教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： peacebuilding   post-conflict   referendums   youth  

摘要： A referendum to decide on Bougainville's future political relationship with Papua New Guinea was held in November 2019. The deferred, non-binding, referendum is a key milestone contained in the Bougainville Peace Agreement (BPA), which sought to reconcile a violent conflict from 1988 to 1998. Although the Bougainville peace process has been deemed a success and significant milestones have been reached towards implementation of the BPA, the conflict continues to have enduring impacts. Particular concerns have been raised about Bougainville's large youth population, often referred to as the 'lost generation'. This paper documents observations of the 2019 referendum from the perspective of four university students born during the conflict in Siwai District, South Bougainville, whom participated officially in the referendum as an observer group. While trauma and a disrupted education have contributed to youth unemployment and substance abuse in Bougainville, the paper offers a stark contrast to negative narratives of young Bougainvilleans as lacking capabilities to contribute to social and political life. As Bougainville embarks on yet another period of political uncertainty, the paper calls for greater attention to finding avenues to support these young voices to ensure that their generation is not 'lost' forever.

关键词： Programming Languages   Compilers   Interpreters   Processor Architectures   Computer Science   general  

摘要： The purpose of this study is to investigate gait in patients with neurological disorders using accelerometers. Accelerometers were placed on both ankles of participants undergoing gait analysis. Data were collected during the 10-min walk test from healthy participants (n = 20) and patients with neurological deficits (n = 22) scheduled for surgery. Additional data were obtained after surgery for comparison. Both the time and frequency domain features were compared between healthy participants and patients. The interval between successive heel-strikes differed significantly, as did that between successive toe-offs. These features were correlated in healthy participants but not in patients, for whom the correlation coefficients tended to increase after surgery, indicating that the correlations can be used to monitor gait recovery and ankle-worn accelerometers were effective in collecting data for gait monitoring.

关键词： Benchmark testing   Optimization   Heuristic algorithms   Generators   Computer science   Performance analysis   Optimization methods   Continuous dynamic real-world problems   dynamic benchmark problems   evolutionary algorithms   future directions   performance indicators   unconstrained continuous dynamic optimization  

摘要： This article presents the second Part of a two-Part survey that reviews evolutionary dynamic optimization (EDO) for single-objective unconstrained continuous problems over the last two decades. While in the first part, we reviewed the components of dynamic optimization algorithms (DOAs);in this part, we present an in-depth review of the most commonly used benchmark problems, performance analysis methods, static optimization methods used in the framework of DOAs, and real-world applications. Compared to the previous works, this article provides a new taxonomy for the benchmark problems used in the field based on their baseline functions and dynamics. In addition, this survey classifies the commonly used performance indicators into fitness/error-based and efficiency-based ones. Different types of plots used in the literature for analyzing the performance and behavior of algorithms are also reviewed. Furthermore, the static optimization algorithms that are modified and utilized in the framework of DOAs as the optimization components are covered. We then comprehensively review some real-world dynamic problems that are optimized by EDO methods. Finally, some challenges and opportunities are pointed out for future directions.

关键词： Tools   Real-time systems   Task analysis   Education   Computer science   Cognition   Standards   Critical thinking   digital intervention   human-computer interaction design   mobile learning   research projects  

摘要： Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) provide customized advice, ongoing support, and Web- and mobile-based platforms for learners who want to change their undesirable behaviors. DBCIs have been successful in the past for delivering interventions that support sustained changes to health behaviors, such as disease prevention and health promotion. During research tasks, university students can require interventions associated with critical thinking skills and behaviors. By using a DBCI, educators can assist students with improving their learning skills in research projects. This study aims to understand student interactions and engagement with mobile-based DBCIs with the objective of improving their critical thinking skills. An experimental group was used to explore the effects of students' interactions with an engaging mobile-based DBCI with real-time feedback and it was designed using the LifeGuide Toolbox platform, which supports their critical thinking skills over a period of two months while they conduct a research project. A comparison between formative expert assessments and self-reported evaluation was also performed. This experiment reveals that using a DBCI to encourage critical thinking skills within a research project context can significantly improve engagement with intervention components, as well as recommend areas that require further exploration where specific critical thinking skills and digital interventions components are the most promising.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Computer Hardware   Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Data Structures and Information Theory  

摘要： Zusammenfassung Vorspann: Die digitale Transformation geht Hand in Hand mit einem radikalen Wandel der Märkte. Gewinner beider Entwicklungen sind solche Unternehmen, die das Wohlergehen von Menschen in den Vordergrund stellen und „Service for Good“ *** dem Weg zu Service for Good: Die Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre führen uns vor Augen, dass sich grundlegende Annahmen über Märkte, Produkte und Wertschöpfung verändern. Die Gewinner der digitalen Transformation machen vor, was theoretische Fundamente der modernen Betriebswirtschaftslehre erklären: Die Zukunft liegt in der Gestaltung von Services, die auf die persönliche Situation von Menschen ausgerichtet sind. Eine Herausforderung des Human Life Engineering ist es, Potenziale der Digitalisierung für personennahe Dienstleistungen nutzbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet hierfür notwendige Grundlagen der Service Logik und stellt mit der Service Canvas einen anwendungsorientierten Gestaltungsrahmen vor. Hieraus leitet sich ein Methodenset zum Design personennaher Dienstleistungen ab, das im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts eine erste praktische Anwendung fand. Ziel ist es, Unternehmen in der Gestaltung zukunftsorientierter Angebote zu begleiten, die das Wohlergehen von Menschen in den Vordergrund stellen: Service for Good.

