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关键词： Lighting   Estimation   Image color analysis   Visualization   Image enhancement   Distortion   Computer science   Underexposed photo enhancement   perceptually bidirectional similarity   illumination estimation  

摘要： Although remarkable progress has been made, existing methods for enhancing underexposed photos tend to produce visually unpleasing results due to the existence of visual artifacts (e.g., color distortion, loss of details and uneven exposure). We observed that this is because they fail to ensure the perceptual consistency of visual information between the source underexposed image and its enhanced output. To obtain high-quality results free of these artifacts, we present a novel underexposed photo enhancement approach that is able to maintain the perceptual consistency. We achieve this by proposing an effective criterion, referred to as perceptually bidirectional similarity, which explicitly describes how to ensure the perceptual consistency. Particularly, we adopt the Retinex theory and cast the enhancement problem as a constrained illumination estimation optimization, where we formulate perceptually bidirectional similarity as constraints on illumination and solve for the illumination which can recover the desired artifact-free enhancement results. In addition, we describe a video enhancement framework that adopts the presented illumination estimation for handling underexposed videos. To this end, a probabilistic approach is introduced to propagate illuminations of sampled keyframes to the entire video by tackling a Bayesian Maximum A Posteriori problem. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Algebra   Quaternions   Rotors   Three-dimensional displays   Robots   Computer science   Calculus   Geometric algebra   Clifford algebra   quaternion algebra   screw theory   signal processing   electrical engineering and power systems   geometric and quantum computing   image processing   computer vision   graphic engineering   artificial intelligence   machine learning   neural networks   control engineering   robotics   biomedical engineering   and biotechnology  

摘要： Geometric Algebra (GA) has proven to be an advanced language for mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. This review presents a comprehensive study of works on Quaternion Algebra and GA applications in computer science and engineering from 1995 to 2020. After a brief introduction of GA, the applications of GA are reviewed across many fields. We discuss the characteristics of the applications of GA to various problems of computer science and engineering. In addition, the challenges and prospects of various applications proposed by many researchers are analyzed. We analyze the developments using GA in image processing, computer vision, neurocomputing, quantum computing, robot modeling, control, and tracking, as well as improvement of computer hardware performance. We believe that up to now GA has proven to be a powerful geometric language for a variety of applications. Furthermore, there is evidence that this is the appropriate geometric language to tackle a variety of existing problems and that consequently, step-by-step GA-based algorithms should continue to be further developed. We also believe that this extensive review will guide and encourage researchers to continue the advancement of geometric computing for intelligent machines.

关键词： computer   teaching   learning   university   Web of Science   student  

摘要： Among the tools used in teaching and learning, computers are very important. Determining what kind of computer-related studies are carried out in the learning and teaching processes for university students will contribute to future research. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine university students' documents related to computers in teaching and learning, scanned in the Web of Science database, thematically and methodologically. The study was designed by adopting the case study method from the qualitative research models. A sample was not determined for the articles to be included in the study but it was aimed to reach the whole population. In this context, all documents in the Web of Science database have been accessed through the library system of the university. In the document search, the keywords 'learning and teaching' and 'computer' were searched in all areas, and the studies were found by searching the keyword 'university student' within the title. All the studies were analysed by year, document type, Web of Science category, country and language of publication. The findings obtained from the research are explained in detail by content analysis method. A total of 305 documents were reached in the research findings. The findings obtained as a result of the research carried out are given in detail in the findings and results section.

关键词： Itemsets   Data mining   Production facilities   Databases   Memory management   Computer science   Production planning   Data mining   erasable itemset mining   bitmap representation   product database  

摘要： Erasable-itemset mining is a valuable method of pattern extraction for helping the manager of a factory analyze production planning. The erasable itemsets derived can be considered important production information regarding how to plan the production of a factory during an economic depression or financial shortage for the manager. After the erasable-itemset mining was proposed in 2009, several efficient mining approaches for finding erasable itemsets have been developed. However, these methods require a considerable amount of execution time when the amount of product data is large. Especially, manufacturing small amounts of versatile products has been a trend today, and it will generate a large product database. This paper adopts a bitmap representation for itemsets in an erasable-itemset mining algorithm to speed up the execution. Unlike the traditional bitmap meaning for frequent itemsets, a bitmap for erasable-itemset mining here denotes the relationship that a product includes at least one material (item) in a specified itemset. Using the bitmap representation can easily find the desired products to check, thus decreasing the scans of a database. Experimental evaluation on synthesized and real datasets was used to compare the proposed approach with the other two under different parameter values. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can make a good trade-off between execution time and memory usage.

关键词： Computer science  

摘要： Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks have witnessed a significant improvement in performance by utilizing the power of end-to-end neural network models. An NLP system built for one job can contribute to other closely related tasks. Coreference Resolution (CR) systems work on resolving references and are at the core of many NLP tasks. The coreference resolution refers to the linking of repeated object references in a text. CR systems can boost the performance of downstream NLP tasks, such as Text Summarization, Question Answering, Machine Translation, etc. We provide a detailed comparative error analysis of two state-of-the-art coreference resolution systems to understand error distribution in the predicted output. The understanding of error distribution is helpful to interpret the system behavior. Eventually, this will contribute to the selection of an optimal CR system for a specific target task.

