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关键词： programming   meeting talk   computer science   indexicality   conversational analysis  

摘要： The formulation of computer algorithms requires the elimination of vagueness. This elimination of vagueness requires exactness in programming, and this exactness can be traced to meeting talk, where it intersects with the indexicality of expressions. This article is concerned with sequences in which a team of computer scientists discuss the functionality of prototypes that are already implemented or possibly to be implemented. The analysis focuses on self-repair because this is a practice where participants can be seen to orient to meanings of different expressions as alternatives. By using self-repair, the computer scientists show a concern with exact descriptions when they talk about existing functionality of their prototypes but not when they talk about potential future functionality. Instead, when participants talk about potential future functionality and attend to meanings during self-repair, they use vague expressions to indicate possibilities. Furthermore, when the computer scientists talk to external stakeholders, they indicate through hedges whenever their descriptions approximate already implemented technical functionality but do not describe it exactly. The article considers whether the code of working prototypes can be said to fix meanings of expressions and how we may account for human agency and non-human resistances during development.

关键词： Computer science   Creative thinking   Mathematics   Relationship between musical competence and exact sciences  

摘要： The study aims to examine the relationship between the formation of creative thinking through learning, music achievement, and exact sciences performance. The data were collected for the academic period of 2017-2018 (N = 1042), 2018-2019 (N = 1006) and 2019-2020 (N = 1271). To identify the link between the creative thinking skills of music students and their progress in exact sciences, an adapted creativity questionnaire was introduced. The correlation coefficients were obtained with the help of a regression analysis performed in SPSS. The study relied on the linear regression analysis and the Fisher z-transformation. T-tests were introduced to study group differences in average academic achievement between students who attended music classes and those who did not have them. The size of the Cohen's d effect was calculated in order to determine the mean differences in standard deviations between the groups. In the adapted creativity questionnaire, the reliability coefficient of creative mathematics tests was 0.78 while creative computer science tests received 0.79. There is a symmetrical relationship between music learning and academic performance in exact sciences. According to the findings, creative thinking skills of music students have a positive correlation with student performance in mathematics (r = 0.435, p = 0.05, p = 0.004) and computer science (r = 0.402, p = 0.05, p = 0.000). The results of a positive relationship between the creative thinking skills of students who previously studied music and their success in mastering exact sciences can be sent to educational administrators to maintain and improve programs.

关键词： Electrical engineering   Testing   Computer science   Systematics   Standards organizations   Software engineering   Software   Electrical engineering (EE)   introduction   process   testing   conclusion (IPTC)   genre analysis   macrostructure   research articles (RAs)  

摘要： Background: More than 30 years ago, Harmon distinguished developmental research articles (RAs), which propose a solution to a problem, from experimental RAs, but the developmental format has received little attention. Literature review: Genre analysis of RAs has been largely restricted to articles following the standard experimental/Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion (IMRD) format, thereby excluding many developmental engineering articles. Recently, a textbook proposed Introduction, Process, Testing, Conclusion (IPTC) as a prototypical format for electrical engineering RAs, but this format has not yet been demonstrated from a corpus. Research questions: 1. What is the macrostructure of electrical engineering RAs? 2. What are the characteristic features of each division of electrical engineering RAs? Methodology: Section headings, wordcount, and notable features were analyzed for 75 RAs from 15 electrical engineering journals and compared with both IPTC and Harmon's developmental structure. Results: Only one article, a case study, followed IMRD. Sixty-seven developmental RAs followed the IPTC format. These are distinguished by the second division (P), where the new solution is described, written in extended style, comprising several sections with headings specific to the research. A paragraph at the end of the Introduction describing the organization of the paper, the location of the theoretical framework and testing methods, and a ubiquitous Conclusion also differ from IMRD. Seven developmental RAs exhibited a hybrid format with the well-known IMRD section headings superimposed on an IPTC structure. Conclusions: Most electrical engineering articles are developmental and follow IPTC format. This can inform future genre analysis research and has pedagogical implications for teaching engineering writing.

关键词： digital artefacts   archaeogaming   media archaeology   computer science  

摘要： Contemporary life has become deeply entangled with the digital. Every day, huge quantities of data, or digital artefacts, are generated. To date, the archaeological study of these artefacts has been limited, its potential demonstrated by a few initial studies and, more recently, the emergence of archaeogaming. If archaeology seeks to understand human culture, however, the study of these digital artefacts must become mainstream. This will require collaboration with computer scientists to bring an archaeological sensibility to understanding the virtual. Ultimately, the aims and methods required resemble those that archaeologists have already developed, but require a change of mindset if they are to be widely deployed for the study of digital artefacts.

关键词： STEM   inequities   gender   stereotypes   motivation  

摘要： Societal stereotypes depict girls as less interested than boys in computer science and engineering. We demonstrate the existence of these stereotypes among children and adolescents from first to 12th grade and their potential negative consequences for girls' subsequent participation in these fields. Studies 1 and 2 (n = 2,277;one preregistered) reveal that children as young as age six (first grade) and adolescents across multiple racial/ethnic and gender intersections (Black, Latinx, Asian, and White girls and boys) endorse stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering. The more that individual girls endorse genderinterest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering, the lower their own interest and sense of belonging in these fields. These gender-interest stereotypes are endorsed even more strongly than gender stereotypes about computer science and engineering abilities. Studies 3 and 4 (n = 172;both preregistered) experimentally demonstrate that 8- to 9-y-old girls are significantly less interested in an activity marked with a gender stereotype ("girls are less interested in this activity than boys") compared to an activity with no such stereotype ("girls and boys are equally interested in this activity"). Taken together, both ecologically valid real-world studies (Studies 1 and 2) and controlled preregistered laboratory experiments (Studies 3 and 4) reveal that stereotypes that girls are less interested than boys in computer science and engineering emerge early and may contribute to gender disparities.

关键词： Computer science   Network   Network topology  

摘要： Link prediction is a paradigmatic problem in network science, which aims at estimating the existence likelihoods of nonobserved links, based on known topology. After a brief introduction of the standard problem and evaluation metrics of link prediction, this review will summarize representative progresses about local similarity indices, link predictability, network embedding, matrix completion, ensemble learning, and some others, mainly extracted from related publications in the last decade. Finally, this review will outline some long-standing challenges for future studies.

关键词： Bioinformatics   Computer science   Omics   Software engineering   Systems biology   Transcriptomics  

摘要： Single-cell RNAseq is a routinely used method to explore heterogeneity within cell populations. Data from these experiments are often visualized using dimension reduction methods such as UMAP and tSNE, where each cell is projected in two or three dimensional space. Three-dimensional projections can be more informative for larger and complex datasets because they are less prone to merging and flattening similar cell-types/clusters together. However, visualizing and cross-comparing 3D projections using current software on conventional flatscreen displays is far from optimal as they are still essentially 2D, and lack meaningful interaction between the user and the data. Here we present CellexalVR (***), a feature-rich, fully interactive virtual reality environment for the visualization and analysis of single-cell experiments that allows researchers to intuitively and collaboratively gain an understanding of their data.