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关键词： Computer science   Geophysics   Poisson ratio   Artificial neural network   Neural network architecture   Machine learning  

摘要： We provide a MATLAB computer code for training artificial neural network (ANN) with N+1 layer (N-hidden layer) architecture. Currently, the ANN application to solving geophysical problems have been confined to the 2-layer, i.e. 1-hidden layer, architecture because there are no open source software codes for higher numbered layer architecture. The restriction to the 2-layer architecture comes with the attendant model error due to insufficient hidden neurons to fully define the ANN machines. The N-hidden layer ANN has a general architecture whose sensitivity is the accumulation of the backpropagation of the error between the feedforward output and the target patterns. The trained ANN machine can be retrieved by the gradient optimization method namely: Levenberg-Marquardt, steepest descent or conjugate gradient methods. Our test results on the Poisson's ratio (as a function of compressional and shear wave velocities) machines with 2-, 3- and 4-layer ANN architectures reveal that the machines with higher number of layers outperform those with lower number of layers. Specifically, the 3- and 4-layer ANN machines have >= 97% accuracy, predicting the lithology and fluid identification in the oil and gas industry by means of the Poisson's ratio, whereas the 2-layer ANN machines poorly predict the results with as large error as 20%. These results therefore reinforce our belief that this open source code will facilitate the training of accurate N-hidden layer ANN sophisticated machines with high performance and quality delivery of geophysical solutions. Moreover, the easy portability of the functions of the code into other software will enhance a versatile application and further research to improve its performance.

关键词： Computer science   Business process   Five generation (5G)   IP Multimedia subsystem (IMS)   Network functions virtualization (NFV)   Network slicing   Resource performance   Service function chaining (SFC)   Software defined network (SDN)   Traffic steering   Business process framework (eTOM)  

摘要： Mobile network operators (MNOs) continually look to improve their business and become more agile and competitive within the quickly developing telecommunications industry. In turn, telecommunication pro-fessionals put forward and adapt advanced models and frameworks to assist MNOs to achieve their goals. In this context, the Business Process Framework (eTOM) was established by the TeleManagement Forum and on which we base this work to suggest a mapping of this eTOM business process model upon the network functions vir-tualization (NFV) framework. Thereby, the main purpose is to design a hybrid architecture by the combination of the aforementioned frameworks for dynamic service delivery with improved resource performance and quality of service so as to fulfill some of the purposes of the 5 generation (5G) technology with regard to a telecommuni-cation system managed and orchestrated in a virtualized environment. Indeed, MNOs will be in a position to scale mobile services up and down fast and reduce costs to better align them with network usage. These procedures are performed based on flexible service chaining through implemented NFV management and orchestration modules along with SDN controller functions. In this article, we outline possible designs and analyses of flexible mobile service chaining to support end-to-end network slicing for dynamic service provisioning in order to provide a novel approach in the framework of the 5G technology, more especially from data and signaling based network perspectives. We project our proposal onto the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core network to discuss both dynamic and static signaling service provisioning approaches. In this situation, we set up a testbed platform with the goal of assessing the behavior of a virtualized IMS system, in a static signaling service provisioning envi-ronment through two signaling service chains to validate part of our proposed approaches. Experiment results confirm that virtualized IMS signaling

关键词： Task analysis   Visualization   Electroencephalography   Australia   Three-dimensional displays   Computer science   Artificial intelligence   Cognitive conflict   completion time   electroencephalogram (EEG)   error-related positive potential (Pe)   prediction error negativity (PEN)   virtual reality (VR)  

摘要： A prediction error negativity (PEN) can be observed in the human electroencephalogram when there is a mismatch between the predicted and the perceived changes in the environment. Our previous study using a virtual object selection task demonstrated an impact of the level of avatar realism on the PEN, reflecting a mismatch between visual and proprioceptive feedback about the object selection. To investigate the role of temporal integration of different sensory information on the PEN, this article investigated the impact of task completion times on the PEN amplitude, using the same virtual object selection task. Trials from each participant were divided into slow trials and fast trials based on the task completion time, and their associated PEN amplitudes were separately aggregated and analyzed. The result shows that PEN amplitudes are significantly more pronounced in slow trials than in fast trials. This finding suggests that task completion times modulate the PEN amplitude-a long task completion time allowed for a better integration of information from both visual and proprioceptive systems as the basis to detect a mismatch between the expected hand trajectory during a reaching motion and the perceived visual feedback in the virtual environment.

关键词： Cloud computing   Resource management   Substrates   Learning (artificial intelligence)   Data centers   Computer science   Virtual network embedding   cloud computing   artificial intelligence   reinforcement learning   virtual resource allocation  

摘要： The recent advances in virtualization technology have enabled the sharing of computing and networking resources of cloud data centers among multiple users. Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) is highly important and is an integral part of the cloud resource management. The lack of historical knowledge on cloud functioning and inability to foresee the future resource demand are two fundamental shortcomings of the traditional VNE approaches. The consequence of those shortcomings is the inefficient embedding of virtual resources on Substrate Nodes (SNs). On the contrary, application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in VNE is still in the premature stage and needs further investigation. Considering the underlying complexity of VNE that includes numerous parameters, intelligent solutions are required to utilize the cloud resources efficiently via careful selection of appropriate SNs for the VNE. In this paper, Reinforcement Learning based prediction model is designed for the efficient Multi-stage Virtual Network Embedding (MUVINE) among the cloud data centers. The proposed MUVINE scheme is extensively simulated and evaluated against the recent state-of-the-art schemes. The simulation outcomes show that the proposed MUVINE scheme consistently outperforms over the existing schemes and provides the promising results.

