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关键词： Information technology   Computer science   Australia  

摘要： In the above article [1] , the corresponding author was incorrectly identified. The corresponding author is the first author, S. Nithya.

关键词： Teacher support   Small group collaboration   Science inquiry   Technology   Affect   Social network analysis  

摘要： Technology-enhanced collaborative inquiry learning has gained a firm position in curricula across disciplines and educational settings and has become particularly pervasive in science classrooms. However, understanding of the teacher's role in this context is limited. This study addresses the real-time shifts in focus and distribution of teachers' guidance and support of different student groups during in-person computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning in science classrooms. Teachers' self-perceptions of their guidance and affect were supplemented with students' self-reported affect. A mixed-methods approach using video analyses and questionnaire data revealed differences between teacher guidance and support associated with teacher perceptions and group outcomes. Groups' prior science competence was not found to have an effect on teacher guidance and support, rather the teachers guided the groups they perceived as motivated and willing to collaborate. Teacher affect was compounded by student affect, suggesting that consideration of the reciprocal perceptions of teachers and students is necessary in order to understand the teachers' role in collaborative learning.

关键词： BAME women   Bullying   gender   harassment   police   race  

摘要： This article examines the hidden and under-researched area of bullying and harassment of Black and Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) women in the police service in England. It discusses the impact of a historical policy failure to acknowledge the importance of intersectionality in matters of diversity and the continuing struggle between race and gender. This contributes to the ‘invisibility and sexualization’ of BAME women in policing. In doing so, it makes BAME women susceptible to unique tactics of bullying and harassment that contribute to their impeded progression compared with their White counterparts. These unique tactics are enhanced by the police organization and enforced by police culture. The article concludes that the bullying and harassment of BAME women are underpinned by issues of patriarchy and racism that are difficult to challenge in a bureaucratic and hierarchical organization like the police. © The Author(s) 2021.

关键词： Data models   Contracts   Computer science   Safety   Reliability   IoV   trust management   smart contract   ethereum   blockchain  

摘要： In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles communicate wirelessly with other vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, and roadside units. IoV is aimed at improving road safety, driving comfort, and traffic efficiency. However, IoV is exposed to a range of threats to security and privacy. The presence of dishonest and misbehaving peers in the system is of a major concern, which may put lives in danger. Thus, establishing trust among these probable untrusted vehicles is one of the most significant challenges of such a network. The critical pitfalls of existing and traditional mechanisms are scalability, a single point of failure, maintaining the quality of service, verification, and revocation and dealing with sparsity, consistency, availability, efficiency, robustness, privacy concerns are some of the biggest challenges to be addressed. Blockchain technology, with its great success in applications like cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, is considered as one of the potential candidates to build trust in IoV. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based decentralized trust management scheme using smart contracts. Specifically, we introduce the concept of blockchain sharding for reducing the load on the main blockchain and increasing the transaction throughput. Our proposal has two key contributions: blockchain to maintain and update reliable and consistent trust values across the network and incentive scheme to encourage peers to perform well. We also conduct extensive experiments, which demonstrate the implementation feasibility of proposed mechanisms in the real world.

关键词： Pair programming   collaborative learning   college students   experimental design  

摘要： Active and collaborative learning has shown considerable promise for improving student outcomes and reducing group disparities. As one common form of collaborative learning, pair programming is an adapted work practice implemented widely in higher education computing programs. In the classroom setting, it typically involves two computer science students working together on the same programming assignment. The present study examined a cluster-randomized trial of 1,198 undergraduates in 96 lab sections. Overall, pair programming had no significant effect on students' course performance;subject matter interest;plans for future coursework;or their confidence, comfort, and anxiety with computer science. These findings were consistent across various student characteristics, except that students with favorable pretest scores exhibited negative effects from pair programming.