关键词： Task analysis   Sensors   Resource management   Crowdsensing   Mobile handsets   Computational modeling   Computer science   Assignment duration time   incentive mechanism   mobile crowdsensing (MCS)   truthful payment  

摘要： Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) has gained much attention due to the proliferation of smart devices equipped with powerful sensors. Large-scale users are the foundation of MCS, so designing incentive mechanisms to motivate users to participate in MCS is necessary. Existing works on incentive mechanisms usually assume a scenario where a group of tasks arrive at the platform at the same time and are immediately assigned to users. We argue that a more realistic MCS scenario can delay a task, which is called the assignment duration time, to wait for appropriate users. In this scenario, we focus on proposing a truthful incentive mechanism to reduce the overall social cost. Due to the uncertainty of coming users, the problems of selecting the appropriate users and calculating the payment for each recruited user (winner) are more complicated. To overcome these challenges, we design a dynamic truthful incentive mechanism (DTIM) including winner selection and payment decision processes. The former uniformly recruits users before the assignment deadline of tasks and dynamically readjusts the recruiting frequency of other tasks to select winners iteratively, which achieves an approximation ratio. Furthermore, the latter determines truthful payment for each winner to encourage user participation as well as avoid being deceived, which achieves truthfulness, individual rationality, and computational efficiency. Finally, massive simulations based on a real dataset roma/taxi validate the DTIM, which can effectively reduce the overall social cost and make a truthful payment for each winner.

关键词： Cloud computing   Maintenance engineering   Data models   Delays   Computer science   Social networking (online)   Power system reliability   Cloud storage   replication   data availability   cost-effectiveness  

摘要： Data availability is one of the most important performance factors in cloud storage systems. To enhance data availability, replication is a common approach to handle the machine failures. However, previously proposed replication schemes cannot effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, especially while increasing the data availability with limited resources. The schemes for correlated machine failures must create a constant number of replicas for each data object, which often neglects diverse data popularities and does not utilize the resource to maximize the expected data availability. Also, the previous schemes neglect the consistency maintenance cost and the storage cost caused by replication. It is critical for cloud providers to maximize data availability (hence minimize SLA violations) while minimizing costs caused by replication in order to maximize the revenue. In this paper, we build a nonlinear integer programming model to maximize data availability in both types of failures, and therefore minimize the cost caused by replication. Based on the model's solution for the replication degree of each data object, we propose a low-cost multi-failure (correlated and non-correlated machine failures) resilient replication scheme (MRR). MRR can effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, considers data popularities to enhance data availability, and also tries to minimize consistency maintenance and storage cost. Extensive numerical results from trace parameters and experiments from real-world Amazon S3 demonstrate that MRR achieves high data availability, low data loss probability and low consistency maintenance and storage costs when compared to previous replication schemes.

关键词： Optimization   Statistics   Sociology   Search problems   Convergence   Sorting   Computer science   Directed sampling (DS)   evolutionary multiobjective optimization   large-scale multiobjective problems (LSMOPs)   nondominated sorting   reference vectors  

摘要： It is particularly challenging for evolutionary algorithms to quickly converge to the Pareto front in large-scale multiobjective optimization. To tackle this problem, this article proposes a large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm assisted by some selected individuals generated by directed sampling (DS). At each generation, a set of individuals closer to the ideal point is chosen for performing a DS in the decision space, and those nondominated ones of the sampled solutions are used to assist the reproduction to improve the convergence in evolutionary large-scale multiobjective optimization. In addition, elitist nondominated sorting is adopted complementarily for environmental selection with a reference vector-based method in order to maintain diversity of the population. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive on large-scale multiobjective optimization test problems with up to 5000 decision variables compared to five state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.

关键词： User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction   Computer Science   general   Personal Computing   Mobile Computing  

摘要： Understanding how to take into account the breadth of considerations required by third-wave HCl remains a challenge when designing technologies. This requires an understanding of what embodiment means, and in particular, a collective notion of embodiment. Within the field of digital musical instrument (DMI) design, the need for a DMI to support musical agency has been recognised along with a view of the inter-relationship between musician, instrument, context and audience as an ecology has been developed. These considerations are consonant with an understanding of embodiment within this field. In this paper we describe a project in which a digital musical instrument was designed and developed adopting an approach informed by participatory design where musicians became integral to the design process. Through this process a practical understanding of the nature of musical agency and this ecology was developed. This understanding provides insights into the nature of embodiment and meaning making within a creative and performative practice, and is informative to the wider field of HCl as it seeks to understand considerations of embodiment.