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关键词： Adversarial machine learning  

摘要： The field of Computer science (CS) has rapidly evolved over the past fewdecades, providing computational tools and methodologies to various fields andforming new interdisciplinary communities. This growth in CS has significantlyimpacted institutional practices and relevant research communities. Therefore,it is crucial to explore what specific research values, known as basic andfundamental beliefs that guide or motivate research attitudes or actions,CS-related research communities promote. Prior research has manually analyzedresearch values from a small sample of machine learning papers. No prior workhas studied the automatic detection of research values in CS from large-scalescientific texts across different research subfields. This paper introduces adetailed annotation scheme featuring ten research values that guide CS-relatedresearch. Based on the scheme, we build value classifiers to scale up theanalysis and present a systematic study over 226,600 paper abstracts from 32CS-related subfields and 86 popular publishing venues over ten years. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Physics   Optics   Computer science  

摘要： Plasmon-induced transparency is a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). However, its realization and control primarily rely on geometry engineering rather than tuning plasmon polaritons (PPs) themselves, due to their relatively poor tunability. Recently discovered polariton modes in low- symmetry materials exhibit volume-confined field distributions, thickness-dependent dispersions, and in- plane anisotropy, offering possibilities for the realization and manipulation of polariton-induced transparency (PIT). In this study, we theoretically achieve geometry-symmetry-free and material-symmetry-guaranteed PIT based on volume-confined phonon polaritons (vPhPs) in stacked bilayer a-MoO3 structures. PIT arises from the strong resonance of vPhPs and the subsequent robust near-field coupling at large thicknesses, where the in-plane anisotropy of vPhPs results in multi-spectral PIT across different polariton bands, enabling the tuning of PIT by adjusting the lattice orientation of a-MoO3 without altering geometry. These findings highlight the potential of polariton modes beyond PPs in PIT systems, with applications in sensors, modulators, and slow light systems.

关键词： Open source software  

摘要： When Computer Science (CS) students try to use or extend open-source software (OSS) projects, they often encounter the common challenge of OSS failing to build on their local machines. Even though OSS often provides ready-to-build packages, subtle differences in local environment setups can lead to build issues, costing students tremendous time and effort in debugging. Despite the prevalence of build issues faced by CS students, there is a lack of studies exploring this topic. To investigate the build issues frequently encountered by CS students and explore methods to help them resolve these issues, we conducted a novel dual-phase study involving 330 build tasks among 55 CS students. Phase I characterized the build issues students faced, their resolution attempts, and the effectiveness of those attempts. Based on these findings, Phase II introduced an intervention method that emphasized key information (e.g., recommended programming language versions) to students. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of our intervention in improving build success rates. Our research will shed light on future directions in related areas, such as CS education on best practices for software builds and enhanced tool support to simplify the build process. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Vectors   Testing   Indexes   Time complexity   Glass box   Frequency modulation   Computer science   Codes   Fault diagnosis   Closed box   Lexicographical ordering (LO)   regression testing   software product lines (SPL)   software testing   test case prioritization (TCP)  

摘要： Test case prioritization (TCP) has been widely used in software testing, which aims to execute test cases that are more likely to detect faults earlier than others. Among many proposed TCP approaches, lexicographical ordering-based TCP (LO-TCP) can effectively resolve ties encountered in the prioritization process, leading to better performance than original TCP approaches. However, the current LO-TCP needs to use the white-box information such as the code coverage of the program under test, which may be infeasible in some black-box testing applications such as software product lines (SPLs). In this article, we transfer the traditional LO-TCP to SPL testing by leveraging test configuration coverage instead of code coverage, and also empirically conduct some simulations and evaluate the large-scale real-world programs with real faults. The experimental results show that LO-TCP can have better performance for testing SPLs, as compared with traditional TCP approaches.

关键词： Computer science   Social sciences  

摘要： In recent years, incorporating tax mechanisms into evolutionary game theory has become a popular research focus. However, previous studies often failed to simultaneously consider the coexistence of heterogeneity in tax collection and distribution. In this article, we introduce a heterogeneous tax mechanism and apply it to the reward model of the traditional public goods game. Surprisingly, changes in reward costs have little impact on defectors, primarily influencing competition within cooperative strategies. We explain the reason for this phenomenon through the individual's strategy transfer probabilities. Another important finding is that rewarding cooperators is always available despite their number being few at lower tax rates. It is because when rewarding cooperators face unfavorable situations, global tax becomes a key factor in maintaining their survival. Finally, the robustness of the model is verified.

