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关键词： Abstracts   Computer Science   Conference   Noun Phrase Complexity  

摘要： Noun phrase (NP) complexity research has shown the effects of both discipline and writing competence on NP complexity in academic writing and has focused more on applied linguistics. Yet few studies examined NPs in the academic writing of computer science (CS), especially in the CS conference abstract writing, in depth. This study fills this gap by investigating the disciplinary preference of NPs through the corpus analysis of 267 published abstracts from a leading CS conference. The authors found that multiple pre-modifiers were the most frequently used device by CS researchers, and attributive adjectives, nouns, and prepositional phrases were fundamental in abstract composition in both CS and applied linguistics. The difference largely lies in the use of devices in later-acquired stages. CS researchers favor more multiple pre-modifiers while their peers in applied linguistics tend to prefer multiple prepositional phrases as post-modifiers. The findings shed light on classroom instruction and future research on NP complexity.

关键词： Training   Linear programming   Silicon   Manifolds   Optimization   Noise measurement   Computer science   Adaptive graph   graph construction   high-dimensional data   semisupervised classification (SSC)   subspace learning  

摘要： Graph-based methods have achieved impressive performance on semisupervised classification (SSC). Traditional graph-based methods have two main drawbacks. First, the graph is predefined before training a classifier, which does not leverage the interactions between the classifier training and similarity matrix learning. Second, when handling high-dimensional data with noisy or redundant features, the graph constructed in the original input space is actually unsuitable and may lead to poor performance. In this article, we propose an SSC method with novel graph construction (SSC-NGC), in which the similarity matrix is optimized in both label space and an additional subspace to get a better and more robust result than in original data space. Furthermore, to obtain a high-quality subspace, we learn the projection matrix of the additional subspace by preserving the local and global structure of the data. Finally, we intergrade the classifier training, the graph construction, and the subspace learning into a unified framework. With this framework, the classifier parameters, similarity matrix, and projection matrix of subspace are adaptively learned in an iterative scheme to obtain an optimal joint result. We conduct extensive comparative experiments against state-of-the-art methods over multiple real-world data sets. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Bibliometrics   Scientific authorship   Authors order   Scholarly publication  

摘要： The order in which authors of a scientific paper place their names on the byline follows in many research fields some implicit rules. In most fields, the first author is considered to be the one who contributed most to the intellectual effort described in the paper. Additionally, the last author is normally the most senior researcher and in many situations the contribution to the paper is more indirect. In this manuscript, we intend to analyse the evolution of the positions of computer science (CS) researchers on the bylines of scientific papers throughout their careers. In particular, this bibliometic study considers the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Fellows (the most prestigious members) that present a long and rich publication record. Our hypothesis is that young CS authors tend to have their names placed in the first positions of the bylines, while senior CS researchers are often considered as last authors. Several statistical analyses were conducted by using biblometric data collected from ACM Fellows and other CS researchers. Overall, the obtained results do confirm our initial hypothesis.

关键词： Ethnic minority   Stress   Eating behavior   Theory development   Binge eating  

摘要： Background: Leading eating disorder (ED) theories were informed primarily by samples of White females. Therefore, ED theories lack consideration of sociocultural factors that may impact ED symptom development among Black women. The current study proposed the first culturally informed theory for disordered eating among Black women, positing that ethnic discrimination, strong black woman (SBW) ideology (cultural and societal expectations of strength), and culturally informed appearance satisfaction may significantly impact stress. Stress may be associated with coping-motivated eating behaviors, which may lead to maladaptive weight control behaviors. Methods: Black women (N = 208) completed surveys assessing socio-cultural factors, stress, commensal and binge eating, and maladaptive weight control behaviors. Path analysis was used to test the proposed theory. Results: The final model had a good fit for the data. Findings overall supported the hypothesized model. Specifically, higher ethnic discrimination (beta = 0.044, p = .003), greater endorsement of SBW ideology (beta = 0.074, p =< .001), and lower culturally informed appearance satisfaction (beta =-0.032, p = .025) were associated with greater stress. Stress was positively associated with binge eating (beta = 0.457, p = .046), and binge eating was significantly associated with excessive exercise (=0.152, p = .008) and purging (beta = 0.273, p = <.001). In contrast, commensal eating was not associated with stress or weight control behaviors (p values = .697 to .749). Conclusions: The current study found that stress, as influenced by sociocultural factors, may play a role in binge eating, and subsequently, weight control behaviors among Black women. This theory is a starting point for future research on the specialized conceptualization of eating and maladaptive weight control behaviors among Black women.

