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关键词： Ethics   Tools   Computer science   Software engineering   IP networks   Visualization   Cultural differences   Ethics   global awareness   intercultural competence   professional skills   social responsibility   teaching skills  

摘要： Contribution: This article demonstrates that social, cultural, economic, and political topics can be effectively addressed in the context of traditional computer science and engineering topics with few additional resources and little coordination. Background: Social, cultural, economic, and political influences are often secondary topics in computer science and engineering curricula. Superficial treatment of these topics can impede future graduates by limiting their understanding of how global factors influence the design of products, the availability of consumers, and future employment. Research Question: Are there ways to effectively integrate coverage of global issues and technical course material that sacrifice little class time and require few resources? If so, which activities and tools are most effective? Methodology: Computer networking students were introduced to the well-known networking tools Traceroute and WHOIS. Students were required to successfully use these tools for a graded assignment. After finding the country of origin with a visual Traceroute tool, students chose an article reporting on a technical topic in the social, cultural, political, or economic context of one of the origin countries. Students answered questions regarding their previous and new knowledge on the graded assignment and then reported the effectiveness of the activities in encouraging global awareness on an anonymous questionnaire. Findings: Students reported little previous knowledge of all countries included in the assignment but found the assignment useful in learning about global influences within the context of traditional networking tools. Furthermore, students reported differences in what activity during the assignment was most effective when learning about global issues.

关键词： Translational research   Translational computer science   Scientific workflows   Workflow management systems   Large-scale distributed computing  

摘要： Translational research (TR) has been extensively used in the health science domain, where results from laboratory research are translated to human studies and where evidence-based practices are adopted in real-world settings to reach broad communities. In computer science, much research stops at the result publication and dissemination stage without moving to the evaluation in real settings at scale and feeding the gained knowledge back to research. Additionally, there is a lack of steady funding and incentives to broadly promote translational computer science (TCS) in practice. In this paper, we present how, throughout its lifespan, the Pegasus workflow management system project has incorporated the principles of translational computer science. We report on our experience on building a strong, long-term engagement with a broad range of science communities to establish mutually beneficial relationships between the core R&D team and these communities.

关键词： Affective computing   Computer science   Literature survey   Physiology   Psychology   Linguistics   Mathematics   Sociology  

摘要： Affective computing intends to train computers with human-like abilities. It is a multidisciplinary research field, in which interrelated domains like sociology, psychology, computer science, physiology, mathematics, and linguistics have a great contribution. Till now, these domains have been explored by the researchers independently. On the contrary, the cumulative impact on Affective computing of these domains has never been investigated. In this paper, the contribution of these fields along with their theories, concepts, models, and implications in Affective computing is explained in detail. Along with this, some existing affective databases are also presented in this work. Subsequently, various applications where Affective computing has a great impact are discussed which will help future researchers in understanding the importance of this field and its applicability in real life. At last, it reveals some of the challenges along with suggested solutions that exist in this field for future work. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： heat reservoir   work reservoir   entropy flow   entropy generation   lost work   heat  

摘要： In this paper, we discuss the concept of a reservoir in thermodynamics and its determining role in defining entropy flow, entropy generation, lost work, heat, and work. Also, a relation equivalent to that of Clausius is established, which explains why the statement 'the entropy generation for an irreversible engine is given by the lost work divided by the lowest temperature reservoir' is flawed, although such a statement is recognized in the literature. Addressing issues that are virtually absent from the literature, this study is expected to be mainly relevant from a scientific point of view but can also be educationally useful.

关键词： Maintenance engineering   Bandwidth   Switches   Random variables   Computer science   Fault tolerant systems   Fault tolerance   boldsymbol Distributed storage system   bandwidth   storage space   tradeoff   regenerating code  

摘要： In a fault-tolerant Distributed Storage System (DSS) that depends on regenerating codes, there may be a variety of motivations for the system or the user to switch from one set of code parameters (n , k , d , alpha, beta) to another. For example, the user may change their demand on reliability or the system may want to change the configuration due to implementation challenges, cost considerations and issues related to availability/ accessibility of geographically-distributed nodes. This can be managed by a well-designed DSS capable of dynamically scaling the parameters. In this letter, we present lower bounds on the bandwidth requirements for moving from a regenerating code configuration to another. In case of functional repair, our lower bounds are achievable, which helps the system designers identify the minimum-cost scaling strategy.

