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摘要： Il computer è donna. Eroine geniali e visionarie che hanno fatto la storia del'informatica [The computer is female: Brilliant and visionary heroines who made computer science history]By Carla Petrocelli. Bari: Edizioni Dedalo, 2019. Pp. *** than twenty years ago, Jennifer S. Light published her now classic article "When Computers Were Women" inTechnology and Culture. In her article, Light discussed the centrality of women's work on the ENIAC computer, showing that the women who programmed it were written out of the institutional records and excluded from media coverage or academic publications about the ENIAC. After Light's article, more scholars took up the challenge to document the role of women in the history of computing, including the social, cultural, and political processes that hindered the recognition of their work in both the profession and historiography. Some notable examples are the collective volumeGender Codes, edited by Thomas Misa (Wiley-IEEE CS Press, 2010), and the monographs by Janet Abbate and Mar Hicks on the marginalization of women programmers and computer experts in the United States and the United Kingdom,Recoding Gender(MIT Press, 2012) andProgrammed Inequality(MIT Press, 2017), *** Petrocelli'sIl computer è donnais a condensed yet effective introduction to these themes. The book is mostly based on existing academic literature on the history of computing, and to a lesser extent on primary sources and original research. Petrocelli crafts these materials into a gendered account that attaches particular importance to the conflict between the aspirations and skills of women computer pioneers and the sociocultural factors constraining *** starts with the life histories of some famous women in computer science history: computer programming pioneers Ada Lovelace and Grace Hopper, the ENIAC women, and the inventor and Hollywood actress Hedy Lamar (chs. 1–4). Then, she shows how computer technologies were "made mascu

关键词： Optimization   Viruses (medical)   Resource management   Computer science   Genetic algorithms   Complex networks   Cooperative coevolution (CC)   evolutionary algorithm (EA)   networked system   resource allocation   spreading control  

摘要： The control of virus spreading over complex networks with a limited budget has attracted much attention but remains challenging. This article aims at addressing the combinatorial, discrete resource allocation problems (RAPs) in virus spreading control. To meet the challenges of increasing network scales and improve the solving efficiency, an evolutionary divide-and-conquer algorithm is proposed, namely, a coevolutionary algorithm with network-community-based decomposition (NCD-CEA). It is characterized by the community-based dividing technique and cooperative coevolution conquering thought. First, to reduce the time complexity, NCD-CEA divides a network into multiple communities by a modified community detection method such that the most relevant variables in the solution space are clustered together. The problem and the global swarm are subsequently decomposed into subproblems and subswarms with low-dimensional embeddings. Second, to obtain high-quality solutions, an alternative evolutionary approach is designed by promoting the evolution of subswarms and the global swarm, in turn, with subsolutions evaluated by local fitness functions and global solutions evaluated by a global fitness function. Extensive experiments on different networks show that NCD-CEA has a competitive performance in solving RAPs. This article advances toward controlling virus spreading over large-scale networks.

关键词： group programming   distributed collaborative programming   students' needs   COVID-19  

摘要： Collaborative learning activities have become a common practice in current university studies due to the implantation of the EHEA. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a radical and abrupt change in the teaching-learning model used in most universities, and in the way students' group work is carried out. Given this new situation, our interest is focused on discovering how computer science students have approached group programming tasks. For this purpose, we have designed a cross-sectional pilot study to explore, from both social and technological points of view, how students carried out their group programming activities during the shutdown of universities, how they are doing them now, when social distance must be maintained, and what they have missed in both situations. The results of the study indicate that during the imposed confinement, the students adopted a programming model based on work division or distributed peer programming, and very few made use of synchronous distributed collaboration tools. After the lockdown, the students mostly opted for a model based on collaborative programming and there was an increased use of synchronous distributed collaboration tools. The specific communication, synchronization, and coordination functionalities they considered most useful or necessary were also analyzed. Among the desirable features included in a software for synchronous distributed programming, the students considered that having an audio-channel can be very useful and, possibly, the most agile method to communicate. The video signal is not considered as very necessary, being in many cases rather a source of distraction, while textual communication through a chat, to which they are very accustomed, is also well valued. In addition, version control and the possibility of recovering previous states of the practical projects were highly appreciated by the students, and they considered it necessary to record the individual contributions of each member of the

关键词： Game-based learning   Computational thinking   Computer science   Information communication technology (ICT)   Minecraft  

摘要： In the modern education system, new technological teaching aids are used to support learning, to increase motivation and adaptation of students. Game-based Learning (GBL) is one of such aids that it can be successfully integrated to improve teaching and learning in diverse courses. In computer science courses, the concept of programming is found confusing and difficult to understand by students. This study is conducted to investigate and analyze the disposition of 5th grade primary school students on programming through a digital game-play. Sixty-three 5th grade primary school students, with little or no programming knowledge, performed various activities through a digital game framework. The study is based on a descriptive survey model and was carried out by using convergent mixed method design for data collection process. The data were collected through quantitative and qualitative approaches consecutively after the students were experimenting on the given digital game-based activity. The findings indicated that digital game-play helped the students to understand the concept of programming and it is observed that students have developed positive disposition towards programming through game-based activities even if they can have preconceptions.

