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关键词： Blockchain   Government   Smart contracts   Edge computing   Computer science   Internet of Things   Data breach   Blockchain   digital signatures   distributed ledger technology   edge computing   ethereum   proof of work   smart contracts  

摘要： Governments and public sector entities around the world are actively exploring new ways to keep up with technological advancements to achieve smart governance, work efficiency, and cost optimization. Blockchain technology is an example of such technology that has been attracting the attention of Governments across the globe in recent years. Enhanced security, improved traceability, and lowest cost infrastructure empower the blockchain to penetrate various domains. Generally, governments release tenders to some third-party organizations for different projects. During this process, different competitors try to eavesdrop the tender values of others to win the tender. The corrupt government officials also charge high bribe to pass the tender in favor of some particular third party. In this article, we presented a secure and transparent framework for government tenders using blockchain. Blockchain is used as a secure and immutable data structure to store the government records that are highly susceptible to tampering. This work aims to create a transparent and secure edge computing infrastructure for the workflow in government tenders to implement government schemes and policies by limiting human supervision to the minimal.

摘要： Attrition is an important issue in higher education, especially in the field of computer science (CS). Here, we investigate to what extent an education reform affects the attrition of students by analyzing the pattern of grades of CS students' academic achievement from 2010 to 2018 by IRT, based on Rasch-model analysis. We analyze data from 3673 undergraduate students of a large public university. In 2016 an education reform-as an intervention-was added to our BSc program: all theoretical lectures became compulsory to attend and we introduced a learning methodology course for all first-year students. According to our results, after the education reform most subjects became accomplishable, and students with lower levels of ability also tried to take exams. We succeeded in retaining 28% of our students. Analyzing students' results could help administrators develop new programs in order to increase retention.

关键词： Black male school leadership   Black education school leadership   principal preparation   leadership development   race   critical race theory   humanizing approaches  

摘要： This study explored the ways in which the race-gendered identities and lived experiences of Black male K-12 public and independent school leaders inform their leadership in support of students, community, and village. The study draws from critical theories and perspectives, including a framework of Black Masculine Caring (BMC), critical race theory, culturally relevant and responsive leadership, leadership for social justice, and their relationship to and with a theory of Black male school leadership. The qualitative study used survey, phenomenological, and visual elicitation methods to examine the personal and professional experiences, philosophies, and praxis of 14 Black male school leaders. Study findings are presented as an intergenerational dialog with participants, based on their years of leadership experience. These leaders exhibit a liberatory care-based approach to leadership as an expression of social justice advocacy, civil rights activism, community and evidenced action-orientated commitment to a dismantling of structured and systemic forms of racism, anti-Black racism entrenched segregation, and other inequities that discriminate and disproportionately marginalize significant numbers of students and their communities. As captured through the narratives shared, this is evidenced through greater, and positively encouraged, levels of parental and other community member involvement in school activities, as a core aspect of the leadership and decision-making processes. The research expands understanding of paradigms of critical race leadership and disrupts the normative educational leadership that ill-serve significant sections of our student populations and communities.

关键词： Chemistry   Computer science   Organic chemistry   Synthesis  

摘要： An accessible machine-learning tool has been developed that can accelerate the optimization of a wide range of synthetic reactions - and reveals how cognitive bias might have undermined optimization by humans.

关键词： Computational biology and bioinformatics   Computer science   Software   Information technology  

摘要： The text interface is intimidating, but can save researchers from mundane computing tasks. Just be sure you know what you’re doing.

关键词： 新生儿出生缺陷   责任亲情交互护理模式   生活质量  

摘要： 目的分析责任亲情交互护理模式干预在新生儿出生缺陷产妇中的应用效果及对产妇产后生活质量的影响。方法纳入2017年3月至2019年3月我院接收并诊治的80例存在新生儿出生缺陷的产妇为研究对象,根据护理措施的不同将产妇分为参照组和观察组,各40例。参照组采用常规护理模式,观察组采用责任亲情交互护理模式。比较两组产妇护理前、护理后3个月的社会关系质量量表(SQRS)、生活质量调查量表(SF-36)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分。结果护理后3个月,两组的SQRS评分(家庭亲密度、家庭承担或付出、朋友关系)、SF-36评分(总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、生命活力、社会功能、情感职能、心理健康)均高于护理前,且观察组明显高于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后3个月,两组产妇的HAMA、HAMD评分均低于护理前,且观察组明显低于参照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论责任亲情交互护理模式干预在新生儿出生缺陷产妇中的应用效果显著,可改善产妇的生活质量和精神状态,值得临床推广。

