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关键词： Aging   Analytical chemistry   Bioinformatics   Cellular biology   Chemistry   Computer science   Gerontology   Logic   Medicine   Neurosciences   Public health  

摘要： The need to gain a molecular understanding of disease initiation, development, diagnosis and therapy has illustrated the importance of holistic systems biology studies using multi-omic analyses. Among the greatest hurdle of multi-omic workflows are the vast number of biomolecules classes that, despite their biological significance, are poorly understood and limit the quality, depth, and biological insight of multi-omic analyses. Therefore, a great need exists for tools to facilitate data analysis and interpretation for the less developed omics. Lipids are one class of biomolecules that face substantial analytical obstacles in confidently identifying and measuring lipid species that further result in significant downstream hurdles for determining their biological connotations. In recent decades, significant progress has been made on the analytical side of this issue with much less development surrounding the biological interpretation challenges. To address the remaining informatic challenges, I have developed a Structural-based Connectivity and Omic Phenotype Evaluations (SCOPE) cheminformatics toolbox to facilitate lipid inquiry across both structure/biological connections and metadata associations. My dissertation details this approach and its’ application for three biological projects. The first is a longitudinal monitoring of stem cell differentiation into neural and mesodermal lineages where I aimed to understand normal cell development through the similarities and differences of lipidome alterations across unique cell lines. In my next application, I explored two pregnancy complications, preeclampsia (PRE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through both lipidome and proteome perturbations to elucidate mechanisms of interest for both syndromes. Finally, my dissertation details a comprehensive proteomic, lipidomic and metallomic analysis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across two brain regions: the frontal cortex (FCX) and cerebellum (CB). In this study I was ab

关键词： Information science \u0026 technology   computer science   information science \u0026 technology   computer science  

ISBN: (数字)9781636392905 ISBN: (纸本)9781636392899;9781636392912

摘要： From its inception, artificial intelligence (AI) has had a rather ambivalent relationship with humans—swinging between their augmentation and replacement. Now, as AI technologies enter our everyday lives at an ever-increasing pace, there is a greater need for AI systems to work synergistically with humans. One critical requirement for such synergistic human‒AI interaction is that the AI systems" behavior be explainable to the humans in the loop. To do this effectively, AI agents need to go beyond planning with their own models of the world, and take into account the mental model of the human in the loop. At a minimum, AI agents need approximations of the human"s task and goal models, as well as the human"s model of the AI agent"s task and goal models. The former will guide the agent to anticipate and manage the needs, desires and attention of the humans in the loop, and the latter allow it to act in ways that are interpretable to humans (by conforming to their mental models of it), and be ready to provide customized explanations when *** authors draw from several years of research in their lab to discuss how an AI agent can use these mental models to either conform to human expectations or change those expectations through explanatory communication. While the focus of the book is on cooperative scenarios, it also covers how the same mental models can be used for obfuscation and deception. The book also describes several real-world application systems for collaborative decision-making that are based on the framework and techniques developed here. Although primarily driven by the authors" own research in these areas, every chapter will provide ample connections to relevant research from the wider literature. The technical topics covered in the book are self-contained and are accessible to readers with a basic background in AI.

关键词： Computer science   Amino acids   Gene expression   Aging   Proteins   Bioinformatics   Biophysics   Computational physics  

摘要： Proteins are important biomolecules of life. Hence, understanding proteins' functions is important. Despite many biotechnological advancements, many proteins remain functionally unannotated. This dissertation aims to help advance the current understanding of proteins' functions by developing network-based computational approaches to study individual protein structures as well as physical interactions between proteins. Specifically, we use network representations of proteins at two different scales, as follows. First, we study biomolecular interactions within a protein using a protein structure network (PSN). In a PSN, nodes are amino acids of a protein, and edges capture amino acids' spatial proximities in the protein's 3-dimensional (3D) structure. We develop computational approaches for mining interesting PSN patterns, which we then use to quantify 3D protein structural similarities. Additionally, we use PSNs to study a specific protein folding-related phenomenon, i.e., to understand relationships between protein 3D structures and synonymous codon usage. Second, we study biomolecular interactions between proteins using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, where nodes are proteins and edges capture physical interactions between proteins. The current PPI network data of a given species is static. However, biological processes, including how cellular functioning changes with e.g., aging, disease progression, etc., are dynamic. Hence, dynamic PPI network data can potentially help improve our understanding of proteins' functions. We develop computational approaches for the inference and analysis of dynamic PPI networks and use them to study human aging.

