教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Ageing   Computer science   Engineering   Society   Technology  

摘要： Robotics technology is improving, but its routine use in the home, hospital and care settings could be a long way off.

关键词： computer science education   engineering education   physical computing   single-board computers   systematic literature review  

摘要： In the last decade, single-board computers (SBCs) have been employed more frequently in engineering and computer science (CS) at both technical and educational levels. These devices are of importance to educators and students due to several factors such as the versatility, the low cost, and the possibility to enhance the learning process through technology. However, the implications, possibilities, and constraints of these devices in engineering and CS education have not been explored in detail. In this systematic literature review, we explore how the SBCs are employed in engineering and CS and what educational results are derived from their usage in the period 2010-2020 at tertiary education level. For this, 154 studies were selected out of n = 605 collected from the academic databases Ei Compendex, Inspec, and ERIC. The analysis was carried out in two phases, identifying, for example, areas of application, learning outcomes, and students' and researchers' perceptions. The results of the review mainly indicate the following aspects: (1) The areas of laboratories and e-learning, computing education, robotics, Internet of Things, and persons with disabilities gather the studies in the review. (2) Researchers highlight the importance of the SBCs to transform the curricula in engineering and CS for the students to learn complex topics through experimentation in hands-on activities. (3) The typical cognitive learning outcomes reported by the authors are the improvement of the students' grades and the technical skills regarding the topics in the courses. Concerning the affective learning outcomes, the increase of interest, motivation, and engagement is commonly reported by the authors.

关键词： 计算机科学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787115582638

摘要： 计算机科学的全景式展现。首屈一指的导论性教材。经典传承，新知荟萃。被哈佛大学、加州大学等多所大学采用为教材。本书多年来一直深受世界各国高校师生的欢迎，是哈佛大学、麻省理工学院、普林斯顿大学、加州大学伯克利分校等著名大学对应课程的首选教材，对我国的高校相关教学也产生了广泛的影响。本书以历史的眼光，从发展的角度、当前的技术水平以及现阶段的研究方向等几个方面，全景式描述了计算机科学各个子学科的主要研究领域。在内容编排上，本书用算法、数据抽象等核心思想贯穿各个主题，合理地兼顾了学科广度和主题深度，并且充分体现了各个主题的历史背景、发展历程和新的技术趋势，培养读者的大局观，为今后深入学习其他计算机专业课程打下坚实的基础。◎编辑推荐本书深入浅出，图文并茂，内容由具体到抽象逐步推进。各章自然连贯又各自独立，可根据教学需要调整学习顺序。此外，本书习题丰富，并且每一章后都附有与本章内容相关的社会问题供读者思考和讨论，这些都很好地体现了作者强调培养学生分析问题能力的教学理念。第 13 版的主要特点是补充了 Python 语言的相关内容，比先前版本更注重编程。此外，几乎每一章都能看到对前一版对应章节的修订、更新和扩展。本书非常适合作为高等院校计算机及相关专业本科生教材，也适合有意在计算机方面发展的非计算机专业读者作为入门参考书。◎内容简介：本书是计算机科学概论课程的经典教材，全书对计算机科学做了百科全书式的精彩阐述，充分展现了计算机科学的历史背景、发展历程和新的技术趋势。书中首先介绍信息编码及计算机体系结构的基本原理，进而介绍操作系统和组网以及因特网的相关内容，接着探讨算法、程序设计语言及软件工程，然后讨论数据抽象和数据库方面的问题，讲述图形学的主要应用以及人工智能，最后以计算理论的介绍结束全书。本书在内容编排上由具体到抽象逐步推进，便于教学安排，每一个主题自然而然地引导出下一个主题。此外，书中还包含大量的图、表和示例，有助于读者对知识的了解与把握。第13版对前一版进行了全面的修正和更新，还新增了Python相关的内容，并且继续使用第12版引入的Python代码示例和类Python伪代码。本书非常适合作为高等院校计算机以及相关专业本科生教材，也适合有意在计算机方面发展的非计算机专业读者作为入门参考书。

关键词： Analysis of variance   Bioinformatics   Sequential analysis   RNA   Computer science   Tools   Matrix decomposition   Non-negative matrix factorization   variance analysis   single-cell RNA sequencing data   clustering   gene marker  