关键词： Human computer interaction   Computer science   Visual analytics   Psychology   Cognition   Planning   Problem-solving  

摘要： The growth of the field of visual analytics reflects a sustained, long-term commitment to applying convergent research principles to computer science research. Charting the future research directions that the field of visual analytics will evolve toward requires an understanding of the field's rich, productive history of collaboration and a discussion of current challenges.

关键词： Jan Kollar   capital punishment   Enlightenment   Cesare Beccaria   Michel Foucault   Habsburg monarchy  

摘要： This article analyses and assesses the arguments opposing capital punishment put forward by Jan Kollar (1793-1852), a representative of Central European Evangelical/Lutheran Enlightenment rationalism, using the definition of criminal practice in Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century as the basis. Consequently, the author pays attention to the movement for reform in criminal law and practices, initiated in Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century by Cesare Beccaria, including his argumentation against capital punishment. In this context, the author presents and investigates 13 arguments against capital punishment defined by Kollar in his 1815 diary. The author came to the conclusion that Kollar, in his arguments against capital punishment, followed, to a certain extent, the views of Beccaria and eighteenth -century adherents of the French Enlightenment;however, Kollar's actual argumentation is rationalistically based on ethical values of humanity and justice with significant space also dedicated to utilitarian aspects of rejecting capital punishment adopted from reformists of criminal law.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks   Computer vision   Deep learning   Image recognition   Machine learning   Wood identification   Wood anatomy  

摘要： The remarkable developments in computer vision and machine learning have changed the methodologies of many scientific disciplines. They have also created a new research field in wood science called computer vision-based wood identification, which is making steady progress towards the goal of building automated wood identification systems to meet the needs of the wood industry and market. Nevertheless, computer vision-based wood identification is still only a small area in wood science and is still unfamiliar to many wood anatomists. To familiarize wood scientists with the artificial intelligence-assisted wood anatomy and engineering methods, we have reviewed the published mainstream studies that used or developed machine learning procedures. This review could help researchers understand computer vision and machine learning techniques for wood identification and choose appropriate techniques or strategies for their study objectives in wood science.

关键词： Computer Science   Artificial Intelligence   Human-Computer Interaction  

摘要： Global coordination is required to solve a wide variety of challenging collective action problems from network colorings to the tragedy of the commons. Recent empirical study shows that the presence of a few noisy autonomous agents can greatly improve collective performance of humans in solving networked color coordination games. To provide analytical insights into the role of behavioral randomness, here we study myopic artificial agents attempting to solve similar network coloring problems using decision update rules that are only based on local information but allow random choices at various stages of their heuristic reasonings. We show that the resulting efficacy of resolving color conflicts is dependent on the implementation of random behavior of agents and specific population characteristics. Our work demonstrates that distributed greedy optimization algorithms exploiting local information should be deployed in combination with occasional exploration via random choices in order to overcome local minima and achieve global coordination.

关键词： Complex System Biology   Systems Biology   Transcriptomics   Computer Science  

摘要： With the advent of deep generative models in computational chemistry, in-silico drug design is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. Although deep learning approaches have shown potential in generating compounds with desired chemical properties, they disregard the cellular environment of target diseases. Bridging systems biology and drug design, we present a reinforcement learning method for de novo molecular design from gene expression profiles. We construct a hybrid Variational Autoencoder that tailors molecules to target-specific transcriptomic profiles, using an anticancer drug sensitivity prediction model (PaccMann) as reward function. Without incorporating information about anticancer drugs, the molecule generation is biased toward compounds with high predicted efficacy against cell lines or cancer types. The generation can be further refined by subsidiary constraints such as toxicity. Our cancer-type-specific candidate drugs are similar to cancer drugs in drug-likeness, synthesizability, and solubility and frequently exhibit the highest structural similarity to compounds with known efficacy against these cancer types.