关键词： Software   Logic   Flexibility   Design   Energy efficiency   Queries   Field programmable gate arrays   Computer engineering   Computer science   Energy   Engineering  

摘要： While FPGAs are becoming mainstream in the deployment of datacenters and cloud systems, they are mostly used as updatable ASICs. This thesis shows that it is feasible to achieve acceleration for runtime-only known problems using dynamically built stream processing pipelines if we efficiently exploit the given FPGA resources and utilize additional techniques such as resource elasticity. To achieve this, the requirements for stream processing accelerators are researched and an efficient dynamic stream processing protocol is proposed. Exemplifying our approach to database query processing due to its key importance in the Big Data era, a module library of the most used database operators is built. For this purpose, design factors for building scalable streaming accelerators are discussed and efficient accelerators for filter, sort, and join are proposed. Accelerators are fully decoupled from the external infrastructure through a partially reconfigurable generic DMA module that converts standard AXI interfaces into the proposed streaming protocol. To improve the flexibility and throughput of the proposed system, resource elastic techniques are discussed and applied to key accelerators. This allows a runtime scheduler to fully tailor the execution pipeline to the runtime-only known problem and available FPGA resources. The performance and overheads in the prototyped system are evaluated and show that our approach is beneficial for FPGA acceleration. Overall, with these contributions, this thesis shows stream processing acceleration achieved by execution pipelines that are adapting, through using resource elasticity, to the problem and available resources at runtime.

关键词： Probability   Algorithms   Pandemics   Signal processing   Flexibility   Computer science   Electrical engineering   Engineering   Mathematics  

摘要： DIXIT, VAIDEHI ULHAS. Nonparametric Estimation of aMixing Distribution with Applications. (Under the direction of Ryan Martin). Problems where a signal of interest is corrupted by noise are ubiquitous in science, business, and engineering applications. They are also quite challenging, so these have attracted considerable attention from both the statistics and applied mathematics communities. Mixture models are commonly used to formulate these problems in a statistical setting, where the unobservable signal of interest is characterized by an unknown mixing distribution. Then the separate-signal-from-noise problem amounts to estimating that mixing distribution based on data observed from the corresponding mixture. This problem is especially challenging because it boils down to estimation of a distribution based on only noise-corrupted samples from it. Likelihood-based methods tend to focus—either by choice or by certain mathematical consequences—on mixing distributions that are discrete. This includes pure likelihood and Bayesian approaches. In addition to various computational challenges, this tendency towards finite/discrete mixing distributions implies that likelihood-based methods do not provide a fully satisfactory solution to the problem of separating signal from noise. Therefore, other methods, which are not likelihood-based, deserve consideration. One such alternative is the so-called predictive recursion (PR) algorithm that provides a computationally efficient and genuinely nonparametric mixing distribution estimate, first introduced in 1998. An important feature of PR is that it is capable of producing a mixing distribution estimate having a smooth density function. While the PR algorithm itself is not new, its unconventional form implies that there are still a number of unanswered questions and opportunities for new developments. This dissertation explores some of these. With nonparametric estimation of mixing distributions via the PR algorithm as the prima

关键词： Computer science   artificial intelligence   public \u0026 nonprofit management  

