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关键词： Social networking (online)   Sports   Blogs   Frequency measurement   Computer science   Benchmark testing   Time measurement   Online local community   query attributes   temporal topical activeness  

摘要： Almost all of the existing approaches to determining online local community are typically deliberated like-minded users who have similar topical interests. However, such methodologies overlook the prospective temporality of users' interests as well as users' degree of topical activeness. As a result, the consequential communities might have extremely lower active users. This research investigates how online social users' behaviors and topical activeness vary over time and how these parameters can be employed in order to improve the quality of the detected local community. For a given input query, consisting a query node (user) and a set of attributes, this research intends to find densely-connected community in which community members are temporally similar in terms of their activities related to the query attributes. To address the proposed problem, we develop a temporal activity biased weight model which gives higher weight to users' recent activities and develop an algorithm to search an effective community. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is justified using four benchmark datasets and compared with four other baseline methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework yields better outcomes than the baseline methods for all four benchmark datasets.

关键词： Computer science  

摘要： Whether individuals may decide to end other people or their own life has always been a matter of ethical and social debate. The current research explores attitudes toward three cases of unnatural death: capital punishment, abortion, and euthanasia. One considerable factor which shapes individuals’ attitudes toward human intervention in death is religion. Another salient determinant is the effect of racial differences. This dissertation argues that religion and race cause significant changes in individuals’ mindsets toward human intervention in the death process. Therefore, the present research examines how religion affects attitudes toward the death penalty, abortion, and euthanasia and how those effects may be moderated by race. This study proposes differentiating religion into four dimensions: religiosity, spirituality, afterlife beliefs, and religious affiliation. Using data from the 2018 wave of the General Social Survey (GSS), the present research found that religion’s various dimensions have distinct effects on attitudes toward the death penalty, abortion, and euthanasia. However, religion is often influenced by racialized emotions, leading to divergent effects based on race. Results from Logistic regression analysis showed that, without the interaction effect of race, support for the death penalty was significantly influenced by religiosity, spirituality, afterlife beliefs, being Catholic, being female, being Republican, being Liberal, and being Black. For Blacks, the effect of religiosity on support for the death penalty was higher than Whites. Also, the effect of spirituality on support for the death penalty was greatest for Blacks, followed by other races, and smallest for Whites. With regard to abortion, results from OLS Regression demonstrated that, without the interaction of race, support for abortion was significantly influenced by religiosity, spirituality, being Catholic, and being Republican, being Liberal, and education. For Blacks the effect of sp

关键词： Real-Time Feedback   Computer science   Push technology  

摘要： With the development and growth of information technology computational thinking has become a crucial skill. Therefore, using programming courses is a common way of training students in computational skills;however, students usually have poor academic performance when it comes to programming courses. The main reason is that they do not have enough background knowledge to recognize compiler messages, which makes it difficult for them to learn these courses. Therefore, this study developed a Real-Time Feedback Learning System (RTFLS) to help students learn programming. The proposed system integrates a real-time module, a search module, and a push technology module. Therefore, when students practice programming, the RTFLS can monitor their compiler messages, filter and parse them while searching for reference resources and their instant response messages on the Internet. Although the RTFLS has a positive impact on the students' learning performances there are some problems with low relevance in the response messages of the RTFLS. This is because certain compiler messages do not appear in the programming syntax, but can cause errors. Therefore, in some cases, the RTFLS cannot effectively provide highly-relevant response messages.

关键词： Lesions   Mammography   Data models   Generative adversarial networks   Estimation   Computer science   Breast cancer   Domain Knowledge   Bilateral Asymmetry   Counterfactual   Mammogram Classification  

摘要： Mammogram benign or malignant classification with only image-level labels is challenging due to the absence of lesion annotations. Motivated by the symmetric prior that the lesions on one side of breasts rarely appear in the corresponding areas on the other side, we explore to answer a counterfactual question to identify the lesion areas. This counterfactual question means: given an image with lesions, how would the features have behaved if there were no lesions in the image? To answer this question, we derive a new theoretical result based on the symmetric prior. Specifically, by building a causal model that entails such a prior for bilateral images, we identify to optimize the distances in distribution between i) the counterfactual features and the target side's features in lesion-free areas;and ii) the counterfactual features and the reference side's features in lesion areas. To realize these optimizations for better benign/malignant classification, we propose a counterfactual generative network, which is mainly composed of Generator Adversarial Network and a prediction feedback mechanism, they are optimized jointly and prompt each other. Specifically, the former can further improve the classi?cation performance by generating counterfactual features to calculate lesion areas. On the other hand, the latter helps counterfactual generation by the supervision of classification loss. The utility of our method and the effectiveness of each module in our model can be verified by state-of-the-art performance on INBreast and an in-house dataset and ablation studies.

