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ISBN: (纸本)9781450384070

摘要： This article examines police brutality and the militarization of Black and Brown communities in the United States. Specifically, we explored African Americans’ experiences with the criminal justice system by tracing the school to prison pipeline. It will document policies and practices that have historically contributed to the criminalization of Blacks. We will present the life conditions of adjudicated youth and adults in their quest for education, work, and affordable housing. It makes the case for transforming the culture of policing through anti-racist education and training programs.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)  

摘要： Hierarchical domain-specific classification schemas (or subject heading vocabularies) are often used to identify, classify, and disambiguate concepts that occur in scholarly articles. In this work, we develop, apply, and evaluate a human-in-the-loop workflow that first extracts an initial category tree from crowd-sourced Wikipedia data, and then combines community detection, machine learning, and hand-crafted heuristics or rules to prune the initial tree. This work resulted in WikiCSSH;a large-scale, hierarchically-organized vocabulary for the domain of computer science (CS). Our evaluation suggests that WikiCSSH outperforms alternative CS vocabularies in terms of vocabulary size as well as the performance of lexicon-based key-phrase extraction from scholarly data. WikiCSSH can further distinguish between coarse-grained versus fine-grained CS concepts. The outlined workflow can serve as a template for building hierarchically-organized subject heading vocabularies for other domains that are covered in Wikipedia. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Routing   Resource management   Computer science   Task analysis   Switches   Spread spectrum communication   Buildings   SMART NoC   contention-minimized routing   bypassing   end-to-end latency   direct route   indirect route  

摘要： SMART (Single-cycle Multi-hop Asynchronous Repeated Traversal) Network-on-Chip (NoC), a recently proposed dynamically reconfigurable NoC, enables single-cycle long-distance communication by building single-bypass paths directly between distant communication pairs. However, such a single-cycle single-bypass path will be readily broken when contention occurs. Thus, packets will be buffered at intermediate routers with blocking latency from other contending packets, and extra router-stage latency to rebuild the remaining path when available, reducing the bypassing benefits that SMART NoC offers. In this article, we for the first time propose an effective contention-minimized routing algorithm to achieve maximal bypassing in SMART NoCs. Specifically, we identify two potential routes for packets: direct route, with which packets can reach the destination in a single bypass;and indirect route, with which packets can reach the destination in multiple bypasses via a (multiple) intermediate router(s). The novel feature of the proposed routing strategy is that, contrary to an intuitive approach, not the routes with minimal distance but the indirect routes via the arbitrary intermediate routers (even if they may be non-minimal) that avoid contentions yield the minimized end-to-end latency. Our new routing strategy can greatly enrich the path diversity, effectively minimize the conflicts between communication pairs, greatly balance the workloads and fully utilize bypass paths. Evaluation on realistic benchmarks demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed routing strategy, which achieves average performance improvement by 35.48 percent in communication latency, 28.31 percent in application schedule length, and 37.59 percent in network throughput, compared with the current routing in SMART NoCs.

关键词： Entrepreneurs   Diversity   New ventures   Entrepreneurial ecosystem   Venture capital   Thematic analysis   Public policy   Start up   COVID-19   Angel investment   Risk capital   Economic recovery  

摘要： Purpose Canada has lagged in access to capital for high-potential, growth-oriented new ventures, but has made considerable strides in the past decade. This study aims to examine the evolving state of the market for risk capital in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a critical assessment of government policy from the perspective of angel investors and diverse communities of entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach A thematic analysis was conducted of seven COVID-19 roundtable discussions hosted by the National Angel Capital Organization that included 51 global and national-level business and political leaders. The analysis extracted the most salient details from the discussions, distilling them into timely and actionable insights for policymakers. Findings The analysis suggests that the government's economic policy response to the COVID-19 crisis fails to address the sudden liquidity problems faced by new ventures. Entrepreneurs and angel investors have remained resilient, rallied as a community and demonstrated an extraordinary level of trust. Traditionally under-represented communities of entrepreneurs are more affected by the crisis than others. Practical implications The findings and recommendations are of relevance to policymakers interested in post-COVID-19 economic policies to address the unique challenges faced by start-ups and ensure their full contribution to economic recovery. Originality/value The paper presents several policy recommendations and proposes a novel framework to describe the impacts of the pandemic on different categories of start-ups.

关键词： Engineering   Materials science   Computer science  

摘要： Future progress in computing calls for innovative ways to map the physical characteristics of materials to the logic functions needed by computing architectures. An electronic device called a molecular memristor provides a way forward. An iron complex that functions as a memristor device.

关键词： 理工类大学生   社会实践课   教学设计   资源环境建设   组织实施  

摘要： 该文针对理工类大学生的特点和不足,特别是在社会实践活动中存在的突出问题,将社会实践按课程的方式进行组织,构建了“专业素养与守正创新、人文精神与家国情怀、社会实践与服务社会”相统一的体系化育人模式,并从教学设计、资源环境建设、组织实施等方面进行了卓有成效的改革与实践,取得了良好的实践育人效果。

关键词： 计算机   科学与技术   教学   有效策略  

摘要： 在信息时代背景下,计算机学科对于学生的作用显得尤为重要。教师要结合学生的实际学习需求,帮助学生深入学习计算机科学与技术知识,开辟具有创新意义的计算机科学与技术教学活动,全面增强学生的学科能力,提高学生的学科核心素养。教师运用创新性、多样性的教学手段,将学生培养成具有专业能力和素养的优秀计算机技能型人才,为企业、社会输送大批计算机领域的新生力量。文章从多个方面阐述计算机科学与技术教学的有效策略。

关键词： 计算机科学与技术   应用型人才   培养模式   改革  

摘要： 文章指出随着社会经济的发展,对计算机科学与技术专业的人才培养质量要求越来越高,我国大部分的高校都开设了计算机科学与技术专业,毕业生数量多,就业压力大。另外,随着科学技术的飞速发展,计算机相关技术发展更是日新月异,对高校的人才培养提出了更高的要求和期望。目前,只有不断改进和创新人才培养模式,才能适应社会和企业对业务能力强、综合素质高的应用型创新型人才的需求。

关键词： Privacy   Collaborative work   Cryptography   Information theory   Differential privacy   Computer science   Computational modeling  

摘要： Privacy has become an emerging challenge in both information theory and computer science due to massive (centralized) collection of user data. In this article, we overview privacy-preserving mechanisms and metrics from the lenses of information theory, and unify different privacy metrics, including f-divergences, Rényi divergences, and differential privacy (DP), in terms of the probability likelihood ratio (and its logarithm). We review recent progress on the design of privacy-preserving mechanisms according to the privacy metrics in computer science, where DP is the standard privacy notion which controls the output shift given small input perturbation, and information theory, where the privacy is guaranteed by minimizing information leakage. In particular, for DP, we include its important variants (e.g., Rényi DP, Pufferfish privacy) and properties, discuss its connections with information-theoretic quantities, and provide the operational interpretations of its additive noise mechanisms. For information-theoretic privacy, we cover notable frameworks, including the privacy funnel, originated from rate-distortion theory and information bottleneck, to privacy guarantee against statistical inference/guessing, and information obfuscation on samples and features. Finally, we discuss the implementations of these privacy-preserving mechanisms in current data-driven machine learning scenarios, including deep learning, information obfuscation, federated learning, and dataset sharing.