关键词： fragility   conflict   and violence (FCV)   Myanmar   Bangladesh   satellite imagery   machine-learning  

摘要： This paper studies socioeconomic and environmental changes in the neighboring areas Bangladesh-Myanmar border from 2012 to 2019, thus covering the period before and after the 2017 Rakhine conflict in Myanmar and outflux of refugees across the border to Bangladesh. Given the scarcity and costliness of traditional data collection methods in such conflict areas, the paper uses a novel methodological model based on very-high-resolution satellite imagery, nighttime satellite imagery, and machine-learning algorithms to generate reliable and reusable data for comparative assessment of the impacts of the Rakhine conflict. Assessments of welfare and environmental risks using this approach can be accurate and scalable across different regions and times when other data are unavailable. Key findings are: the general livelihood situation has worsened and income sources shrunk in Rakhine;forced migration damaged the ecologically fragile regions in the two countries;the destruction of aquaculture wetland ecosystems is observed in Rakhine;the deforestation rate reached 20% in Rakhine and 13% on the Bangladeshi side of the border. The results can provide guidance to policymakers and international actors as they work to repatriate the victims of the conflict in Rakhine and minimize the conflict's security and environmental consequences. The methodology can be applied to other data-poor conflict and refugee areas in the world.

关键词： 新工科   OBE   课程改革   思政建设   数据库系统原理  

摘要： 在新工科建设背景下,在OBE教育理念指导下引入课程思政建设进行计算机课程改革,以数据库系统原理课程改革为例,总结出一套新的教学设计,改革教学大纲,设计多元化的考核要求,并充分借助信息手段,有效提升学生参与度,注重工程沟通能力、创新能力培养,在课程中注重引入新技术、新趋势,课程实施贯穿“项目为主线、教师为主导、学生为主体”的思想,有效提升学生兴趣度,课程教学实用高效。

关键词： 外来术语   术语翻译   即义定名   译名统一  

摘要： 外来术语翻译和译名统一问题是中国学术界长期面对的普遍性问题。术语翻译不准确,或者译名不统一,不仅会增加读者的认知成本,妨碍正常的学术研究和学术交流,甚至会对相关学科的学术研究造成误导。误译术语大多是因译者脱离语境、望文生义所致,一名多译则是因译者视域狭窄、缺乏文化传承和学术积累意识。翻译术语必须结合其文本语境,并认真考查产生该术语的历史文化语境,从而自具衡量,即义定名。与普通词汇不同,术语确指单一概念,因此翻译术语还必须考虑其一致性或统一性。了解甚至熟悉术语涉及的学科领域或知识范畴,有助于译者决定是沿用已有的译名还是重新翻译出更合适的术语。

关键词： Perceived life stress   terrorism   risk perception   demand for security measures   media  

摘要： The present study investigated the effects of prior levels of general life stress on young adults' cognitive and emotional reactions to media coverage of terrorism. University students (n = 94) completed an online baseline survey, after which they were randomly assigned to a terrorism or non-terrorism media exposure condition. Approximately 1-2 weeks later, participants attended an experimental session in which they were shown a real life news clip about a recent terrorist event (terrorism media exposure) or a non-violent societal risk (non-terrorism media exposure). Participants filled out a brief online survey immediately before and after the intervention. Socio-demographic factors and perceived life stress were assessed at baseline. Perceived susceptibility to terrorism, terrorism-related worry, and support for security measures were measured at pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using a series of two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for pretest scores and relevant socio-demographic factors. Significant interaction effects were found between media exposure and perceived life stress on support for the following security measures: video surveillance, mandatory bag checks at universities, and security patrols at universities during the day. More specifically, participants with lower levels of stress scored similarly on these measures in the terrorism and non-terrorism media exposure groups, whereas among those with higher stress levels, scores were significantly greater in the terrorism compared to non-terrorism media exposure group. Thus, young adults with elevated levels of perceived life stress were more responsive to media coverage of terrorism compared to those with lesser life stress when it comes to a desire for regulatory action. This indicates that higher levels of general life stress may sensitize young people towards the impact of threatening information.