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关键词： 大数据   计算机科学与技术   改造升级   改革  

摘要： 在分析当前计算机科学与技术专业人才培养存在问题的基础上,提出大数据时代计算机专业改造升级路径。主要从改革思路、教学内容、教学实践、师资队伍、教学方式、人才评价体制等方面入手,提供较为完善的改进方向。

关键词： 大数据   信息时代   计算机科学  

摘要： 随着我国信息技术的不断改革和发展,各行各业在发展的过程当中都引进了很多先进的互联网技术,逐渐进入信息时代的发展环境当中。论文以大数据信息时代当中计算机科学的应用为中心展开讨论。

关键词： Complex networks   Task analysis   Directed graphs   Indexes   Twitter   Computer science   User ranking   higher-order relations   motif   pagerank  

摘要： PageRank has been widely used to measure the authority or the influence of a user in social networks. However, conventional PageRank only makes use of edge-based relations, which represent first-order relations between two connected nodes. It ignores higher-order relations that may exist between nodes. In this article, we propose a novel framework, motif-based PageRank (MPR), to incorporate higher-order relations into the conventional PageRank computation. Motifs are subgraphs consisting of a small number of nodes. We use motifs to capture higher-order relations between nodes in a network and introduce two methods, one linear and one non-linear, to combine first-order and higher-order relations in PageRank computation. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world networks, namely, DBLP, Epinions, and Ciao. We study different types of motifs, including 3-node simple and anchor motifs, 4-node and 5-node motifs. Besides using single motif, we also run MPR with ensemble of multiple motifs. We also design a learning task to evaluate the abilities of authority prediction with motif-based features. All experimental results demonstrate that MPR can significantly improve the performance of user ranking in social networks compared to the baseline methods.

关键词： 吕梁黑山羊   细胞培养   支原体污染   支原体去除   plasmocin  

摘要： 为了快速发现细胞培养过程中的支原体污染,并在污染发生早期有效去除,从而挽救细胞。以吕梁黑山羊耳缘成纤维细胞为研究对象,通过显微镜直接观察法、DNA荧光染色法结合检测细胞,可在1 h内快速发现细胞是否存在支原体污染。对疑似支原体污染的试验组细胞使用25μg/mL支原体抗生素(Plasmocin)连续处理14 d,再通过上述2种方法和PCR法结合检测细胞中是否仍存在支原体污染,绘制药物处理后试验组细胞的生长曲线。结果表明,支原体污染早期,用25μg/mL Plasmocin连续处理试验组细胞14 d后,高倍显微镜下细胞形态恢复,荧光试剂Hoechst 33342染色观察试验组细胞和对照组细胞均只见胞核,核外未见散在荧光,PCR未检测到支原体,药物处理后试验组细胞生长曲线正常。说明细胞已恢复正常生长,支原体抗生素Plasmocin可有效去除细胞培养中早期支原体污染。

关键词： Computer science education   Professional development   Elementary school curriculum   Computer science unplugged   Educational robotics   Curriculum implementation  

摘要： Integrating computer science (CS) into school curricula has become a worldwide preoccupation. Therefore, we present a CS and Robotics integration model and its validation through a large-scale pilot study in the administrative region of the Canton Vaud in Switzerland. Approximately 350 primary school teachers followed a mandatory CS continuing professional development program (CPD) of adapted format with a curriculum scaffolded by instruction modality. This included CS Unplugged activities that aim to teach CS concepts without the use of screens, and Robotics Unplugged activities that employed physical robots, without screens, to learn about robotics and CS concepts. Teachers evaluated positively the CPD and their representation of CS improved. Voluntary adoption rates reached 97% during the CPD and 80% the following year. These results combined with the underpinning literature support the generalisability of the model to other contexts.

