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关键词： Americas   capital punishment   comparative approach   death penalty  

摘要： The primary purpose of this study was to explore public support for capital punishment in seven Latin and North American countries to determine factors that influence citizens' support for the death penalty. Currently, most of the countries examined in the study do not have death penalty for ordinary crimes, but do have it for cases involving murder, war crimes, genocides, terrorism, and crimes against humanity. Our analysis made several important observations that enhance our understanding of citizens' attitudes toward the death penalty in the Americas. For instance, we found that a significant majority of citizens from the countries under review support the death penalty even though it currently does not exist in practice. With regard to factors, we found that nationality, religiosity, prior experience with victimization, residential stability, quality of life, life satisfaction, age, and gender were among the factors that heavily predict support for the death penalty in this part of the world. The findings of this study have serious implications for research and practice.

关键词： Tobacco   Nicotine   Cancer   Europe   Poland   Adolescents   Youth   Europe's beating   Cancer plan  

摘要： Background: Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue among adolescents worldwide, now exacerbated by the rise of alternative nicotine products like electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco. Monitoring these trends is essential for effective public health response. This study presents the latest data on tobacco and electronic cigarette use, as well as secondhand smoke exposure, among Polish adolescents aged 13-15. Methods: In 2022 we conducted a cross-sectional study within the framework of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which uses a standardized two-stage sampling methodology. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 3573 students aged 13-15 in Poland. The survey assessed current and ever-use of conventional and alternative tobacco products, secondhand smoke exposure, and attitudes toward tobacco. Weighted estimates were used to ensure national representativeness. Results: Among Polish adolescents, 17.1 % reported current use of any tobacco product, with a similar prevalence among boys (17.3 %) and girls (16.9 %). Current electronic cigarette use was notably high at 22.3 %, with higher usage among girls (23.4 %) than boys (21.2 %). Secondhand smoke exposure at home affected 28.8 % of students. Comparison with previous GYTS data indicates declining traditional tobacco use but a rise in alternative product use. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for updated tobacco control policies in Poland that address both traditional and alternative nicotine products. The high prevalence of electronic cigarette use among adolescents is particularly concerning and calls for targeted interventions and public health education aimed at reducing youth access and appeal of these products.

关键词： Black audiences   critical consciousness   cultivation theory   hip-hop culture   self-efficacy  

摘要： Hip-Hop culture's contribution to Black communities' reflection on society and self-efficacy are meaningful. Black audiences' relationship with Hip-Hop culture often provides knowledge regarding social issues, self-reflection, and promotes resilience. However, research on Black adults' consumption of Hip-Hop culture and its relationship to the critical consciousness of the group's socio-political beliefs remains underdeveloped. The current study, drawing from cultivation theory, investigated the relationship between the consumption of Hip-Hop culture, self-efficacy, and critical consciousness by examining data from a cross-sectional sample of Black individuals (N = 243). The results posited that Black audiences' consumption positively relates to increased critical consciousness, and self-efficacy mediated the relationship. Additionally, when we explored the potential impacts of variability in demographics, including gender, age, and education, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between increased consumption of Hip-Hop culture and critical consciousness. The results are discussed in light of Black communities and the mechanisms that may be related to increased awareness of social issues, knowledge of self, and liberation efforts.

关键词： Interdisciplinary research   Computer science   Engineering   Psychology   Psychiatry   Digital well-being   Psychoinformatics   AI well-being  

摘要： Electrical engineering and computer science as well as social/psychological and medical sciences have different traditions in conducting research and publishing it. These disciplines vary in the degree of focus and scrutiny they place on artifacts (e.g. software & models), knowledge, and methods, as well as the researcher's role and stance. In addition, there are differences between disciplines regarding the tools and measurements used and the subject of focus, whether human or machine. In recent years both disciplines are getting interested in studying similar research questions, whereas each party could benefit from interdisciplinary perspectives. This manuscript illustrates one relevant research area: The case of digital well-being intersects digital media design, primarily an engineering concern, with the goal of preserving and improving the well-being of users and society (the latter often being a focus of social, psychological and medical sciences). Logically, the goals of this research endeavor can be at best reached via interdisciplinary efforts, where the computer sciences meet the social/psychological/ medical sciences. This will be also true for the new research area of AI well-being, and we discuss relationships between digital well-being and AI well-being on a theoretical level.

关键词： Containers   Processor scheduling   Image edge detection   Scheduling   Collaboration   Performance evaluation   Servers   Computer science   Bandwidth   Resource management   Container scheduling   hierarchical structure of image   image layer reuse   mobile edge computing  

摘要： In Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) scenarios, computational tasks are popularly deployed using containerization to isolate the runtime environment. To complete the execution of the task, the edge server first pulls the image, then instantiates and runs the container. Since it takes a lot of time for the edge server to download the image from the cloud, image reuse reduces the pulling latency significantly. However, the limited storage capacity of edge servers hinders image reuse. Recent works have enhanced reuse efficiency by leveraging the hierarchical structure of images and caching high-value layers. However, their efficiency remains limited due to the lack of multi-container collaboration. This paper proposes a novel container scheduling strategy based on image layer reuse and sequence arrangement (ILR-SA) for MEC scenarios, which achieves efficient scheduling by collaborating multiple containers. First, containers are greedily deployed into the edge cluster. Then, the execution sequence of containers is modeled as an optimal Hamiltonian path problem, efficiently solved by our proposed decomposition algorithm. Finally, an efficient image layer update strategy is used to achieve layer reuse. We conduct rigorous experiments to demonstrate that our proposed container scheduling strategy reduces the computational task completion time by up to 91.3% compared to existing approaches.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Machine learning   Labor market data analysis   Worker inequities   Occupational exposure   Future of work   Gender differences  

