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关键词： Bandwidth   Servers   Hardware   Random access memory   Protocols   Cryptography   Computer science   Computer security   cryptographic protocols   microprocessors   side-channel attacks  

摘要： Path oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an ORAM protocol that simultaneously enjoys simplicity and efficiency. As a result, it holds promise to provide cryptographic-grade and practical access pattern protection in multiple application domains, including but not limited to secure hardware. In this paper, we review Path ORAM's key ideas and contribution, summarize its impact and subsequent works, and discuss future directions.

关键词： Sociology   Pareto optimization   Evolutionary computation   Computer science   Shape   Decomposition-based MOEA   multiobjective evolutionary algorithms based on decomposition (MOEA   D)   multiobjective evolutionary algorithms   weight vector adjustment  

摘要： Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms based on decomposition (MOEA/D) have attracted tremendous attention and achieved great success in the fields of optimization and decision-making. MOEA/Ds work by decomposing the target multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) into multiple single-objective subproblems based on a set of weight vectors. The subproblems are solved cooperatively in an evolutionary algorithm framework. Since weight vectors define the search directions and, to a certain extent, the distribution of the final solution set, the configuration of weight vectors is pivotal to the success of MOEA/Ds. The most straightforward method is to use predefined and uniformly distributed weight vectors. However, it usually leads to the deteriorated performance of MOEA/Ds on solving MOPs with irregular Pareto fronts. To deal with this issue, many weight vector adjustment methods have been proposed by periodically adjusting the weight vectors in a random, predefined, or adaptive way. This article focuses on weight vector adjustment on a simplex and presents a comprehensive survey of these weight vector adjustment methods covering the weight vector adaptation strategies, theoretical analyses, benchmark test problems, and applications. The current limitations, new challenges, and future directions of weight vector adjustment are also discussed.

关键词： Education   Informatics   Computer science   Tools   Games   Mathematics   Sociology   Action research   computing skills   cross-disciplinary skills   games   gender   informatics   learning by teaching  

摘要： Contribution: A learning-by-teaching methodology through games can be used to promote informatics (computer science) in primary and secondary education. Applying the proposed activities can change students' perception of informatics from seeing it as merely using computers to seeing its relationship with mathematics. The experience can also help students acquire competences in teaching. Background: Although students, specifically in primary and secondary education, are increasingly competent in terms of technology use, it has been found that in many cases informatics, as a science, has been relegated to a secondary status;it is usually considered only as a tool or additional resource, and not as an object of study. Intended Outcomes: To refine the application of the learning-to-teach-to-learn (L2T2L) methodology, a learning-by-teaching methodology that has students learn and then, in turn, teach that learning to younger students, in cascade from university to secondary to primary students. To analyze its effects on students' attitudes toward informatics. Application Design: The model incorporates a learning-by-teaching approach in a multistage sequence across different kinds of learners and teachers, using fun, game-like materials. Findings: The use of the action research methodology allowed adjustment of the educational methodology, providing more reliable data and enough experience to suggest how to extend the project to a broader audience. Although the results obtained were less significant than expected, the experience did give students a more realistic view of informatics.

关键词： Computer science   Engineering profession   Informatics   Mathematics   Information technology   STEM   Education   technology   informatics   computer science  

摘要： Gender roles influence in choosing a Computer Science oriented career remains a problem since the emergence of the Information Age. In general, women are underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics fields. The objective of this work is to conduct a study based on current state of gender differences as factors influencing pursuit of careers related to Computer Science. The research work was developed with students enrolled in Secondary Compulsory Education and High School, using a questionnaire as data colleting instrument. The analysis of the results shows that, in general, the situation is still worrisome. Female students show much less interest in careers related to computer science due mainly to the work of their teachers and a distorted perception of their abilities.

摘要： Research replication only works if there is confidence built into the results.

关键词： computer Science attitudes   Invariance test   Scale validation   Secondary education  

摘要： Primary and secondary students' exposure to computer science-related activities in school has been steadily increasing, heightening the need for valid measures regarding impact of these activities on students. This study reports on the development and validation process of an instrument to measure students' affective state as it relates to computer science in an academic setting. The self-report instrument, Computer Science Attitudes Scale for middle school students (MG-CS Attitudes), was developed based upon expectancy-value theory, which assumes two attitudinal constructs: self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. A set of ten initial items was administered to 663 middle-grade students from sixth to eighth grade (11-13 years of age). A combination of classical test theory and item response theory approaches were used to evaluate and validate the instrument using wellestablished construct validity frameworks to guide the process, leading to nine final items. The multi-stage validation process has resulted in a robust, well-functioning instrument, which can be used by researchers and evaluators to study CS-related educational interventions.

关键词： Data mining   Time series analysis   Feature extraction   Heuristic algorithms   Computer science   Australia   Cybernetics   Classification   graph   graph-shapelet pattern   time-variant subgraph  

摘要： Graphs are commonly used to represent objects, such as images and text, for pattern classification. In a dynamic world, an object may continuously evolve over time, and so does the graph extracted from the underlying object. These changes in graph structure with respect to the temporal order present a new representation of the graph, in which an object corresponds to a set of time-variant graphs. In this paper, we formulate a novel time-variant graph classification task and propose a new graph feature, called a graph-shapelet pattern, for learning and classifying time-variant graphs. Graph-shapelet patterns are compact and discriminative graph transformation subsequences. A graph-shapelet pattern can be regarded as a graphical extension of a shapelet-a class of discriminative features designed for vector-based temporal data classification. To discover graph-shapelet patterns, we propose to convert a time-variant graph sequence into time-series data and use the discovered shapelets to find graph transformation subsequences as graph-shapelet patterns. By converting each graph-shapelet pattern into a unique tokenized graph transformation sequence, we can measure the similarity between two graph-shapelet patterns and therefore classify time-variant graphs. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： HBCU   student success   Black women   African American women   critical social capital  

摘要： Some campuses are exemplars for best practices for racial inclusion in higher education, and they offer a vital opportunity to understand how to better include Black students. This critical life story analysis of Black college alumnae who graduate from a historically Black, women's institution, Spelman College, demonstrates the importance of fostering success throughout a student's college experience. The findings suggest that Spelman offered a deliberate and systematic culture of success from the beginning to the end of the women's experiences offering lessons that could be adapted within other institutional types in order to foster the success of Black students.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis   Citation analysis   Author-related factors   Computer and information science   Conference papers   Ordinary least squares regression  

摘要： Purpose This paper aims to assess the predictive power of authorship properties determined at the time of publishing conference papers on future citations of conference papers in computer and information science. Design/methodology/approach This study examined 21 factors - related to all authors and to the first author - as potentially predictive of citation counts. Specifically, the study assessed properties of author's academic performance, degree of collaboration and topological properties of their research collaboration networks. Findings The results of comparing all authors with first authors indicate that the all author-related factors have a significantly higher power for explaining conference paper citation counts than the first author-related factors. Moreover, among the all author-related factors, the degree centrality before the target paper made the largest contribution. Originality/value This is one of the first attempts to focus on the relationship of author characteristics to conference papers. This is also one of only a few studies to expand prior research, which limited its bibliometric foci to journal articles, to conference papers.