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关键词： 学科组织健康   世界一流学科   成长机理  

摘要： 世界一流学科的形成有赖于健康的学科组织,它能够实现绩效与学术声誉、社会责任、理念引领的协调一致,并有能力实现持续发展、自我更新、质量跃升。以学科组织健康为理论分析框架,分别从动力来源、行动路向、学术结构维度观测世界一流学科的组织健康特征,在此基础上整合学科组织健康的理论框架,旨在探寻与学科可持续成长相适应的组织理念、结构特征。研究表明,世界一流学科不仅需要持续推动知识组织化建设,更需要面向知识网络化的挑战改造其组织结构;世界一流学科并不期待大学制度层面的跨越式变革,而应该遵循学科可持续发展规律促进知识创新与组织演化迭代更新;世界一流学科是一个系统形塑的结果,特别重视“大学学科”理念的深化,以及学科、专业、课程一体化建设。

关键词： 新工科   地方高校   人才培养   课程思政  

摘要： 在"互联网+"时代,新工科建设背景下地方高校信息类专业人才培养模式的改革成为趋势。本文以笔者所在学校计算机与信息科学学院为例,探索新工科背景下地方高校信息类专业技术教育改革与实践,同时强化了课程思政在人才培养的重要性,为新工科背景下信息类人才培养提供样板。

关键词： 威慑理论   暴力犯罪   死刑   犯罪防控  

摘要： 通过对美国死刑废止州和死刑保留州的实证研究发现,死刑威慑力对暴力犯罪发案率并没有显著影响。公安机关承担暴力犯罪防控的重要职责,应科学认识死刑在暴力犯罪防控中的有限效应,更加积极科学地开展立体化暴力犯罪防控体系建设,有效配置防控资源,提高暴力犯罪预防、预警、预测能力,提升暴力犯罪治理体系和治理能力的现代化。

摘要： Experiences discovering attempts to subvert the peer-review process.

关键词： computer science   programming languages   IBM   Algol   Fortran   Cobol  

摘要： There probably has never been such a controversial programming language as Algol. In the early 1960s the disciplinary success of the so-called Algol project in helping to forge the discipline of computer science was not matched by a significant adoption of the Algol language, in any of its three versions. This contrast is even more striking when considering the contemporary success of IBM's Fortran, a language that, like Algol, was also conceived for scientific computation, but unlike Algol, initially only available for IBM computers. Through extensive archival research, this article shows how the relentless pursuit of a still better language that came to dominate the agenda of the Algol project brought to the fore the tension between the research-driven dimension of the project and the goal of developing a reliable programming language. Such a strong research-oriented agenda increased IBM's doubts about a project that the firm already felt little urge to support. Yet IBM did not want to appear as obstructing the development of either Algol or Cobol, even if these "common languages" posed a clear risk to the firm's marketing model. The US Department of Defense's endorsement of Cobol and the rising popularity of Algol in Europe convinced IBM to push for the use of Fortran in Western Europe in order to protect the domestic market. IBM's action in support of Fortran reminds us of the power imbalances that have shaped computer science.

关键词： Early childhood   Computer science   Programming app   Educational settings   Quantitative analysis   Learning analytics  

摘要： With a growing number of ScratchJr usage, over 19 million users worldwide, we examined the use in the United States of the free ScratchJr programming language, explicitly designed for young children ages 5-7, to learn how to code. Our objective was to explore children's usage of the ScratchJr tablet app at home and school settings. We analyzed usage data from Google Analytics in 1.5 years, comparing Scratchsr usage in the two different settings. Our dataset comprised a total of 4,352,802 coding sessions, generated by a daily average of 2525 home users and 9969 school users. The results suggested that, although children in both settings on average spent an equal duration with ScratchJr, children in home settings spent more time exploring advanced coding blocks and the paint editor compared to children at school. Further, children at school tended to use similar types of coding blocks across several days. In contrast, children at home were more likely to use a diversity of block categories and difficulty levels. The implications of this research are, first, that usage patterns may help us understand how children across settings learn to program differently. Second, based on these findings, it may be essential for parents at home and educators at school to consider using different approaches and strategies.

