教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Bioinformatics   Computer science   Genomics  

摘要： The need to include the genetic variation within a population into a reference genome led to the concept of a genome sequence graph. Nodes of such a graph are labeled with DNA sequences occurring in represented genomes. Due to double-stranded nature of DNA, each node may be oriented in one of two possible ways, resulting in marking one end of the labeling sequence as in-side and the other as out-side. Edges join pairs of sides and reflect adjacency between node sequences in genomes constituting the graph. Linearization of a sequence graph aims at orienting and ordering graph nodes in a way that makes it more efficient for visualization and further analysis, e.g. access and traversal. We propose a new linearization algorithm, called ALIBI - Algorithm for Linearization by Incremental graph BuIlding. The evaluation shows that ALIBI is computationally very efficient and generates high-quality results.

关键词： Algorithms   Bioinformatics   Computer science   High-performance computing in bioinformatics  

摘要： Search schemes constitute a flexible and generic framework to describe how all approximate occurrences of a search pattern in a text can be found efficiently. We propose an algorithm for the dynamic partitioning of search patterns which can be universally applied to any kind of search scheme and demonstrate that this technique significantly reduces the search space. We present Columba, a software tool written in C++, in which a multitude of search schemes are implemented. We discuss implementation aspects such as memory interleaving of Burrows-Wheeler transform representations and the reduction of redundancy that is inherently associated with the edit distance metric. Ultimately, we demonstrate that Columba has superior performance to the state of the art. Using a single CPU core, Columba is able to retrieve all occurrences of 100,000 Illumina reads and their reverse complements within a maximum edit distance of four in the human genome in less than 3 min.

关键词： Sun   solar flares   solar flare forecasting   machine learning   big data   computer science  

摘要： The European Union funded the FLARECAST project, that ran from January 2015 until February 2018. FLARECAST had a research-to-operations (R2O) focus, and accordingly introduced several innovations into the discipline of solar flare forecasting. FLARECAST innovations were: first, the treatment of hundreds of physical properties viewed as promising flare predictors on equal footing, extending multiple previous works;second, the use of fourteen (14) different machine learning techniques, also on equal footing, to optimize the immense Big Data parameter space created by these many predictors;third, the establishment of a robust, three-pronged communication effort oriented toward policy makers, space-weather stakeholders and the wider public. FLARECAST pledged to make all its data, codes and infrastructure openly available worldwide. The combined use of 170+ properties (a total of 209 predictors are now available) in multiple machine-learning algorithms, some of which were designed exclusively for the project, gave rise to changing sets of best-performing predictors for the forecasting of different flaring levels, at least for major flares. At the same time, FLARECAST reaffirmed the importance of rigorous training and testing practices to avoid overly optimistic pre-operational prediction performance. In addition, the project has (a) tested new and revisited physically intuitive flare predictors and (b) provided meaningful clues toward the transition from flares to eruptive flares, namely, events associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These leads, along with the FLARECAST data, algorithms and infrastructure, could help facilitate integrated space-weather forecasting efforts that take steps to avoid effort duplication. In spite of being one of the most intensive and systematic flare forecasting efforts to-date, FLARECAST has not managed to convincingly lift the barrier of stochasticity in solar flare occurrence and forecasting: solar flare prediction thus remains i

关键词： death penalty   capital punishment   public attitudes   public opinion   terrorism  

摘要： This study investigates whether crime type and severity, as well as offender, observer, and victim characteristics predict public attitudes towards capital punishment in Israel. We surveyed Israeli citizens by phone. A random and representative sample of 594 participants, ages 20 to 74, read scenarios illustrating crimes and were asked about their perception of capital punishment as an appropriate punishment. The results indicate that most participants did not support capital punishment. Perceived high-crime severity, a crime that constitutes terrorism, and male observer (participant) status predicted 34% in an increased likelihood of supporting capital punishment. The discussion attributes the stronger support of capital punishment in cases of terrorism to the Israeli experience of chronic terrorism and explains gender differences by gender-role socialization.

关键词： Syntactics  

摘要： Structure or projectional editors are a well-studied concept among researchers and some practitioners. They have the huge advantage of preventing syntax and in some cases type errors, and aid the discovery of syntax by users unfamiliar with a language. This begs the question: why are they not widely used in education? To answer this question we performed a systematic review of 57 papers and performed a bibliometric analysis which extended to 381 papers. From these we generated two hypotheses: (1) a lack of empirical evidence prevents educators from committing to this technology, and (2) existing tools have not been designed based on actual user needs as they would be if human-centered design principles were used. Given problems we encountered with existing resources to support a systematic review, and the role of bibliometric tools in overcoming those obstacles, we also detail our methods so that they may be used as a guide for researchers or graduate students unfamiliar with bibliometrics. In particular, we report on which tools provide reliable and plentiful information in the field of computer science, and which have insufficient coverage and interoperability issues. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Computer science   Society   Databases   Ethics   Policy   SARS-CoV-2  

关键词： Computer science   Databases   Ethics   Policy   SARS-CoV-2   Society  

摘要： Computational social science is a powerful research tool. But it needs its different disciplines to find a common language. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, Nature.

关键词： Computers  

关键词： Employment  

摘要： Gender diversity in the tech sector is-not yet?-sufficient to create a balanced ratio of men and women. For many women, access to computer science is hampered by socialization-related, social, cultural and structural obstacles. The so-called implicit gender bias has a great influence in this respect. The lack of contact in areas of computer science makes it difficult to develop or expand potential interests. Female role models as well as more transparency of the job description should help women to promote their-possible-interest in the job description. However, gender diversity can also be promoted and fostered through adapted measures by leaders. © 2021, CC BY.

摘要： The Interactive Tree Of Life (https://***) is an online tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. iTOL version 5 introduces a completely new tree display engine, together with numerous new features. For example, a new dataset type has been added (MEME motifs), while annotation options have been expanded for several existing ones. Node metadata display options have been extended and now also support non-numerical categorical values, as well as multiple values per node. Direct manual annotation is now available, providing a set of basic drawing and labeling tools, allowing users to draw shapes, labels and other features by hand directly onto the trees. Support for tree and dataset scales has been extended, providing fine control over line and label styles. Unrooted tree displays can now use the equal-daylight algorithm, proving a much greater display clarity. The user account system has been streamlined and expanded with new navigation options and currently handles >1 million trees from >70 000 individual users.