, combined with students' lexical repertoire acquired from secondary education, provided 95.16% coverage of the corpus, reaching the minimum requirement for reading comprehension suggested by Laufer (1989). By analyzing the overlapping proportion of related word lists pairwise, this study further established that the development of specialized word lists achieved the best efficiency if targeting at a homogenous audience. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cancer   Computational biology and bioinformatics   Microscopy   Computer science  

摘要： Artificial-intelligence methods are moving into cancer research. Artificial-intelligence methods are moving into cancer research.

关键词： DEATH row   CAPITAL punishment   SOLITARY confinement   PRISONS   APPELLATE courts  

摘要： The article present a court case "Porter v. Clarke", was praised as a step forward for the rights of those held on death row, as well as a major victory in the battle against solitary confinement. It mentions that case alleged that conditions of confinement on the row violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment; and also mentions the Supreme Court has emphasized that courts should exercise deference to prison officials in carrying out their duties.

关键词： Computer science   Industry 4.0   Cloud computing   Fog nodes   Fog computing   Smart factories  

摘要： The industrial applications in the cloud do not meet the requirements of low latency and reliability since variables must be continuously monitored. For this reason, industrial internet of things (IIoT) is a challenge for the current infrastructure because it generates a large amount of data making cloud computing reach the edge and become fog computing (FC). FC can be considered as a new component of Industry 4.0, which aims to solve the problem of big data, reduce energy consumption in industrial sensor networks, improve the security, processing and storage real-time data. It is a promising growing paradigm that offers new opportunities and challenges, beside the ones inherited from cloud computing, which requires a new heterogeneous architecture to improve the network capacity for delivering edge services, that is, providing computing resources closer to the end user. The purpose of this research is to show a systematic review of the most recent studies about the architecture, security, latency, and energy consumption that FC presents at industrial level and thus provide an overview of the current characteristics and challenges of this new technology.

关键词： capital punishment   gender   images of God   masculinity   militarism   penal populism   punitiveness   religion   War on Terror  

摘要： Prior research demonstrates that multiple dimensions of religiosity significantly predict punitive attitudes and militarism. This study highlights the importance of believing in a masculine God, an aspect of religiosity with a robust and consistent relationship to punitiveness and militarism, but which has previously been unexamined. After accounting for multiple aspects of religiosity highlighted by previous research-such as frequency of religious practice, religious tradition, fundamentalist identity and beliefs, and other dimensions of God image including love, anger, judgment, and engagement-believing that God is a "He" consistently and strongly increases support for harsh social policies targeting intra-societal enemies (criminals), as well as general militarism and campaigns targeting extra-societal enemies (e.g. "terrorists"). These results highlight the importance of theorizing and measuring gendered dimensions of belief in God, as well as the importance of fine-grained considerations of religion in studies of penal populism and militarism.