关键词： Kernel   Quantum computing   Interference   Frequency measurement   Computer science   Quantum mechanics   Entropy   Discrete-time quantum walk (DTQW)   graph classification   graph kernel   R-convolution kernel  

摘要： In this article, a novel R-convolution kernel, named the fast quantum walk kernel (FQWK), is proposed for unattributed graphs. In FQWK, the similarity of the neighborhood-pair substructure between two nodes is measured via the superposition amplitude of quantum walks between those nodes. The quantum interference in this kind of local substructures provides more information on the substructures so that FQWK can capture finer-grained local structural features of graphs. In addition, to efficiently compute the transition amplitudes of multistep discrete-time quantum walks, a fast recursive method is designed. Thus, compared with all the existing kernels based on the quantum walk, FQWK has the highest computation speed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FQWK outperforms state-of-the-art graph kernels in terms of classification accuracy for unattributed graphs. Meanwhile, it can be applied to distinguish a larger family of graphs, including cospectral graphs, regular graphs, and even strong regular graphs, which are not distinguishable by classical walk-based methods.

关键词： Students  

摘要： As they encounter new ideas, students need to make integrated revisions to their science explanations, a key aspect of science learning. This involves filling gaps, resolving inconsistencies with evidence, and strengthening connections among ideas. Rather than making integrated revisions, even after automated, adaptive guidance, students typically add disconnected ideas or fix mechanical errors. The knowledge integration framework, supported by new technologies including natural language processing, guided the design of the Annotator, a tool that models the revision process for students' written explanations. This research investigates the added value of the Annotator compared to automated, adaptive guidance to support students to make integrated revisions to their science explanations and to strengthen knowledge integration. 798 6th and 7th-grade students from 4 schools participated in a study featuring pretests, posttests, embedded student explanations, student interviews and observations. Students using the Annotator who initially displayed unintegrated ideas were more likely to make integrated revisions to their explanations, than students receiving automated, adaptive guidance. These students also made greater knowledge integration revisions on the posttest one week later. Thus, modeling revision with the Annotator strengthened the ability of students who started with unintegrated ideas to explain scientific phenomena.

摘要： Many know about the Black Panther Party’s iconic fashion - the berets that rested on their illustrious Afros or their well-fitted Black attire that created unity on their marches. But few have looked closely at the Black Panthers’ political iconography, which anchored their radical politics to their understanding about land, colonialism, and space.

关键词： depression   stress   sleep   university students   culture  

摘要： The present study investigated how life stressors and sleep disturbances interactively affect depressive symptoms among university students. Based on a hypothesis that sleep disturbance can be a cause of depression, a statistical model is established which expects that life stressors impact depressive symptoms indirectly rather than directly by increasing sleep disturbances, while sleep disturbances directly work to increase depressive symptoms. Three groups of university students, Japanese (N = 784) and Chinese (N=311) students in their native countries and Chinese students living in Japan (N = 82), were tested to reveal whether the model fits to all of them and whether there are cultural differences on life stressors and sleep disturbance. The participants responded to a set of questionnaires measuring the extent of depressive symptoms (BDI-II), sleep disturbance symptoms (insomnia, hypersomnia, and nightmare), and experience of life stressors. Japanese students reported more severe depressive symptoms than both groups of Chinese, but the Chinese have had experienced more life stressors than Japanese. Also, Japanese students reported severe hypersomnia symptoms than both groups of Chinese but the trend was reversed for nightmare. The statistical model of depression fitted well for all participant groups. Although experience of life stressors showed direct impact on depression, its indirect effect via sleep disturbance was stronger than its direct effect. This suggests that addressing sleep disturbance symptoms at earliest opportunity is an effective procedure to prevent onset of depression for university students. Implementing sleep education programs could be especially effective for this population.

关键词： deep learning   quality monitoring   agriculture   active learning  

摘要： A pivotal topic in agriculture and food monitoring is the assessment of the quality and ripeness of agricultural products by using non-destructive testing techniques. Acoustic testing offers a rapid in situ analysis of the state of the agricultural good, obtaining global information of its interior. While deep learning (DL) methods have outperformed state-of-the-art benchmarks in various applications, the reason for lacking adaptation of DL algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be traced back to its high data inefficiency and the absence of annotated data. Active learning is a framework that has been heavily used in machine learning when the labelled instances are scarce or cumbersome to obtain. This is specifically of interest when the DL algorithm is highly uncertain about the label of an instance. By allowing the human-in-the-loop for guidance, a continuous improvement of the DL algorithm based on a sample efficient manner can be obtained. This paper seeks to study the applicability of active learning when grading 'Galia' muskmelons based on its shelf life. We propose k-Determinantal Point Processes (k-DPP), which is a purely diversity-based method that allows to take influence on the exploration within the feature space based on the chosen subset k. While getting coequal results to uncertainty-based approaches when k is large, we simultaneously obtain a better exploration of the data distribution. While the implementation based on eigendecomposition takes up a runtime of O(n(3)), this can further be reduced to O(n & BULL;poly(k)) based on rejection sampling. We suggest the use of diversity-based acquisition when only a few labelled samples are available, allowing for better exploration while counteracting the disadvantage of missing the training objective in uncertainty-based methods following a greedy fashion.

关键词： Task Analysis   Software Development Management   Computer Bugs   Documentation   Open Source Software   Investment   Computer Science   Git Hub   Open Source Software   First Time Contributions  

摘要： Understanding first-time contributions to open source software (OSS) is a vital step in ensuring more first-timers join OSS which, in turn, is vital for the health and popularity of that project.