摘要： The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has made it possible to measure gene expression levels at the resolution of a single cell, which further reveals the complex growth processes of cells such as mutation and differentiation. Recognizing cell heterogeneity is one of the most critical tasks in scRNA-seq research. To solve it, we propose a non-negative matrix factorization framework based on multi-subspace cell similarity learning for unsupervised scRNA-seq data analysis (MscNMF). MscNMF includes three parts: data decomposition, similarity learning, and similarity fusion. The three work together to complete the data similarity learning task. MscNMF can learn the gene features and cell features of different subspaces, and the correlation and heterogeneity between cells will be more prominent in multi-subspaces. The redundant information and noise in each low-dimensional feature space are eliminated, and its gene weight information can be further analyzed to calculate the optimal number of subpopulations. The final cell similarity learning will be more satisfactory due to the fusion of cell similarity information in different subspaces. The advantage of MscNMF is that it can calculate the number of cell types and the rank of Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) reasonably. Experiments on eight real scRNA-seq datasets show that MscNMF can effectively perform clustering tasks and extract useful genetic markers. To verify its clustering performance, the framework is compared with other latest clustering algorithms and satisfactory results are obtained. The code of MscNMF is free available for academic (https://***/wangchuanyuan1/project-MscNMF).

摘要： Purpose: The purpose of this article is to consider how, alongside engineering advancements, noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI) for augmentative and alternative communication (MC;BCI-AAC) developments can leverage implementation science to increase the clinical impact of this technology. We offer the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a structure to help guide future BCI-AAC research. Specifically, we discuss CFIR primary domains that include intervention characteristics, the outer and inner settings, the individuals involved in the intervention, and the process of implementation, alongside pertinent subdomains including adaptability, cost, patient needs and recourses, implementation climate, other personal attributes, and the process of engaging. The authors support their view with current citations from both the AAC and BCI-AAC fields. Conclusions: The article aimed to provide thoughtful considerations for how future research may leverage the CFIR to support meaningful BCI-AAC translation for those with severe physical impairments. We believe that, although significant barriers to BCI-AAC development still exist, incorporating implementation research may be timely for the field of BCI-AAC and help account for diversity in end users, navigate implementation obstacles, and support a smooth and efficient translation of BCI-AAC technology. Moreover, the sooner clinicians, individuals who use AAC, their support networks, and engineers collectively improve BCI-AAC outcomes and the efficiency of translation, the sooner BCI-AAC may become an everyday tool in the MC arsenal.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things   Servers   Cloud computing   Privacy   Encryption   Real-time systems   Computer science   Approximate shortest distance query   encrypted graph   Industrial IoT (IIoT)   search pattern privacy  

摘要： In recent years, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has gradually attracted the attention of the industry owing to its accurate time synchronization, communication accuracy, and high adaptability. As an important data structure, graphs are widely used in IIoT applications, where entities and their relationships can be expressed in the form of graphs. With the widespread adoption of IIoT and cloud computing, an increasing number of individuals or organizations are outsourcing their IIoT graph data to cloud servers to enjoy the unlimited storage space and fast computing service. To protect the privacy of graph data, graphs are usually encrypted before being outsourced. In this article, we propose a search pattern privacy system for approximate shortest distance query of encrypted graphs in IIoT. To realize search pattern privacy, we adopt two noncolluded cloud servers to accomplish different tasks. We leverage the first server to store the encrypted data and perform query operations, and use the second one to rerandomize the contents and shuffle the locations of the queried records. Before queries, we generate the trapdoors by using different random numbers. After queries, we ask the second server to rerandomize the contents of the records that the first server touched. In addition, we shuffle the physical locations of original records by inserting some fake records. In this way, all contents and physical locations of the touched records change, so that the first server cannot distinguish whether two queries are the same or not. To enhance the efficiency on the user side, we further improve this system by moving some heavy workloads from the user to the cloud. The security analysis and the performance evaluation show that our work is secure and efficient.

关键词： Friction   Aircraft   Microprocessors   Scale models   Vortices   Aerodynamics   Design   Algorithms   Viscoelasticity   Reynolds number   Geometry   Aerospace engineering   Computer science   Engineering   Fluid mechanics   Mathematics   Mechanics   Physics  