关键词： India   Bangladesh   Elite opinion   Judges   Death penalty  

摘要： India and Bangladesh share a common history, and each has developed somewhat similarly since partition. However, while both countries now have relatively low murder rates, India has seen a decline in the rate of executions, while Bangladesh continues to impose death sentences and carry out executions at a higher rate. There have been challenges to the death penalty in India, restricting its use to exceptional cases. The same has not occurred in Bangladesh. Yet in both countries, systemic flaws in the criminal process are evident. This article draws on two original empirical research projects that explored judges' opinions on the retention and administration of capital punishment in India and Bangladesh. The data expose justice systems marred by corruption, incompetence, abuses of due process, and arbitrary and inconsistent treatment of defendants from arrest through to conviction and sentencing. It shows that those with the power to sentence to death have little faith in the integrity of the criminal process. Yet, a startling paradox emerges from these studies;despite personal knowledge of its flaws, judges have trust in the death penalty to deter crime and to realise other sentencing aims and feel retention benefits society. This is explained by reference to utilitarian values. Not only did our judges express strongly utilitarian justifications for sentencing people to death, in terms of their erroneous belief in its deterrent effect, but some also articulated utilitarian justifications for misconduct in pre-trial processes, suggesting that it was necessary to break the rules to secure convictions when the system was dysfunctional and ineffective.

关键词： Education   Computer science   Software engineering   Computational tool   Thermodynamic process   Mass and energy analysis   Entropy analysis   Combustion process   Educational theories   e-learning  

摘要： This paper presents a new educational package based on e-learning called TermolabUA integrated by three programs, which are VOLCONTROL focused on the analysis of steady-state flow devices, CarnotCycle aimed to analyze reversible and irreversible processes, and CombustionUA to study combustion processes. The educational package was designed for both, to promote significant learning on some thermodynamic topics in undergraduate students, and to help the student to reach the cognitive competencies of interpreting, arguing and proposing, and interacting with the different graphical user interfaces to solve relevant cases studies. Also, the teaching-learning activity helps them to understand the influence of a specific variable on the energy and entropy behavior of the selected systems, which is traditionally studied manually in a classroom. The results of the t-Student tests showed that the average grades obtained by the students in the problems using the software were higher than the average grade without using the software. The estimate for the average grade difference was 0.56 with a P-value = 3.31E- 13 for Problem 1 and 0.631 with a P-value = 3.31E-13 for Problem 2 in the Workshop- VOLCONTROL. Similar results were obtained for the problems reported in the CarnotCycle and CombustionUA Workshop with an esti- mate for average grade differences and P-values lower than 0.79 and 0.05, respectively. It means that the new software package significantly improved the learning skills of the students.

关键词： Agrobacterium-mediated transformation   Floral dip transformation   Callus induction   Hd3a   Plant tissue culture  

摘要： Indonesian black rice has the potential to be developed as a functional food due to their high anthocyanin content and other nutritional benefits such as enhanced Fe and amino acid composition. Black rice productivity, however, is low due to its long harvesting time, caused by late heading date, and therefore poor yield. These negative traits in black rice may be improved using conventional and modern approaches by manipulating genes of interest. As a tool to study functional genomics in black rice, genetic transformation was studied. A suitable in vitro regeneration method, previously unavailable for Indonesian black rice cultivars, first had to be established as a key prerequisite for genetic transformation. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish an efficient method for culturing Indonesian black rice cultivars and subsequently to use the Hd3a flowering gene under the RPP16 promoter as a relevant gene to improve the flowering period with either in vitro or in planta transformation methods. We found that the in vitro regeneration method established was able to generate fertile black rice plants and furthermore enabled the generation of transgenic plants. T-0 transgenics harboring the Hd3a gene driven by the RPP16 promoter yielded extremely early flowering, dwarfed, and low-yielding plants, but we obtained a normal phenotype with early flowering in the T-1 generation. In vitro transformation was more efficient in terms of time taken and number of positive transformants than in planta transformation for genetic transformation of Indonesian black rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Key message Indonesian black rice requires a specific temperature range of 30-32 oC during the tissue culture phase for successful genetic transformation.

关键词： artificial intelligence   computer science   epidemics   general news   health   humanities   infectious diseases   innovation   machine learning   medical conditions   novel coronaviruses   outbreaks   political   respiratory tract diseases   sciences   technology   wsjexchange  

关键词： artificial intelligence   computer science   epidemics   general news   health   humanities   infectious diseases   innovation   machine learning   medical conditions   novel coronaviruses   outbreaks   political   respiratory tract diseases   sciences   technology   wsjexchange  

关键词： artificial intelligence   computer science   epidemics   general news   health   humanities   infectious diseases   innovation   machine learning   medical conditions   novel coronaviruses   outbreaks   political   respiratory tract diseases   sciences   technology   wsjexchange