关键词： Translational computer science   Open source software development   Multidisciplinary research  

摘要： The Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute at the University of Utah evolved from the SCI research group, started in 1994 by Professors Chris Johnson and Rob MacLeod. Over time, research centers funded by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Energy, and State of Utah significantly spurred growth, and SCI became a permanent interdisciplinary research institute in 2000. The SCI Institute is now home to more than 150 faculty, students, and staff. The history of the SCI Institute is underpinned by a culture of multidisciplinary, collaborative research, which led to its emergence as an internationally recognized leader in the development and use of visualization, scientific computing, and image analysis research to solve important problems in a broad range of domains in biomedicine, science, and engineering. A particular hallmark of SCI Institute research is the creation of open source software systems, including the SCIRun scientific problem-solving environment, Seg3D, ImageVis3D, Uintah, ViSUS, Nektar++, VisTrails, FluoRender, and FEBio. At this point, the SCI Institute has made more than 50 software packages broadly available to the scientific community under open-source licensing and supports them through web pages, documentation, and user groups. While the vast majority of academic research software is written and maintained by graduate students, the SCI Institute employs several professional software developers to help create, maintain, and document robust, tested, well-engineered open source software. The story of how and why we worked, and often struggled, to make professional software engineers an integral part of an academic research institute is crucial to the larger story of the SCI Institute's success in translational computer science (TCS).

关键词： Computer science   Machine learning   Society  

摘要： Two books offer complementary insights into how artificial intelligence is shaping society.

关键词： ambivalent sexism   death penalty   honour culture   rape myths   social norms   Turkey  

摘要： Ambivalent sexism and related issues such as rape myths and gendered social norms serve to maintain structural gender inequalities. Exploring the implications of benevolent and hostile sexism separately in social practice, such as retaliatory acts in honour cultures, is essential for understanding gender-based violence and inequalities. Although a vast majority of research focused on direct and interpersonal aggressive response or retaliatory acts against the honour threat in honour cultures, little is known about subtler collective social processes in honour-damaging situations. To address the gap in our understanding of how retaliatory responses are carried out against honour threat in a subtler and collective way, we focused on the rising demands for reinstatement of the death penalty to stop the increased rates of sexual violence in Turkey as a collective retaliatory response against honour-threat. To test this argument, we conducted a survey study with 450 participants to examine the role of ambivalent sexism, the gendered norms of honour culture, and rape myths in supporting the death penalty for rape offenders in Turkey. The results indicate that ambivalent sexism and honour culture's gendered norms predicted support for capital punishment. Furthermore, hostile sexism moderated the relationship between rape myth acceptance and support for death penalty. We find that individuals who have high hostile sexism and strong rape myth acceptance do not support capital punishment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the social mechanisms related to hostile and benevolent sexism which results in support for the death penalty in Turkey.

关键词： Protocols   Internet   Laboratories   Python   Tools   Computer science   future Internet   networking  

摘要： Contribution: In a context where hands-on courses are biased toward specific technologies, a novel creativity-provoking instructional approach for networking undergraduate courses is successfully applied following action research principles and active and creative learning techniques. Background: Extensive engineering-oriented networking courses have been proposed with a strong focus on specific protocol solutions. At the same time, the amount and complexity of techniques is notably increasing with the advent of the Future Internet. As a result, the curricula looses focus on the fundamentals of networking algorithms. Intended Outcomes: We address algorithmic learning in networking for computer sciences, where students are expected to 1) create;2) develop;3) analyze;and 4) compare algorithms and processes regardless of protocol-specific technologies. At least 70% of the students are expected to meet this goal while enhancing their engagement and motivation in a time-constrained course schedule. Application Design: To achieve 1) and 2), we instrument an active experimental strategy, while objectives 3) and 4) are tackled with creative learning techniques, both applied in an action research framework. The approach is supported by state-of-the-art networking application interfaces and simulators. Furthermore, a blended and game learning component favors the engagement via comparison and competition of students' project metrics. Findings: The experiment is carried out by professors of the Computer Science Bachelor's degree taught in FAMAF. Results show that the applied methodology met the intended outcomes, and improved by 7% in a two-year cycle. Furthermore, the approach was very well received based on student's feedback.