摘要： In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein numerischer Strömungskanal mit der Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode entwickelt und zur Untersuchung verschiedener stark gepfeilter Flügelgeometrien bei hohen Anstellwinkeln genutzt. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wird die Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode zusammen mit anderen numerischen Methoden diskutiert und im Hinblick auf derzeitige Trends bei der Entwicklung von Mikroprozessoren eingeschätzt. Es wird betont, dass numerische Techniken wie die Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode, welche auf einfachen parallelisierbaren Operation im Raum zurückgreifen, von den derzeitigen Entwicklung von Mikroprozessoren profitieren werden. Anschließend wird der Aufbau des numerischen Experiments mit der Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode beschrieben. Ein besonderer Fokus dabei liegt auf den numerischen Details welche die maximale Reynoldszahl beeinflussen, die simuliert werden kann. Drei exemplarische Studien werden mit dem entwickelten Aufbau durchgeführt: Als erstes wird ein endlicher ungepfeilter Flügel bei verschiedenen Anstellwinkeln untersucht. Danach wird der Einfluss von Pfeilung auf einen Flügel mit geringem Seitenverhältnis bei hohen Anstellwinkeln untersucht. In einer dritten Studie wird eine hochaufgelöste Simulation an einer exemplarischen Flying V Geometrie durchgeführt um einen ersten Eindruck des Strömungsfeldes hinter der Konfiguration bei hohen Anstellwinkeln zu erlangen. Dieser Studie wird bei einer Reynoldszahl von Re = 4.6 ∙ 103 und einem Anstellwinkel von α = 30° durchgeführt. Resultate dabei sind unter anderem die Beobachtung von Instabilitäten in der Grenzschicht welche an der runden stark gepfeilten Vorderkante der Geometrie entstehen und sich nach innen hin zur Hinterkante des Flügels weiterbewegen, die Entdeckung von zwei charakteristischen freien Scherschichten auf der Oberseite des Flügels, die Beobachtung starker Interaktionen der Grundströmung und der zwei Scherschichten nahe der Flügelhinterkante, und die Entdeckung charakteristischer kohärenter Strukturen im

关键词： augmented reality   physics lessons   computer science   education  

摘要： Augmented reality (AR) practices and technologies have the potential to redefine aspects of education, including laboratory work. AR tools provide an easy and cost-effective solution for helping students overcome the constraints imposed by online education. However, research into the utility of AR applications in 8th grade Physics lessons is limited and non-existent in a Kazakhstani context. Furthermore, most experiments use static or 2D images that repeat the same information without laying over additional information. The article demonstrates the use of an AR application in Physics lessons at the Lyceum School No. 85 in Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan. The AR application includes an interactive 3D model of circuits and circuit components that can be viewed, manipulated, and explored. The AR application helps students learn about circuits through tactile interaction with the circuit components without having to rely on expensive, time-consuming, and dangerous experiments and equipment. The results show that the use of interactive 3D models improves student learning outcomes in Physics and positively impacts student attitudes towards the adoption of AR technology in classrooms. The findings reflect strong improvements in retention and understanding of physics concepts over traditional instruction methods. The experiment is not intended as a prescription for augmentation but shows that AR tools can be an efficient alternative to the risk-prone, costly laboratory environment and that such tools can be employed to enhance learning in natural science disciplines.

关键词： Energy   Design   Analytical chemistry   Chemistry   Computer science   Condensed matter physics   Electrical engineering   Engineering   Materials science   Optics   Physics   Quantum physics   Web Studies  

摘要： Phase-locked loop (PLLs) has been widely used in analog or mixed-signal integrated circuits. Since there is an increasing market for low noise and high speed devices, PLLs are being employed in communications. In this dissertation, we investigated phase noise, tuning range, jitter, and power performances in different architectures of PLL designs. More energy efficient devices such as memristor, graphene, transition metal di-chalcogenide (TMDC) materials and their respective transistors are introduced in the design phase-locked loop. Subsequently, we modeled phase noise of a CMOS phase-locked loop from the superposition of noises from its building blocks which comprises of a voltage-controlled oscillator, loop filter, frequency divider, phase-frequency detector, and the auxiliary input reference clock. Similarly, a linear time-invariant model that has additive noise sources in frequency domain is used to analyze the phase noise. The modeled phase noise results are further compared with the corresponding phase-locked loop designs in different n-well CMOS processes. With the scaling of CMOS technology and the increase of the electrical field, the problem of short channel effects (SCE) has become dominant, which causes decay in subthreshold slope (SS) and positive and negative shifts in the threshold voltages of nMOS and pMOS transistors, respectively. Various devices are proposed to continue extending Moore's law and the roadmap in semiconductor industry. We employed tunnel field effect transistor owing to its better performance in terms of SS, leakage current, power consumption etc. Applying an appropriate bias voltage to the gate-source region of TFET causes the valence band to align with the conduction band and injecting the charge carriers. Similarly, under reverse bias, the two bands are misaligned and there is no injection of carriers. We implemented graphene TFET and MoS2 in PLL design and the results show improvements in phase noise, jitter, tuning range, and f