摘要： Introduction: Machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) subfield, is increasingly used by Canadian workplaces. Concerningly, the impact of ML may be inequitable and contribute to social and health inequities in the working population. The aim of this study is to estimate the number of workers in occupations with high, medium, and low ML exposure and describe differences in exposure according to occupational and worker sociodemographic factors. Methods: Canadian occupations were scored according to the extent to which they were made up of job tasks that could be performed by ML. Eight years of data from Canada's Labour Force Survey were pooled and the number of Canadians in occupations with high, medium, or low exposure to ML were estimated. The relationship between hourly wages, educational attainment, and job skill, training and experience requirements, and ML exposure was examined using multinomial models that were stratified by gender. Results: Approximately 5.7 million Canadians are working in occupations characterized by high ML exposure. Women workers and workers with a college or bachelor's degree and in occupations with lower job skills requirements made up a greater proportion of workers in occupations with high ML exposure. Multinomial models indicated gender differences in the relationship between independent variables and ML exposure. Among men, higher educational attainment and hourly wages were associated with high occupational ML exposure. However, among women, higher educational attainment and hourly wages were associated with low occupational ML exposure. Conclusion: ML exposure is segmented according to occupational and worker sociodemographic characteristics and has the potential to widen inequities in the working population. ML may have a gendered effect and disproportionately impact certain groups of women when compared to men. We provide a critical evidence base to inform strategic responses that ensure inclusion in a working world

关键词： Computer Science Publishing  

摘要： There has been some concern about the impact of predatory publishers on scientific research for some time. Recently, publishers previously viewed as ‘predatory’ have established their bona fides, at least to the extent that they are included in impact scores such as the field-weighted citation impact (FWCI). These are sometimes called grey publishers (MDPI, Frontiers, Hindawi). We show that the citation landscape for these grey publications is significantly different from the mainstream landscape and that affording grey publications the same status as mainstream journals may significantly distort metrics such as the FWCI.

摘要： This study explores how undergraduate computer science students critically evaluate, strategically engage with, and ethically reflect on their use of ChatGPT during programming tasks. Drawing on data from 21 students who completed five Java-based activities, maintained weekly reflective journals over four weeks, and participated in semi-structured interviews, the research offers a short-term longitudinal qualitative study perspective on student–AI interaction. Findings reveal that students evolved from passive users to active co-creators, developing increasingly refined prompting strategies and critically assessing AI-generated outputs. While most students viewed ChatGPT as a valuable learning companion, particularly for code structuring, debugging, and explanation, they also identified limitations, such as generic responses, overreliance, and concerns around authorship and data privacy. Students with disabilities highlighted ChatGPT’s accessibility benefits, raising important questions about equitable AI policy in higher education. The study proposes a framework for the pedagogical and institutional integration of GenAI tools that balances personalised support with ethical and critical engagement. Implications are offered for computing educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers seeking to embed AI responsibly in computer science education.

关键词： Quantum computing   Optimization   Computer science   Quantum algorithm   Neural networks   NOMA   Communication networks   Resource management   Quantum circuit   Detectors  

摘要： Quantum technologies hold the potential to revolutionize classical technologies and their emerging applications in communication networks and mobility. This potential is expected to grow alongside the advancement of quantum computation-capable devices. Currently, quantum devices are at the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) level and can support only a few hundred physical qubits. While these devices remain constrained in scale, early fault-tolerant quantum hardware is capable of demonstrating the quantum advantage, the ability to outperform classical counterparts in specific computational tasks. This capability is essential for enhancing coordination of autonomous and distributed systems, such as low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, autonomous driving vehicles, and complex infrastructure required by the hyper-connected 6G communication networks. Especially in artificial intelligence (AI) research domains, parameterized quantum circuits used in quantum algorithms, quantum optimization, and quantum machine learning (QML), can implement various functionalities of classical neural network architectures with significantly fewer parameters and computation resources. This can substantially reduce the latency and memory constraints of current large-scale classical neural network frameworks, including diffusion-based generative computer vision algorithms and large language models. According to the current roadmaps for quantum computer development, the number of qubits is expected to greatly increase, and the beyond-NISQ era is set to emerge approximately by 2026. This highlights the need for early contributions to explore the potential impact of quantum algorithms and QML on emerging communication system design and future applications. Towards unleashing the full potential of quantum algorithms and QML, this special issue focuses on quantum algorithms and QML principles, algorithms, and use cases to seek original contributions to various aspects of QML-based system archit

摘要： In the digital era, technology has enhanced education in many facets. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has increasingly emphasized the significance of information and communication technology integration in learning, such as the implementation of online learning. The objective of this study is to investigate the challenges of online learning, online self-regulation strategies, and the utilization of digital tools to assist students implementing the strategy. The mixed methods are used in which quantitative data were obtained from 173 participants using two questionnaires, while qualitative data were acquired from open-ended questions. Twenty participants were interviewed. There are several findings in this study. First, online learning has the potential to cause students to feel isolated. The reason being that from the beginning of the pandemic, students have been studying online from their homes. Moreover, they are scattered throughout various areas, so they are physically and emotionally disconnected. Second, students are required to improve help-seeking skills, especially the use of search tools, learning videos and group chat applications. Third, by improving students’ online self-regulated skills, the challenges of online learning can be facilitated. The implication of this finding is to encourage the improvement of SRL skills by implementing online collaborative learning, promoting formative assessments, and using learning diaries. Recommendations for all stakeholders and further research agenda are also discussed.