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关键词： Kaupapa Maori   software engineering process   community engagement   participatory design   co-design  

摘要： We describe a collaboration between Maori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand) and Tauiwi (non-Maori) researchers on a software engineering project. Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi) provides the basis for Maori to lead research that involves Maori as participants or intends to impact Maori outcomes. Through collaboration, an extension of the traditional four-step software design process was created, culminating in a nine-step integrated process that included Kaupapa Maori (Maori ideology) principles. The collaboration experience for both Maori and Tauiwi highlighted areas of misunderstanding within the research context based on differing worldviews and our ability to navigate and work through this. This article provides context, guiding principles, and recommended research processes where Maori and Tauiwi aim to collaborate.

关键词： Elementary education   Gender studies   Teaching/learning strategies  

摘要： Many stakeholders have suggested that if girls are not engaged in computer science at an early age, the field of computer science (CS) (and computing-related fields) will continue to lack gender diversity. We need more explorations of how curriculum impacts girls' interest in computer science at the elementary level. The focus of this research project was to examine how an elementary problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum impacted girls' understanding of and interest in CS. By utilizing a curriculum focused on a problem that emphasized social activism, we hypothesized that PBL CS could increase interest in CS for girls. This study used a mixed-method sequential explanatory research design to examine the implementation of a CS PBL curriculum with four 6th grade teachers and their 263 students. We collected student CS knowledge pre-tests and post-tests, student attitude surveys, student focus group interviews, teacher interviews, and researcher observation reflection notes. The knowledge tests were analyzed using a mixed measures ANOVA. The survey responses were analyzed using ANOVAs and effect sizes for each comparison were calculated using partial eta squared. The qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach that required four researchers to come to a consensus. Results suggested that although girls had less understanding of CS at the beginning, by the end of the curriculum, girls and boys performed similarly. However, there were still elements that were not successful. Girls' attitudes towards computer science were significantly lower than the boys at the end of the curriculum. Conceptually, the curriculum needs to specifically address how CS could impact values held by girls.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： Modern computer systems often include specialized processors that are programmed in domain-specific languages. The compiler-in-the-loop technology, which assumes the joint development of the dedicated processor and compiler, gains in popularity. In this case, the conventional tools (such as GCC and LLVM) are insufficient for the rapid development of optimizing compilers that generate the target code for irregular architectures and static parallelism of operations. In this paper, it is proposed to use methods for solving NP-complete problems for the implementation of machine-dependent compilation phases. These phases are based on the reduction to the SMT problem, which makes it possible to get rid of heuristic and approximate approaches that require complicated software implementation. In particular, it is proposed to implement the synthesis of machine-dependent optimization rules, instruction selection, instruction scheduling, and register allocation using an SMT solver. Practical applications of the developed methods and algorithms are illustrated by the example of a compiler for a specialized processor with an instruction set that accelerates the implementation of lightweight cryptography algorithms on the Internet of Things. The results of compilation and simulation of eight cryptographic primitives for three variants of the specialized processor (CISC-like, VLIW-like and a variant with delayed load instruction) show the practical usefulness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： Modern software development faces several challenges related to fast technological changes and shorter delivery cycles. This, is reflected in adopting agile approaches that try to lean as much as possible the software development process, from requirements engineering to system deployment. As part of this leaning effort, requirements prioritization is an important activity, as it is usually not possible to implement all requirements at once. Nevertheless, requirements prioritization is a complex activity where several stakeholder's opinions have to be taken into account hierarchically. There are many techniques to prioritize requirements, being the most accurate and complex the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is very reliable when prioritizing requirements in the most accurate way due to its mathematical founding, however, this method involves matrix and vectors operations as well as a defined number of pairwise comparisons, which makes it a CPU-intensive method. This paper presents an improved AHP using evolutionary computing techniques to try to optimize requirements prioritization. The proposed approach reduces the complexity of the overall AHP process, and shows to outperform traditional AHP in terms of prioritization accuracy, according to some industry-level requirements data sets extracted from developed software systems.

关键词： Justice-centered computing   counter-hegemonic   music   video games   making  