关键词： Computer science  

摘要： It has been projected that the U.S. economy will have a surplus of computer science jobs in the future to keep up with innovation and the evolution of the digital world, and more computer science professionals will be needed to fill these jobs. In the past 15–20 years, efforts have been underway that focus on the recruitment and retention of students in computer science within elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education. However, only in the past 10 years have these efforts been focused on underrepresented students— those who are not White or Asian—who are underrepresented in the field of computer science. In education, more programs should focus on these groups to fill future needs with respect to growth in industry, representation in innovative solutions, and social mobility. Studies have shown that a student with a positive computer science identity is more likely to persist in the field and graduate from higher education with a major in computer science. Therefore, this particular study explored factors before and during college that underrepresented students have experienced that they perceive to have contributed to the development of a positive computer science identity. Five overarching themes emerged during data analysis: a) coping with diversity in the classroom; b) engaging in high-quality co-curricular and extra-curricular activities; c) teachers and faculty who care; d) family support and role models; e) individual student attributes; and f) computer science programs designed with intentionality. Based on these findings, recommendations of practice are provided for K–12 school districts as well as higher education institutions to systemically improve the experience and inclusivity of computer science in education. Finally, a capstone project was completed after this study, which involved creating a Strategic Vision for computer science at the Boston Public School district, with the goal of encouraging more Boston Public School students to see them

关键词： Gaussian noise   Cryptography   Matrices   Encryption   Protocols   Licenses   Computer science   Learning with errors   learning with rounding   multi-key FHE  

摘要： Fully dynamic multi-key fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) that allows an unlimited number of homomorphic operations for unconstrained parties. That is to say, it supports performing as many computational procedures on inputs (which are encrypted by an unrestricted number of parties) as needed. The existed fully dynamic multi-key FHE scheme is based on the learning with errors (LWE) problem. However, the LWE problem suffers from the intricate and laborious Gaussian sampling which extremely weakens the schemes' efficiencies. What's more, it has been lately revealed that Gaussian sampling creates lots of possible side-channel vulnerabilities that result in the disclosure of secret keys. The paper proposed a fully dynamic multi-key FHE that based on the learning with rounding (LWR) problem which leaves out the time-consuming Gaussian sampling required in the LWE problem while sustaining almost the same security level.

关键词： Accessibility   Cognitive   Computer science   Dyslexia   Education   Websites  

摘要： In a study conducted by Webaim, 98.1% of sites had a detectable accessibility issue. This poses a profound challenge to the 1 billion users across the world who have a disability. This indicates that developers either are not aware of how to make the sites accessible or aware of how critical it is to make the sites usable by all users. This problem is further compounded by the lack of available resources that can educate students and future developers in making their software accessible. To address current limitations/challenges, we have developed an all-in-one immersive learning experience known as the Accessibility Learning Labs (ALL). These modules are carefully crafted to provide students a better understanding of various accessibility topics and increase awareness. They incorporate the best of all learning methods, from case studies to hands-on activities and quizzes. In this paper, we focus specifically on the cognitive module developed under the Accessibility Learning Labs. This module strives to educate students on the importance of building accessible software for users with cognitive disabilities. We discuss the pedagogical approach used to craft the components of the cognitive module and the design rationale behind the experiential activity. We investigate how the order of the reading and experiential activity affect the students' understanding of the material. To do this, we perform a study involving 28 students in 2 computer science-related courses. Our findings include:(I) The accessibility improvements made in the lab have a positive impact on the students' performance when compared to the inaccessible version (II) When the reading material is presented after the experiential activity, students have a better understanding of the cognitive accessibility principles.