关键词： Stereotype threat   Gender   E-learning   Computer science   MOOC  

摘要： Despite ongoing progress towards gender equality in education, women remain significantly underrepresented in computer science-a field still shaped by stereotypical expectations in our society. This gap is evident in both traditional classroom settings and online learning platforms such as MOOCs, where women face psychological barriers that hinder their learning success. As MOOCs increase accessibility and democratize education, it's particularly important to address the barriers women face in these platforms. By analyzing 338,459 negative reviews from 8,067 IT and software courses offered by the MOOC provider Udemy, we explored the differences in how men and women experience these online learning environments. Our analysis was complemented by ten expert interviews, which helped us develop key propositions to explain these gender-based differences and derive guidelines to overcome them. Our results reveal that men and women criticize similar topics in IT courses, demonstrating that they do not belong to different user groups. However, differences between male and female reviews emerge within each topic. These differences are reflected in different communication styles, demands and areas of emphasis, shaped by gender-specific backgrounds, socialization processes and stereotypes. To overcome these differences, we propose seven guidelines drawing form Stereotype Threat Theory for designing gender-inclusive online courses that focus on inclusive communication and representation, creating supportive learning environments, and implementing high-quality, bias-aware educational practices. Aiming to foster greater participation and success for women in computer science.

关键词： Computer science   Politics  

摘要： The country is betting on AI to develop practical, cost-effective business tools for global markets, especially lower-income countries.

关键词： Resilience   Competences   Junior doctors   COVID-19  

摘要： BackgroundAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, strict measures suspended face-to-face teaching at German universities, posing significant challenges for medical education. Practical, patient-centered training couldn't be fully replaced by online formats, leading to skill deficits and increased stress among students. To date, no study has examined the impact of COVID-19 on the resilience and the competence of medical graduates so far. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating the pandemic impact on resilience, medical competence, communication skills, and research competence of medical *** study employed data from the "Bavarian Graduate Study of Medicine" (MediBAS), a cross-sectional evaluation survey conducted in cooperation with Bavarian universities and the Bavarian Institute for higher education research and planning. It targeted medical, dental, and veterinary graduates. The data were collected in two waves (2018/19 and 2022/23), with 1.114 human medicine graduates participating. The questionnaire assessed among others resilience, medical expertise, communication skills, and research competence. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney-U tests due to non-normal data *** study analyzed self-assessed resilience, medical expertise, communication, and research skills of medical graduates from two waves. The findings demonstrated through descriptive statistics a decline in all competencies except research skills, which exhibited an increase. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between variables. Mann-Whitney-U tests revealed no significant differences between the waves in resilience (p =.079, r =.06), medical expertise (p =.117, r =.05), communication skills (p =.053, r =.07), or research competence (p =.106, r =.05).ConclusionThe study examined the impact of COVID-19 on medical graduates' resilience, medical expertise, communication ski

关键词： Machine learning   Computer science  

摘要： Government policies, generous funding and a pipeline of AI graduates have helped Chinese firms create advanced LLMs.

关键词： Students  

摘要： High-quality computer science (CS) instruction is essential for preparingstudents to thrive in an increasingly technology-driven world. This researchbrief presents findings from a six-year longitudinal study of CS enrollments inseven public high schools from the 2018-2019 through the 2023-2024 academicyears, drawing on the administrative data of over 15,000 students. Results showthat overall enrollment in CS courses rose modestly from 10% to 15% between the2018-2019 and 2022-2023 school years. Enrollment declined to 13% in 2023-2024,though the cause and persistence of this trend remains unknown. Additionalanalyses differentiate foundational and advanced CS courses as well as examineparticipation by sex and race, offering additional insight. As CS, artificialintelligence, and related fields become more important across our society, theyalso become a key component of a robust K-12 education. Analyzing andunderstanding these trends in CS enrollments is crucial to inform policy andinstruction that encourage students to participate and succeed in CS;thisresearch brief presents one such analysis. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.