ISBN: (数字)9788770227568 ISBN: (纸本)9788770227575

摘要： The concepts of telemedicine and e-healthcare have eased as well as improved the reachability of experienced doctors and medical staff to remote patients. A patient who is living in a remote village area can directly connect to specialist doctors across the globe though his/her mobile phone using telemedicine systems and e-healthcare services. In pandemic situations like COVID-19, these online platforms helped society to get medical treatment from their residence without any physical movement. Technology is transforming human lives by playing an important role in the planning, designing, and development of intelligent systems for better service. This book presents a cross-disciplinary perspective on the concept of machine learning, blockchain and IoT by congregating cutting-edge research and insights. It also identifies and discusses various advanced technologies such as internet of things (IoT), big data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, cyber security, cloud computing, sensors and so on that are vital to foster the development of smart healthcare and telemedicine systems by providing effective solutions to the medical challenges faced by humankind.

关键词： Computer Science   Mathematics & Statistics   MathML  

ISBN: (数字)9788770224062 ISBN: (纸本)9788770224079

摘要： Starting with the historical evolution of computer and communications networks and their security, the book then arrives at the main definitions of cryptography and network security. Next, the basics of information theory, how to measure information, the information associated with a certain source are also discussed. Source codes are presented, along with the concepts of information transmission, joint information, conditional entropy, mutual information and channel capacity. Computer networks are discussed, including the main protocols and network architectures, and the important TCP/IP protocol. Network security, a topic intrinsically connected to computer networks and the Internet, is presented, along with information about basic hacker attacks, alternatives to prevent attacks, data protection and secure protocols. The information theoretical aspects of cryptography are described including the hash function. An appendix includes a review of probability theory. Illustrations and graphics will help the reader understand the theory.

关键词： Computer science   Privacy   Security   Performance evaluation   Research and development  

摘要： Artifact evaluation is an established peer review practice in several fields of computer science research. In the security field it only has been introduced recently. The author highlights several benefits of artifact sharing for and beyond the research community, inspects the specifics of the security field, and derives suggestions to foster artifact sharing in the security field. Embracing artifact sharing will help to strengthen and mature the field. © 2003-2012 IEEE.

关键词： software testing   software engineering   software engineering education   active teaching methodologies  

摘要： Software testing is regarded as a key activity in the software development cycle, as it helps information technology professionals to design good quality software. Thus, this is an essential activity for the software industry, although with all its nuances high priority is still not being given to learning about it at an academic level. The purpose of this work is to investigate a teaching strategy for software testing which involves acquiring academic skills within a curriculum based on active teaching methodologies. A teaching model was designed for this to coordinate the different areas of a subject, and then a controlled quasi-experiment was carried out in a post-graduate course to evaluate the application of this model. The results obtained demonstrate that there was a considerable learning gain in the experimental group that adopted the teaching approach, when compared with the control group that relied on a traditional approach. The student t test was employed to determine the learning efficiency.

关键词： Image color analysis   Computational modeling   Hemorrhaging   Distortion   Image coding   Visualization   Computer science   Color separation   palette-based recoloring  

摘要： Palette-based image recoloring provides a simple yet effective way for color adjustment, which allows users to interactively manipulate the color of an image by editing a compact color palette. While remarkable progress has been made by previous methods, they have the common limitations that may produce unfaithful image recoloring results i.e., the obtained result does not respond faithfully to the palette adjustment, and tend to induce visual artifacts such as color bleeding and distortion. To address these limitations, we in this paper present a novel color separation model for palette-based recoloring. Akin to previous methods, our color separation model is built upon the assumption that color of each pixel in an image can be formulated as a linear combination of a small set of same basis colors. However, different from previous palette-based recoloring methods which typically rely on heuristic rules to build the color separation model, we experimentally reveal the underlying relationship between the color separation and the palette-based recoloring, and summarize three specialized color separation priors that allow more faithful palette-based recoloring. Based on these priors, we devise a blind color separation model that not only does not require known palette as input as done in previous methods, but also enables more effective palette-based recoloring with much less visual artifacts. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art palette-based recoloring methods. In addition, we show some applications enabled by the proposed color separation model, including automatic pattern coloring generation, green screen keying and region-controllable color transfer.