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摘要： The gender imbalance in computer science is getting worse, with computer science being the only Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) field in which women’s representation has steadily declined throughout the past few decades. Rectifying this gender imbalance is an urgent need, both because of fundamental issues of equity and because leaving most women out of the labor market in computer-related industries dramatically lowers the number of American workers to fill these roles. Although many efforts have proved to be effective in increasing women’s participation in computer science, many of those may be difficult to replicate on a large scale, as they relied on a great deal of investment of time and money from high-level administrators. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider alternatives. My dissertation focuses on one attempt to redress the lack of women in computer science—Women-in-Computer-Science (Women-in-CS) or Women-in-Computing (WiC) college clubs. Drawing on organizational change theories, I ask: What are some characteristics of the Women-in-CS clubs and how do students engage them? Do they engender changes? If so, how? I explored these research questions through two theoretically connected but methodologically different studies, using thematic network analysis and ethnography respectively. Through a cross-level analysis, I argue that Women-in-CS clubs’ mission statements and practices directly speak to the challenges of gender inequality in computer science. For students, Women-in-CS club is an identity, a community, a safe space, and the beginning of a career-long practice of mentoring future women in computer science. Moreover, changes driven by such clubs have brought impacts to both the individual level female computer science students and the organizational level computer science departments. Both top-down and bottom-up leadership approaches have been used by these clubs to overcome resistance and obstacles related to social cogniti

关键词： Information science \u0026 technology   computer science  

ISBN: (数字)9781636392691 ISBN: (纸本)9781636392707;9781636392684

摘要： This book introduces Participatory Design to researchers and students in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). Grounded in four strong commitments, the book discusses why and how Participatory Design is important today. The book aims to provide readers with a practical resource, introducing them to the central practices of Participatory Design research as well as to key references. This is done from the perspective of Scandinavian Participatory Design. The book is meant for students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in Participatory Design for research studies, assignments in HCI classes, or as part of an industry project. It is structured around 11 questions arranged in 3 main parts that provide the knowledge needed to get started with practicing Participatory Design. Each chapter responds to a question about defining, conducting, or the results of carrying out Participatory Design. The authors share their extensive experience of Participatory Design processes and thinking by combining historical accounts, cases, how-to process descriptions, and reading lists to guide further readings so as to grasp the many nuances of Participatory Design as it is practiced across sectors, countries, and industries.

关键词： Computer science  

摘要： Social media has become an integral part of human life in the 21st century. The number of social media users was estimated to be around 3.6 billion individuals in 2020. Social media platforms (e.g., Facebook) have facilitated interpersonal communication, diffusion of information, the creation of groups and communities, to name a few. As far as education systems are concerned, online social media has transformed and connected traditional social networks within the schoolhouse to a broader and expanded world outside. In such an expanded virtual space, teachers engage in various activities within their communities, e.g., exchanging instructional resources, seeking new teaching methods, engaging in online discussions. Therefore, given the importance of teachers in social media and its tremendous impact on PK-12 education, in this dissertation, we investigate teachers in social media from a data science perspective. Our investigation in this direction is essentially an interdisciplinary endeavor bridging modern data science and education. In particular, we have made three contributions, as briefly discussed in the following. Current teachers in social media studies suffice to a small number of surveyed teachers while thousands of other teachers are on social media. This hinders us from conducting large-scale data-driven studies pertinent to teachers in social media. Aiming to overcome this challenge and further facilitate data-driven studies related to teachers in social media, we propose a novel method that automatically identifies teachers on Pinterest, an image-based social media popular among teachers. In this framework, we formulate the teacher identification problem as a positive unlabelled (PU) learning where positive samples are surveyed teachers, and unlabelled samples are their online friends. Using our framework, we build the largest dataset of teachers on Pinterest. With this dataset at our disposal, we perform an exploratory analysis of teachers on Pinterest

关键词： Adaptive support   Collaborative learning   Pair programming   Student-student dialogue   Uncertainty   Wizard-of-Oz  

摘要： In computer science education, introductory computer programming courses tend to be the most challenging for novices, with higher dropout rates than other computer science courses. Recruitment and retention of students in computer science fields is an important area of focus in computer science education research, and previous research has considered many classroom approaches. Collaborative practices in the classroom in particular have contributed to lower dropout rates, with structured practices such as pair programming resulting in higher quality code products and increasing retention of students in computer science majors. While pair programming has shown many benefits, there are still challenges to consider. Incompatible partners and getting stuck during collaboration both contribute negatively to the learning experience. Instructors can help mitigate some situations, but this solution is not scalable to large classrooms. Adaptive support systems specifically designed to support collaboration show great promise, achieving similar outcomes to human tutors. The collaborative process must be investigated more deeply in order to determine how exactly such systems can best support students. The goal of this dissertation work was to advance the state of knowledge around how undergraduate students collaborate on computer science tasks through pair programming. In my work, I have modeled and compared the problem-solving approaches of individual students and students pairs, examined the differences between the dialogue of more successful and less successful pairs, and revealed the ways in which learners expressed and addressed uncertainty. My work has identified three recommendations for how to best support students during pair programming in the context of addressing and resolving uncertainty: students should 1) notify partner when uncertainty is resolved, 2) focus on resolving current uncertainty before proceeding with the task, and 3) explain their current thought pro