关键词： Privacy   Authentication   Complexity theory   Computer crime   Computer science   Cryptography   Anonymity   attribute-based credentials   privacy-enhanced authentication   electronic ticket  

摘要： Users accessing services are often required to provide personal information, for example, age, profession and location, in order to satisfy access polices. This personal information is evident in the application of e-ticketing where discounted access is granted to visitor attractions or transport services if users satisfy policies related to their age or disability or other defined over attributes. We propose a privacy-preserving electronic ticket scheme using attribute-based credentials to protect users' privacy. The benefit of our scheme is that the attributes of a user are certified by a trusted third party so that the scheme can provide assurances to a seller that a user's attributes are valid. The scheme makes the following contributions: (1) users can buy different tickets from ticket sellers without releasing their exact attributes;(2) two tickets of the same user cannot be linked;(3) a ticket cannot be transferred to another user;(4) a ticket cannot be double spent. The novelty of our scheme is to enable users to convince ticket sellers that their attributes satisfy the ticket policies and buy discounted tickets anonymously. This is a step towards identifying an e-ticketing scheme that captures user privacy requirements in transport services. The security of our scheme is proved and reduced to a well-known complexity assumption. The scheme is also implemented and its performance is empirically evaluated.

关键词： Tensile stress   Smart cities   Big Data   Cloud computing   Computer science   Big data   smart city   tensor   multi-order HOSVD   distributed computing   incremental computing  

摘要： Smart city, a focus of many researchers from academia and industry, is a successful example of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS). Based on the rapid and efficient processing of large-scale data, Smart city, an example of CPSS, has revolutionized the service provision model by providing proactive services for humans. However, to operationalize the services provided in smart cities, a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneous and large-scale big data is required. Further, to speed up data processing and improve the adaptability and extensibility of big data, CPSS big data processing should be realized in the form of blocks and avoid redundant computing on historical data. In this paper, as an extension of multi-order distributed and incremental High-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) computing, Ring-based Tree algorithm and Tree-based Tree algorithm are proposed for the problems of increasing scale of processable data and computational efficiency. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms have high performance in terms of error, improvement factor, and improvement factor ratio. At last, to demonstrate the performance of our improved algorithms, a case study about CPSS big data processing is provided.

关键词： Indexes   Adders   Task analysis   Fans   Data processing   Solids   Computer science   Computer arithmetic   formal verification   parallel adders   recurrence equation  

摘要： Parallel adders are extensively used in high-performance computer design and hardware acceleration for large-scale data processing. In the adder design theory, a key property of the group propagated carry and the group generated carry is based on the two recurrence equations. The property is fundamental to many parallel prefix adders. However, there is no proof of the property in the literature. This article presents a rigorous and complete proof for it. The proof can leverage a solid ground for a formal verification methodology for parallel adder-based chip design.

摘要： One argument often made against capital punishment is that it would involve the risk of killing innocent people and that such a mistake cannot be corrected in ways that other punishments can. I call this the 'Irrevocability Argument'. In this article, I argue that the Irrevocability Argument is symmetrical with respect to capital punishment and active voluntary euthanasia. If the Irrevocability Argument works against capital punishment, then it also works against active voluntary euthanasia and vice versa. The main upshot of this is that it means at least some of the moral positions that people hold to treat them differently are untenable. Those who rely on the Irrevocability Argument as an argument against capital punishment are also committed to it as an argument against active voluntary euthanasia.

关键词： Layout   Hospitals   Linear programming   Evolutionary computation   Search problems   Computer science   Telecommunications   Double row layout problem (DRLP)   linear programming (LP)   multiobjective evolutionary algorithm   tabu search  

摘要： Facility layout problems (FLPs) in hospitals are typically to arrange facilities or rooms along both sides of a corridor to minimize some objectives. In a hospital, very often there are center-islands to decrease the flow cost among facilities or rooms. However, these islands have not been considered before. In this article, we propose an FLP with center-islands that involves two parallel rows and center-islands. A mixed-integer program formulation is established for modeling it. A methodology for combining a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) and linear program is proposed to solve this problem. MOEA/D optimizes the sequence of facilities on two rows and center-islands while the linear program is embedded into MOEA/D to optimize the exact locations of center-islands. A tabu search with a local search is also integrated into MOEA/D to enhance its search capability. Experiments show that our proposed methodology can effectively solve the problem.

关键词： CBAs   PBAs   mode effect   STEM   school scores   teacher assessments  

摘要： This study reports the impact of examining either with digital or paper-based tests in science subjects taught across the secondary level. With our method, we compare the percentile ranking scores of two cohorts earned in computer- and paper-based teacher-made assessments to find signals of a testing mode effect. It was found that overall, at cohort and gender levels, pupils were rank-ordered equivalently in both testing modes. Furthermore, females and top-achieving pupils were the two subgroups where the differences between modes were smaller. The practical implications of these findings are discussed from the lens of a case study and the doubt about whether regular schools could afford to deliver high-stakes computer-based tests.