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关键词： Artificial Intelligence   Computer Science   general   Engineering Economics   Organization   Logistics   Marketing   Control   Robotics   Mechatronics   Performing Arts   Methodology of the Social Sciences  

关键词： Women   Relational sensibility   Moral imagination   Positioning   Undergraduate degrees  

摘要： There is extensive literature concerning women's low participation in the technology industry. However, little is known about the relational aspect of women's participation in information technology-related degrees. This study focused mainly on relational sensibility and women's experience of the situation as it is, and how they imagine it could be and should be, as potential life projects are formulated in relation to, and with, others as they engage in 4-year undergraduate degrees in computer science (CS) or information technology (IT). Data were generated from five semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with seven women (n = 12 participants). The women in this study enrolled in an undergraduate degree as they were able to solve complex IT problems by themselves and then help others. Further, the self-positioning and the positioning by others created emotional tension and effected the women's relational sensibilities. Most of the women were undecided about their future career in IT because of the lack of transparency and information about what is involved in employment in the field. We argue that moral imagination provides a different perspective to understand women's underrepresentation in the CS and IT fields.

关键词： Capital punishment   National socialism   Burial   Histology  

摘要： Introduction: Berlin anatomist Hermann Stieve (1886-1952) had access to many bodies of execution victims during the period of National Socialism and used tissues from these bodies to conduct histological research. Estate material of his eldest son, who died in 2012, included histological specimens related to this research, some of them carrying inscriptions with names. This historical investigation tried to identify the individuals behind these names and their fate. Sources and methods: Information was sought in several archives, the data collection of the Gedenkstatte Deutscher Widerstand (German Resistance Memorial Center), Stieve's own publications, and in other estate material. Findings: Thirty-six of the hundreds of histological slides from the estate carried a total of 20 personal names. Fifteen of these could be unequivocally related to individual historical persons, twelve women and three men, all of them executed at Berlin Plotzensee prison between 1937 and 1945. As detailed as the archival sources allowed, the fate of these individuals was reconstructed. They include men and women convicted of alleged political resistance activities, but also of just stealing cigarettes or speaking bad of Hitler. They were all victims of a murderous justice system, and their fate demonstrates the involvement of the anatomist in this system. Conclusions: The histological slides from Stieve's estate were buried on the Dorotheenstadtischer Friedhof in central Berlin on 13 May 2019. For most execution victims, this place now is the only known burial site of their mortal remains, as they were denied a grave at the time. (C) 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Face   Gallium nitride   Computational modeling   Training   Computer science   Generators   Generative adversarial networks   Deep learning   face parsing   face photo-sketch synthesis   generative adversarial network (GAN)   image-to-image translation  

摘要： Face photo-sketch synthesis aims at generating a facial sketch/photo conditioned on a given photo/sketch. It covers wide applications including digital entertainment and law enforcement. Precisely depicting face photos/sketches remains challenging due to the restrictions on structural realism and textural consistency. While existing methods achieve compelling results, they mostly yield blurred effects and great deformation over various facial components, leading to the unrealistic feeling of synthesized images. To tackle this challenge, in this article, we propose using facial composition information to help the synthesis of face sketch/photo. Especially, we propose a novel composition-aided generative adversarial network (CA-GAN) for face photo-sketch synthesis. In CA-GAN, we utilize paired inputs, including a face photo/sketch and the corresponding pixelwise face labels for generating a sketch/photo. Next, to focus training on hard-generated components and delicate facial structures, we propose a compositional reconstruction loss. In addition, we employ a perceptual loss function to encourage the synthesized image and real image to be perceptually similar. Finally, we use stacked CA-GANs (SCA-GANs) to further rectify defects and add compelling details. The experimental results show that our method is capable of generating both visually comfortable and identity-preserving face sketches/photos over a wide range of challenging data. In addition, our method significantly decreases the best previous Frechet inception distance (FID) from 36.2 to 26.2 for sketch synthesis, and from 60.9 to 30.5 for photo synthesis. Besides, we demonstrate that the proposed method is of considerable generalization ability.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence   Computer Science   general   Engineering Economics   Organization   Logistics   Marketing   Control   Robotics   Mechatronics   Performing Arts   Methodology of the Social Sciences  

关键词： Artificial Intelligence   Computer Science   general   Engineering Economics   Organization   Logistics   Marketing   Control   Robotics   Mechatronics   Performing Arts   Methodology of the Social Sciences  

关键词： Combinatorics   Convex and Discrete Geometry   Order   Lattices   Ordered Algebraic Structures   Computer Science   general   Group Theory and Generalizations  

摘要： We find an upper bound on the reflection or absolute length of Coxeter group elements as a function of the number of generators and the standard length. For any universal Coxeter group, we show that there are elements which achieve the bound for any given standard length.

ISBN: (纸本)9787115572820

关键词： Blockchain   Insurance   Games   Contracts   Consensus protocol   Computer science   Bitcoin   Blockchain   sharding   cyber insurance   discouragement attack   Stackelberg game   contract theory  

摘要： Sharding is a promising solution to achieving scalability within the blockchain network. A sharded blockchain network consists of a beacon chain and several committees powered by the participants (i.e., validators) through the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus protocol. Efficient and scalable as it can be, the sharded blockchain based on PoS is vulnerable to discouragement attack. A discouragement attack occurs when malicious validators censor messages to discourage validators from participating in the network. Furthermore, no rate-limiting validator rotation (enter/exit quickly) makes it more challenging to detect such an attack. In this paper, considering the undetermined rotation and the discouragement attack, we render the beacon chain an intermediary, allowing the beacon chain to interact with validators and the cyber-insurer, aiming to encourage the validators' stable rotation through insurance compensation. Specifically, we utilize a two-stage hierarchical game-based model to formulate the complicated interactions under the cyber insurance framework. In the first stage, the beacon chain develops compensatory strategies according to the insurer's profile. In the second stage, the beacon chain designs a series of contracts for validators, including insurance items, compensatory strategies, and rotation requirements. Consequently, the proposed scheme incentivizes validators to remain online by transferring risk to the cyber insurer and enables the sharded blockchain network to weaken the attack's impact through validators' stable rotation. This paper presents closed-form solutions for the proposed model, in which the beacon chain and the cyber insurer can gain maximized profits. The simulations demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed model.

关键词： Active Shooters   Criminological theory   Diversity training   Gun-control   Historical homicide rates   Human-analytics   Trauma Informed practices   Me Too   ANTIFA   Black Lives Matter   Cancel Culture  

摘要： This paper develops and applies a comprehensive theoretical synthesis to help explain the inverse relationship between General Homicide and Active Shooter rates over the past two decades. Organizing various micro, meso and macro criminological perspectives under the banner of the three Routine Activities Theory categories Motivation, Means and Opportunity, helps explain why over the past two decades the General Homicide rate has been decreasing, while Active Shootings have been rising. Possibly inadvertently contributing to this trend is the emergent synthesis of the "Me Too", ANTIFA and Black Lives Matter movements under the general political correctness ethos "Cancel Culture". Drawing upon the theoretical conclusions, we offer suggestions for how communities and organizations like schools and workplaces can mitigate risk through a tri-part approach that simultaneously addresses the Motivation, Means and Opportunity that enable Active Shooters.