关键词： Ageing   alcohol   CHAID   older adults   quality of life  

摘要： This investigation derives its impetus from public health concerns around detecting, mitigating, and preventing the deleterious effects that alcohol use can cause particularly in advanced age. We aim to complement gerontological research by exploring the interactive effects of quality of life and related factors on alcohol use outcomes assessed by the Drinking Problem Index. The study is based on cross-sectional data collected from questionnaires mailed to a randomly drawn sample of 6,000 Norwegian adults aged 62 and older (participation rate: 32%). According to the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis, constellations of interactive factors emerged differently for women and men, and, between non-problem and problem drinkers. For women, drinking outcomes were related to intra-psychic functioning, and for men, to physical health and social situation. An ongoing quality-of-life assessment may be very important in the comprehensive assistance provided to those older people who are vulnerable to undergoing alcohol-related harms. © 2020 Canadian Association on Gerontology.

关键词： Drones   Security   Privacy   Ad hoc networks   Tutorials   Encryption   Computer science   Blockchain   drone applications   drone security   fog computing   machine learning   software defined networks   UAV  

摘要： Drone security is currently a major topic of discussion among researchers and industrialists. Although there are multiple applications of drones, if the security challenges are not anticipated and required architectural changes are not made, the upcoming drone applications will not be able to serve their actual purpose. Therefore, in this paper, we present a detailed review of the security-critical drone applications, and security-related challenges in drone communication such as DoS attacks, Man-in-the-middle attacks, De-Authentication attacks, and so on. Furthermore, as part of solution architectures, the use of Blockchain, Software Defined Networks (SDN), Machine Learning, and Fog/Edge computing are discussed as these are the most emerging technologies. Drones are highly resource-constrained devices and therefore it is not possible to deploy heavy security algorithms on board. Blockchain can be used to cryptographically store all the data that is sent to/from the drones, thereby saving it from tampering and eavesdropping. Various ML algorithms can be used to detect malicious drones in the network and to detect safe routes. Additionally, the SDN technology can be used to make the drone network reliable by allowing the controller to keep a close check on data traffic, and fog computing can be used to keep the computation capabilities closer to the drones without overloading them.

关键词： Estimation   Social networking (online)   Blogs   Licenses   Computer science   Urban areas   Cultural differences   Cultural differences   home location estimation   online social networks   Twitter   user profile  

摘要： Social media is used all over the world. Although the home location attribute is available anywhere, few studies have been conducted on the differences in the performance of home location estimation between countries. Because social media is used differently in different countries, the difference between countries in terms of users' relationships needs to be investigated. We consider the performance of graph-based home location estimation in capturing users' relationships, as it is affected by users' social media usage. We analyze user profiles in 10 countries by graph-based estimation and find that some profile attributes, in particular, contribute to the estimation performance for all the countries examined.

关键词： Videos   Visualization   Task analysis   Feature extraction   Monitoring   Kinetic theory   Computer science   Gaze tracking   visual field defect   perimetry   eye biomarkers  

摘要： Visual field defects (VFDs) can be caused by numerous diseases, some of which (e.g., glaucoma) are the main causes of blindness in humans. The present perimetry, which is defined as the measurement of visual field function, has high requirements for patients such as long-term fixation and reliable interaction with the system. In this pilot study, we combined the videos and eye-tracking techniques in a free-watching task and explored the different eye movement behaviors of people with several types of artificial VFDs, such as hemianopia, altitudinal VFDs, and tunnel vision. We carried out the task in a gaze-contingent modality where 38 participants with normal vision were recruited to watch a group of videos monocularly. The eye gaze data were recorded by the tracker during the task. We hypothesized that people with simulated VFDs will produce a more active eye movement coping mechanism to compensate for their visual field disadvantage. A new measurement called eye movement amount (MA) was proposed to describe the amount of eye movement toward a specific direction. Statistically significant differences caused by artificial VFDs were observed by comparing the MA values between the VFD groups and the control group. In addition, we found artificial hemianopia and inferior VFDs lead participants to produced increased MA in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Artificial tunnel vision, on the contrary, induces a decreased MAs in both horizontal and vertical directions. The proposed metrics can be used as potential biomarkers for distinguishing VFDs in a free-watching task.

关键词： Computer science  

关键词： Metadata   Computer science   Deep learning   Tools   Support vector machines   Licenses   Libraries   Research paper classification   Word2Vector (W2V)   metadata   association of computing machinery (ACM)   k-nearest neighbor's (KNN)   decision tree (DT)   random forest (RF)   term frequency (TF)   term frequency and inverse document frequency (TFIDF)   bag of word (BOW)  

摘要： The existing plethora of document classification techniques exploits different data sources either from the content or metadata of research articles. Various journal publishers like Springer, Elsevier, IEEE, etc., do not provide open access to the content of research articles, whereas metadata is freely available there. Metadata like title, keyword, and abstract can serve as a better alternative to the content in various scenarios. In the current literature, researchers have assessed the role of some of the metadata individually. We believe that the collective contribution of metadata parameters can play a significant role in classifying research papers. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the role of metadata, individually as well as in combinations to achieve the objective of research paper classification. Moreover, we have classified the research articles into ACM hierarchy root categories (e.g. general literature, hardware, software, etc.). In this comprehensive evaluation, we have assessed all the possible combinations of metadata features against different classifiers such as Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree. The results of this research reveal that the title & keywords combination outperforms other combinations with an F-measure score of 0.88.