关键词： CS education   SPE   teacher learning   student learning   sociocultural views of learning   intersectionality   nepantla   emotionality   dis   ability  

摘要： This article advocates for the intersectional rights of teachers and students of computer science (CS) and special education (SPE) in urban education. Using an intersectional nepantla lens, we propose that CS education be accessible to all SPE teachers and students with dis/abilities. We argue for a focus on social-emotional intersectional rights as crucial foundations for an equitable approach to teaching and learning in CS SPE. We end with implications for educational stakeholders and teacher education programs that open pathways for socioemotional and intersectional rights of underrepresented teachers and students of CS and SPE.

关键词： Security   Cloud computing   Network slicing   5G mobile communication   Ecosystems   Symbiosis   Computer science   Cyber security   MTD   mimic defense   cloud native   network functions virtualization (NFV)   software defined network (SDN)   network slicing  

摘要： With the emergence of cloud native technology, the network slicing enables automatic service orchestration, flexible network scheduling and scalable network resource allocation, which profoundly affects the traditional security solution. Security is regarded as a technology independent of the cloud native architecture in the initial design, traditional passive defense such as "reinforced" and "stacked" is relied on to achieve system security protection. The lack of intrinsic security mechanisms makes the system capability insufficient when faces the uncertain threat brought by vulnerabilities and backdoors under the ecosystem of opening-up and sharing. The static nature of existing networks and computing systems makes them easy to be compromised and hard to defend, and thus it is urgent to provide intrinsic security and proactive protection against the unpredictable attacks. To this end, this paper proposes a novel paradigm named intrinsic cloud security (iCS) from the perspective of dynamic defense. The dynamic defense provides component-level security, and has complementary and consistency with the cloud native environment. In particular, iCS introduces mimic defense and moving target defense (MTD), and makes full use of the new features introduced by cloud native to implement an intrinsic and proactive defense mechanism with acceptable costs and efficiency. The iCS paradigm achieves seamless integration and symbiosis evolution between security and cloud native. We implement a trial of iCS based on 5GC commercial system and evaluate its performance on costs, efficiency and attack success. The result shows that the iCS enhanced mode always can provide a better and more stable defense effects.

关键词： Gender   Sexualities   Aging   Intimate relationships   Life course  

摘要： Research on aging and sexuality has proliferated in recent years. However, little is known about the genderspecific effects of aging on dating and sexuality. Using survey data from the 2014 wave of Singles in America (SIA), a comprehensive survey on adult singles' experiences with dating and sexuality, we examine whether age differentially affects heterosexual women's and men's dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors and whether gender differences persist across the life course. We find that men remain active in the dating and sexual marketplace longer than women. Although main effects of gender differences are documented in dating and sexual attitudes and behaviors, the results show that gender does not operate the same across the life course. Notably, gender differences shrink or are eliminated in attitudes and behaviors surrounding partnering in midlife and late adulthood, suggesting that age is integral to understanding gendered heterosexuality.

关键词： autism research   COVID-19   early career researchers  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted autism research and services. Early career researchers (ECRs) are particularly vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic on job security and career development. The goal of this study was to capture the challenges ECRs are facing during the pandemic and the supports that are needed for career development and research. ECRs were invited to complete an online survey that focused on four major areas;the impact of COVID-19 on their research;changes in productivity due to COVID-19;changes to training due to COVID-19;and current mental health. 150 ECRs were eligible and provided sufficient data for inclusion. All but one ECRs reported their research had been negatively impacted by the pandemic. Reductions in productivity were reported by 85% of ECRs. The biggest impacts included recruitment of participants, increased needs at home and personal mental health. ECRs reported a 3-fold increase in burnout, as well as increased anxiety. ECR supports, such as funding, flexibility, and tenure extensions, are required to ensure ASD research does not suffer from a "lost generation" of researchers. Lay Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative impacts on research around the world. Loss of productivity impedes autism research discoveries. However, researchers in the earliest phases of their career, specifically postdoctoral fellows through individuals in assistant professor (or equivalent) positions, are particularly vulnerable to long-lasting effects of pandemic-related disruptions which may limit their ability to continue as autism researchers. This survey highlights the needs of this group and identifies mechanisms by which these early career researchers may be supported in this time. This is critical to ensure the next generation of ASD researchers and clinician scientists continue on the path to advancing understanding of autism in the decades to come.