摘要： Students' lives, both in and out of school, are full of different forms of value. Wealthy students enjoy value in the form of financial capital;their fit to hegemonic social practices;excellent health care and so on. Low-income students, especially those from African American, Native American, and Latinx communities, often lack access to those resources. But there are other forms of value that low-income students do possess. Most examples of what we will call Counter-Hegemonic Practice (CHP) in the African American community involve some mixture of Indigenous African heritage, contemporary innovation in the Black community, and other influences. Moving between these value forms and the computing classroom is a non-trivial task, especially if we are to avoid merely using the appearance of culture to attract students. Our objective in this paper is to provide a framework for deeper investigations into the computational potentials for CHP;its potential as a link between education and community development;and a more dignified role for its utilization in the CS classroom. We report on a series of collaborative engagements with CHP, largely focused on African American communities.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： There are different types of automotive safety systems focused on crash events. These types could be classified as pre-collision, during-collision, and post-collision systems. Pre-collision systems involve, among others: ABS brake systems, stability control systems. During-collision systems: Airbag systems, seat belt tensioner systems. Its function prevents an impact or minimizes physical occupants' harm, respectively. The post-collision systems target is focusing on decreasing the period of time between a crash event and assistance's arrival in order to provide timely assistance. However, while pre-collision systems and during-collision systems are currently in use, post-collision systems have not been thoroughly researched and provide a wide opportunity for the R&D area. In this sense, this paper describes a proposal about how a post-collision system should work and how it could be tested. This paper will firstly show the post-collision control system's FR and NFR and secondly the requirements' verification applying a verification language.

关键词： Computational thinking   Academic performance   Computer science   School curricula  

摘要： Teaching computational thinking (CT) has become a priority for educators and policymakers tasked with educating and training students for future jobs which are predicted to be increasingly automated. Recent research on effective instructional interventions for developing computational thinking skills, including algorithmic and critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and cooperativity, suggests that teaching and learning CT can improve student academic performance. In fact, the extant literature is quite sanguine about the topic of CT. However, few studies have attempted to establish a relationship between CT skills and academic performance. In the present cross-sectional study, we employ path analysis to model the structural relationship between selfreported CT skills and academic performance of a sample of 81 computer science undergraduates enrolled at a Southwestern American university. We found few direct relationships between CT skills and academic performance. We only find a significant positive relationship between creativity and academic performance and a significant negative relationship between cooperativity and academic performance. Our findings are surprising considering the abundant research promoting computational thinking as a key component of 21st century skills. The findings call for further in-depth analysis of computational thinking and the influence on students' learning and learning outcomes. We discuss our results with respect to recent educational mandates for including CT and instructional alignment in school curricula. Our findings contribute to the existing discussion by helping to clarify the relationship between CT skills and academic performance in higher education.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： Nowadays, the development of scalable scientific and applied applications is one of the key challenges for modern distributed environments that include heterogeneous computing resources. Clusters of personal computers, high-performance systems of public access supercomputer centers, or cloud platforms often represent these resources. Usually, cluster nodes of different types differ significantly in their computational characteristics (the number of nodes and cores, RAM and disk memory, interconnect, system software, administrative policies, job scheduling principles, and many other parameters). Therefore, planning computations in distributed applied software packages is an important problem. To this end, we propose new models and algorithms for computation planning in software packages. Their distinctive feature is the analysis of the execution time of package modules in the environment nodes. We obtain such time evaluations in the process of their continuous integration, delivery, and deployment. The proposed models and algorithms allow us to create redundant problem-solving schemes. In practice, the problem-solving scheme redundancy enables us to adapt it to the changing characteristics of environment resources and improve the computation reliability. Construction of problem-solving schemes is shown in model examples.

关键词： Improving classroom teaching   Pedagogical issues   Secondary education   Teaching   learning strategies  

摘要： A new school subject, Leaving Certificate Computer Science, was introduced in September 2018 into Irish schools in a period of curriculum reform and change. Drawing on concepts of teacher agency and learner agency, and viewed through a figurational sociology lens, this paper explored the realities of teaching LCCS and the role teacher agency and learner agency played in such enactment. Through a case study design, four teachers were interviewed in a focus group semistructured manner. To delve deeper into the pedagogical approaches used in LCCS, a further one teacher and their nine students were interviewed. The findings highlight an influential relationship (positive and negative, encouraging and discouraging) between teachers' agentic decisions in their process of achieving teacher agency and the students process of achieving learner agency. The paper offers a figurational viewpoint of the relationship between teacher agency and learner agency through a constructed Figure. We explicitly argue that the responsibility should not be placed on the teacher and student in achieving agency (as a product) but it is a combination of the teacher and the students and the other interdependent relationships within their figurations, alongside contextual factors, and educational social processes, which determine the fluctuation of the process of achieving teacher and learner agency. The paper provides considerations for computer science teacher education.

关键词： Computer Science   general   Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems   Operating Systems   Software Engineering   Artificial Intelligence  

摘要： An acceptable level of quality in data is nowadays one of the main objectives for any kind of organization that wishes its business processes to prosper. Thus, introducing mechanisms or artefacts focused on the data quality management is a crucial requirement for the analysts if the level of quality of data for the functionality at hand is to be ensured. Considering the benefits offered through the use of web applications, and knowing that a high percentage of companies worldwide use this type of applications. The main objective of this work is to provide the developers with a methodology necessary to specify data quality requirements, in order to prevent data quality issues.