关键词： Data models   Filtering   Computer science   Classification algorithms   Licenses   Interpolation   Distributed databases   Imbalanced learning   oversampling   SMOTE   radius distance   initial selection  

摘要： Imbalanced learning problems are a challenge faced by classifiers when data samples have an unbalanced distribution in each class. Furthermore, the synthetic oversampling method (SMOTE) is a preprocessing technique widely used to synthesize new data and balance the different numbers of samples in each class. One of the SMOTE method's expansions is based on the initial selection approach, which determines the best candidates to be oversampled in the data before the process of synthetic example generation starts. However, SMOTE and most of the existing oversampling methods based on initial selection still found overlapping data on the final result. This issue makes it difficult for any classifiers to determine the decision boundary of each class. Therefore, this research proposes a new oversampling technique called Radius-SMOTE, which emphasizes the initial selection approach by creating synthetic data based on a safe radius distance. Furthermore, new synthetic data are prevented from overlapping in the opposite class with the safe radius distance. The Radius-SMOTE was evaluated extensively with thirteen artificial imbalanced datasets from the KEEL repository. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to achieve the best results on 5 datasets, namely yeast-1-4-5-8_vs_7, ecoli-0-1-3-7_vs_2-6, Umbilical cord, Pima, and Haberman dataset in term of various assessment metrics. Besides that, the computational cost for our proposed method is also relatively low, with an average time of 0.5 to 1 second on the 13 tested datasets.

关键词： Semantics   Indexes   Internet   Search problems   Search engines   Computer science   Task analysis   Academic search   knowledge graph   inverted index   structure search   citation networks analysis  

摘要： The rapid growth in the number of scholarly documents on the Web and in other digital platforms makes it challenging for researchers to find research publications most relevant to their information needs. This challenge has been mitigated to a greater extent by the major scholarly retrieval systems, such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, CiteSeerX, and others. The reason for the success of these retrieval solutions lies in the advances in ranking approaches. However, the existing studies advocate for the fact that we are still far from the method's effectiveness ceiling, leaving ample room for further improvement to meet the scholarly needs of users. The existing methods adopt different approaches;some use classical Information Retrieval (IR), others use semantics-aware methods, including Knowledge Graph (KG) to support scholarly search. However, we hypothesize that combining the best of both worlds can further improve search relevance. In this context, this work incorporates inverted index from the classical IR with BM25 as the weighting scheme, combined with Citation Networks Analysis (CNA) for the baseline search results, which are then re-ranked by passing the selected entities from the top-k initial search results as the search query to the KG. This way, not only the textual content but also the structural semantics of the research publications are well exploited in the retrieval processes. The goal is to exploit IR and KG-based retrieval techniques to gain insights into the behavior of both textual and structured information in the strategic ranking of scholarly articles. The proposed solution has been evaluated using the ACL Anthology Network (AAN) dataset. The results show that the proposed technique can comparatively improve the retrieval performance in terms of Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG) and precision rates.

摘要： Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by significant impairments in social communication and interaction. Theories regarding the cognitive development of ASD individuals suggest that high-functioning individuals are adept at analyzing and constructing systems so they may find STEM occupations more appealing. Researchers found that young adults with ASD in STEM fields were more likely to concentrate be science or computer science majors in college than the general population. In 2001, Baron-Cohen et al. published the seminal paper on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a self-administered questionnaire that measures autistic traits in adults. In the paper, they established that there is a significant difference between the AQ scores of high functioning autistic adults and adults of the normal population (35 vs. 16.4). Subsequent studies have confirmed the result. Interestingly, among Cambridge University students that Baron-Cohen et al. recruited, Math and Computer Science majors had the highest AQ scores (21.5 for Math majors, 21.1 for CS majors and 17.6 for all university students). In this thesis, we explored the findings about Computer Science majors further. Part of our motivation stems from research that shows high-functioning autistic young adults tend to pursue STEM majors. Moreover, among those who majored in STEM fields, Computer Science was the top *** recruited UW-Milwaukee students enrolled in Computer Science 250 (CS 250) the Introduction to Programming class, and Computer Science (CS) and Computer Engineering (CE) majors who have applied for graduation in Spring 2020 and Fall 2020. All students were asked to answer the AQ and their AQ scores were compared to their grades. Our results are as follows. The average AQ score among all the participants is 23.04, which was comparable to Baron-Cohen et. al.’s findings. The beginner CS students average AQ score is 22.8 while that of the graduating students is sligh

ISBN: (纸本)0252085663;9780252085666

摘要： Many scholars are interested in the effective use of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) in teaching and learning. Traditional teaching approaches make it difficult for students to comprehend the process of cell division. Using a range of instructional devices, such as the interactive whiteboard, emphasize the dynamic nature of cell division (IWB). The purpose of the study is to explore how grade 10 life sciences teachers use interactive whiteboards when teaching meiosis. Using a cross-case analysis, this study analyzed the teaching and learning processes using IWBs in teaching meiosis at grade 10. A case study approach research aims at investigating the use of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) utilized in three different schools in South Africa so as to obtain first-hand information. Interviews and lesson observations were carried out with four different teachers. The Saldana coding model was used to analyze the responses, and narrative analysis was used. The IWBs have not been successfully used in the teaching of meiosis. Factors such as lack of teacher training on the use of IWBs and insufficient technological support have been cited as some of the reasons IWBs are not effective in teaching and learning. Recommendations such as, teacher training and setting aside a proper budget for IWB implementation were made. For future research, it would be great for researchers to investigate how to better recognize technology leaders in a school, including how personality, expertise, qualifications, and preferences all play a role in identifying a successful technology leader.