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关键词： computer science   gender gap   high school   Israel   physics  

摘要： In the past three decades in high-income countries, female students have outperformed male students in most indicators of educational attainment. However, the underrepresentation of girls and women in science courses and careers, especially in physics, computer sciences, and engineering, remains persistent. What is often neglected by the vast existing literature is the role that schools, as social institutions, play in maintaining or eliminating such gender gaps. This explorative case study research compares two high schools in Israel: one Hebrew-speaking state school that serves mostly middleclass students and exhibits a typical gender gap in physics and computer science;the other, an Arabic-speaking state school located in a Bedouin town that serves mostly students from a lower socioeconomic background. In the Arabic-speaking school over 50% of the students in the advanced physics and computer science classes are females. The study aims to explain this seemingly counterintuitive gender pattern with respect to participation in physics and computer science. A comparison of school policies regarding sorting and choice reveals that the two schools employ very different policies that might explain the different patterns of participation. The Hebrew-speaking school prioritizes self-fulfillment and "free-choice," while in the Arabic-speaking school, staff are much more active in sorting and assigning students to different curricular programs. The qualitative analysis suggests that in the case of the Arabic-speaking school the intersection between traditional and collectivist society and neoliberal pressures in the form of raising achievement benchmarks contributes to the reversal of the gender gap in physics and computer science courses.

关键词： Batteries   Aging   State of charge   Smart phones   Computer science   Delays   battery managment   mobile devices   smartphones   battery health management   battery charging   intelligent charging  

摘要： Editor's notes: Editor's note: Battery aging is becoming a major concern in mobile devices such as laptops or smartphones and often results in premature device replacement. This perspective article gives an overview of recent advances made in battery-health-aware charging and highlights the benefits of making chargers more intelligent to improve the cycle life of different battery-powered devices. -Sudeep Pasricha, Colorado State University

关键词： Tensors   Adaptation models   Data models   Bayes methods   Learning systems   Computer science   Australia   Adaptive low-rank representation   automatic tensor rank determination   tensor completion  

摘要： Low-rank representation-based approaches that assume low-rank tensors and exploit their low-rank structure with appropriate prior models have underpinned much of the recent progress in tensor completion. However, real tensor data only approximately comply with the low-rank requirement in most cases, viz., the tensor consists of low-rank (e.g., principle part) as well as non-low-rank (e.g., details) structures, which limit the completion accuracy of these approaches. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive low-rank representation model for tensor completion that represents low-rank and non-low-rank structures of a latent tensor separately in a Bayesian framework. Specifically, we reformulate the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor rank and develop a sparsity-induced prior for the low-rank structure that can be used to determine tensor rank automatically. Then, the non-low-rank structure is modeled using a mixture of Gaussians prior that is shown to be sufficiently flexible and powerful to inform the completion process for a variety of real tensor data. With these two priors, we develop a Bayesian minimum mean-squared error estimate framework for inference. The developed framework can capture the important distinctions between low-rank and non-low-rank structures, thereby enabling more accurate model, and ultimately, completion. For various applications, compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model yields more accurate completion results.

关键词： application   automatic behaviour coding   coding behaviours   computer Science   computer vision   data-driven   human computer interaction   machine learning   observational studies  

摘要： The coding of observational data is commonly used to analyse and evaluate human behaviours. The technique can help researchers inform the design and impact of, for example, an Ubicomp system by studying specific behaviours of interest. There are some tools that can alleviate the burden of observational coding, like those that help to collect and organise data, but can still be error-prone and time-consuming. Moreover, most of these tools lack automation, requiring intense human interaction. In order to mitigate these issues, computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) techniques could be used to automate observational coding, but little work has focused on analysing the feasibility of such an approach, with the goal of reducing the total coding time while maintaining accuracy. In this work, we address this question by proposing an automated approach for a real-world case study and compare it to manual coding. The study is composed of 10 videos with an average duration of 17 min each, where the goal is to determine the attention of children with autism that participate in a neurofeedback therapy session. Each video was hand-coded by three human observers to define the ground truth and to measure the manual coding time. Results show that it is feasible to automate the coding of observational behaviours and obtain a noticeable reduction in coding time, but with a slight loss in accuracy. Moreover, we illustrate that the best solution would be a hybrid approach, using a semi-automated system that combines human expertise and ML predictions Keywords Observational studies, Coding behaviours, Automatic coding, Computer-Vision, Machine Learning.

关键词： MISO communication   Information theory   Computer science   Signal processing  

摘要： In [1] , reference [26] was incorrect. Reference [26] should be as follows: E. Piovano and B. Clerckx, “Optimal DoF region of the K-user MISO BC with partial CSIT,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2368–2371, Nov. 2017.

摘要： In 1967, when the BBC was faced with a petition by the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination requesting an end to the televised variety program the Black and White Minstrel Show (1958-1978), producers at the BBC, the press, and audience members collectively argued that the historic presence of minstrelsy in Britain rendered the practice of blacking up harmless. This article uses critical race theory as a useful framework for unpacking defenses that hinged on both the color blindness of white British audiences and the simultaneous existence of wider customs of blacking up within British television and film. I examine a range of "screen culture" from the 1920s to the 1970s, including feature films, home movies, newsreels, and television, that provide evidence of the existence of blackface as a type of racialized custom in British entertainment throughout this period. Efforts by organizations such as the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination, black press publications like Flamingo, and audiences of color to name blacking up and minstrelsy as racist in the late 1960s were met by fierce resistance from majority white audiences and producers, who denied their authority to do so. Concepts of color blindness or "racial innocence" thus become a useful means of examining, first, the wide-ranging existence of blacking-up practices within British screen culture;second, a broad reluctance by producers and the majority of audiences to identify this as racist;and third, the exceptional role that race played in characterizations of white audiences that were otherwise seen as historically fragile and impressionable in the face of screen content.

关键词： Computer Science   Learning recommendation   Formal concept analysis   Intelligent tutoring system   Adaptive learning  

摘要： The aim of this research was to develop a learning recommendation component in an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) that dynamically predicts and adapts to a learner's style. In order to develop a proper ITS, we present an improved knowledge base supporting adaptive learning, which can be achieved by a suitable knowledge construction. This process is illustrated by implementing a web-based online tutor system. In addition, our knowledge structure provides adaptive presentation and personalized learning with the proposed adaptive algorithm, to retrieve content according to individual learner characteristics. To demonstrate the proposed adaptive algorithm, pre-test and post-test were used to evaluate suggestion accuracy of the course in a class for adapting to a learner's style. In addition, pre- and post-testing were also used with students in a real teaching/learning environment to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed system can be used to help students or learners achieve improved learning.

关键词： Numerical models   Time factors   Artificial intelligence   Computer science   Analytical models   Decision making   Informatics   Bounded confidence   consensus   group decision making (GDM)   minimum adjustments   opinion dynamics (OD)   time constraints  

摘要： In the bounded confidence model, it is widely known that individuals rely on the opinions of their close friends or people with similar interests. Meanwhile, the decision maker always hopes that the opinions of individuals can reach a consensus in a required time. Therefore, with this idea in mind, this article develops a consensus reaching model with time constraints and minimum adjustments in a group with bounded confidence effects. In the proposed consensus approach, the minimum adjustments rule is used to modify the initial opinions of individuals with bounded confidence, which can further influence the opinion evolutions of individuals to reach a consensus in a required time. The properties of the model are studied, and detailed numerical examples and comparative simulation analysis are provided to justify its feasibility.