关键词： Ambulatory assessment   Heart rate variability   State mindfulness   Occupational well-being   Emotional exhaustion   Relaxation  

摘要： Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) and mindfulness have been described as correlates of self-regulation and well-being. The goal of the present study was to investigate their interactions from a within-person perspective in the context of work. Methods: Applying an ambulatory assessment approach, we studied 89 healthcare professionals across two to four work shifts. Self-reports of momentary job demands, mindfulness, and well-being (as indicated by emotional exhaustion, relaxation, and contentment) were provided three to four times a day via smartphone questionnaires. Electrocardiogram and activity sensors continuously recorded data from the beginning to the end of the shifts. Multilevel models based on 937 measurements were built for emotional exhaustion, relaxation, and contentment. Results: After controlling for covariates, including bodily movement, shift, and job demands, short-term HRV was marginally significantly related to decreased emotional exhaustion and significantly related to increased relaxation. State mindfulness was significantly related to decreased emotional exhaustion, and increased relaxation and contentment. Furthermore, HRV and mindfulness significantly interacted such that emotional exhaustion was lowest and relaxation was highest when both HRV and mindfulness were high. Conclusions: Together, the findings provide insights into the use of HRV and mindfulness as indexes of psychophysiological regulatory resources that seemingly intensify their respective beneficial effects on the daily wellbeing of employees.

关键词： Entropy   Time series analysis   Euclidean distance   Complexity theory   Time measurement   Informatics   Computer science   Artificial neural network   fault diagnosis   fuzzy entropy   multiscale entropy (MSE)   time series complexity  

摘要： Sample entropy (SampEn) technologies have been widely applied in diagnosing the faults of industrial systems. However, there are two disadvantages of these technologies. First, all of these technologies measure the distance of two vectors solely based on the maximum distance between the corresponding elements in the two vectors, which is not able to fully reflect the distance of the two vectors. Second, these methodologies measure the similarity of two vectors with either zero or one, which may cause sudden changes in entropy values. Therefore, we proposed a Euclidean distance based multiscale fuzzy entropy (EDM-Fuzzy), which measures the similarity of two vectors with continuous values from zero to one based on the Euclidean distance of the two vectors. The results from the synthetic and real signals demonstrated that EDM-Fuzzy has higher accuracy in measuring the complexity of signals. As a result, EDM-Fuzzy obtains a higher accuracy in detecting the bearing faults than the state-of-the-art entropy technologies.

关键词： Computer science education   Anti-Blackness   BlackCrit   Speculative fiction   Abolition   Black Life  

摘要： Computer science (CS) education finds itself at a pivotal moment to reckon with what it means to accept, use, and create technologies, with the continued recruitment of minoritized students into the field. In this paper, we build on the oral traditions of educating with stories, and take the reader on two journeys. We begin with a story that leads us in thinking about where computer science education is, in the wake of slavery, under the New Jim Code. Within a BlackCrit framework, we shake the grounds of the computer science field, where technologies are often promoted as objective, but reflect and reproduce existing inequalities. In tune with maintaining current systems of power, efforts to broaden participation in computer science have been heavily driven by industry, government, and military interests. These interests ultimately push us farther away from sustainable relations with the earth and with each other, and risk the very lives of the same communities the field claims to help. However, we can rewrite the narratives of the role of technology in our lives. We present a second story in which we place abolitionist theories and practices in conversation with computer science education. In this paper we explore (1) In what ways does computing education support systems that enable Black death? and (2) How might integrating an abolitionist framework into computer science open up possibilities for world-building and dreaming in the name of Black Life? We imagine a different future where computer science is used as a tool in life-affirming, world-building projects. We invite readers to engage with this piece as a part of an active dialogue towards combating anti-Black logics in the field of computer science education.

关键词： Onion flakes   Dried cabbages   Dried green beans   Browning   Chlorophyll  

摘要： In an attempt to get the overall picture of shelf life dynamics of packaged dried foods, a mathematical simulation model consisting of differential equations of water vapor transmission and quality change was established and solved numerically through the interactive relationships of moisture sorption isotherm, package water vapor permeability and quality deterioration kinetics to predict moisture content and quality changes throughout storage. Estimated shelf lives based on moisture increase and primary quality change as the decision criteria were examined for dried onion flakes, cabbage and green beans packaged in a hydrophobic polyolefin film and a hydrophilic biobased film with different moisture sensitivities and then stored at temperatures of 20 40 degrees C and relative humidities (RH) of 60-100 %. The range of shelf life estimates varied greatly with product and was affected by the moisture and quality criteria limit values. In general, the temperature effect on shelf life was greater than that of humidity over the ranges examined. The magnitude of the difference in shelf life between moisture content and quality index used as criteria was greater with the less permeable hydrophobic polyolefin film. Accelerated shelf life testing at higher temperatures and humidities was shown to have a greater impact on the estimated shelf life when using specific quality criteria rather than moisture content. Use of moisture-sensitive packaging film accelerated deterioration compared to hydrophobic packaging film. The proposed comparative methodology is helpful for designing accelerated shelf life testing of dried foods.