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关键词： Surveys   Gender identity   Personality   Computer engineering   Survey research   Computer and information sciences   Heterosexuals   Engineering and technology  

摘要： Queer identities are often ignored in diversity initiatives, yet there is a growing body of research that describes notable heterosexist and gender-normative expectations in STEM that lead to unsupportive and discriminatory environments and to the lower persistence of queer individuals. Research on the experiences of queer-spectrum individuals is limited by current demographic practices. In surveys that are queer-inclusive there is no consensus on best practices, and individuals with queer genders and queer sexual, romantic, and related orientations are often lumped together in a general category (e.g. LGBTQ+). We developed two queer-inclusive demographics questions and administered them as part of a larger study in undergraduate engineering and computer science classes (n = 3698), to determine which of three survey types for gender (conventional, queered, open-ended) provided the most robust data and compared responses to national data to determine if students with queer genders and/or queer sexual, romantic, and related orientations were underrepresented in engineering and computer science programs. The gender survey with queer-identity options provided the most robust data, as measured by higher response rates and relatively high rates of disclosing queer identities. The conventional survey (male, female, other) had significantly fewer students disclose queer identities, and the open-ended survey had a significantly higher non-response rate. Allowing for multiple responses on the survey was important: 78% of those with queer gender identities and 9% of those with queer sexual, romantic and related orientations selected multiple identities within the same survey question. Queer students in our study were underrepresented relative to national data. Students who disclosed queer gender identities were 7/100ths of the expected number, and those with queer orientations were under-represented by one-quarter. Further work developing a research-based queered demographics

关键词： Computer science   History   Machine learning  

摘要： The new neural network can help reconstruct missing parts of ancient inscriptions.

关键词： late-life depression   neuropsychiatric symptoms   agitation   odor identification   cognition   Alzheimer's disease  

摘要： BackgroundLate-life depression (LLD) is a risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults, and odor identification (OI) deficits are an early indicator of cognitive decline with LLD. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in LLD and are associated with OI deficits. In subjects with LLD, when OI deficits forecast cognitive decline, whether and how NPS affects the relationship between OI and cognition still must be further explored. ObjectiveTo comprehensively explore the potential effects of various NPSs on the relationship between OI and cognition in participants with LLD. MethodsThere were 167 patients with LLD and 105 normal elderly (NE) participants. The odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks), cognitive function assessments (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language, visual space), and an NPS assessment (the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire) were performed on the subjects. In patients with LLD, the relationship among OI, cognition and NPSs was examined using correlation analysis and moderation analysis. ResultsIn patients with LLD, OI was positively correlated with cognition (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language) and negatively associated with NPSs (agitation and aberrant motor behavior). In NE group, OI was correlated with executive function. Moderation analysis showed that there was an interactive effect of agitation and cognitive impairment (language deficit or attention deficit) on OI in patients with LLD. ConclusionThe coexistence of agitation and language or attention deficit was associated with worse OI in subjects with LLD. Agitation should be considered since OI predicts cognitive decline in patients with LLD.

关键词： error-monitoring   fMRI   insula   connectivity   computer science  

摘要： The neural correlates of software programming skills have been the target of an increasing number of studies in the past few years. Those studies focused on error-monitoring during software code inspection. Others have studied task-related cognitive load as measured by distinct neurophysiological measures. Most studies addressed only syntax errors (shallow level of code monitoring). However, a recent functional MRI (fMRI) study suggested a pivotal role of the insula during error-monitoring when challenging deep-level analysis of code inspection was required. This raised the hypothesis that the insula is causally involved in deep error-monitoring. To confirm this hypothesis, we carried out a new fMRI study where participants performed a deep source-code comprehension task that included error-monitoring to detect bugs in the code. The generality of our paradigm was enhanced by comparison with a variety of tasks related to text reading and bugless source-code understanding. Healthy adult programmers (N = 21) participated in this 3T fMRI experiment. The activation maps evoked by error-related events confirmed significant activations in the insula [p(Bonferroni) < 0.05]. Importantly, a posterior-to-anterior causality shift was observed concerning the role of the insula: in the absence of error, causal directions were mainly bottom-up, whereas, in their presence, the strong causal top-down effects from frontal regions, in particular, the anterior cingulate cortex was observed.

关键词： Computational biology and bioinformatics   Computer science   Software  

摘要： ‘Executable manuscripts’ insert results directly into documents, eliminating common mistakes.

关键词： 西电现象   拔尖计划2.0   人才培养  

摘要： 西安电子科技大学作为中国电子信息教育的一面旗帜,开创了我国IT学科的先河,在国家国防建设的多个领域占据了制高点,并在多年的办学历程中形成了人才培养的“西电现象”,即“五多”(院士校友多、将军校友多、创业英雄多、航天总师多、所长总工多)。计算机拔尖基地入选2020年度“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0”(简称“拔尖计划2.0”),学校以此为新的契机,深化人才培养改革,以家国情怀为魂,以基础知识和专业能力为基,通过全程红色教育,全程科研训练,全员海外学习,科教深度融合,实施贯通培养,构建联动闭环反馈机制,完善人才培养模式,提高人才培养质量。通过发挥“拔尖计划2.0”的引领和示范作用,推进计算机学科的教学改革,建立拔尖人才培养的有效机制,形成具有世界水平、西电特色的人才培养体系,续写新时代人才培养“西电现象”的新篇章。

关键词： Visualization   Task analysis   Virtual environments   Keyboards   Tools   Input devices   Computer science   Virtual reality   notifications   attention   near space   virtual representations   input devices  

摘要： Human sensory processing is sensitive to the proximity of stimuli to the body. It is therefore plausible that these perceptual mechanisms also modulate the detectability of content in VR, depending on its location. We evaluate this in a user study and further explore the impact of the user's representation during interaction. We also analyze how embodiment and motor performance are influenced by these factors. In a dual-task paradigm, participants executed a motor task, either through virtual hands, virtual controllers, or a keyboard. Simultaneously, they detected visual stimuli appearing in different locations. We found that, while actively performing a motor task in the virtual environment, performance in detecting additional visual stimuli is higher when presented near the user's body. This effect is independent of how the user is represented and only occurs when the user is also engaged in a secondary task. We further found improved motor performance and increased embodiment when interacting through virtual tools and hands in VR, compared to interacting with a keyboard. This article contributes to better understanding the detectability of visual content in VR, depending on its location in the virtual environment, as well as the impact of different user representations on information processing, embodiment, and motor performance.

关键词： 计算机   科学技术   现实意义  

摘要： 现如今,随着科学化和信息网络技术的不断进步发展,以应用计算机软件为主的“互联网+”,逐渐渗透到现代人们的实际生活和日常工作当中。高等院校计算机科学与技术专业的实践教学,深度结合众多专业领域和各个行业,一直发挥着积极的推动作用,能够有效帮助各行业、各领域实现现代化和智能化,提升社会经济效益,变革人们生产、生活方式。文章主要探讨社会发展计算机基础科学与相关技术的重大现实意义,进而更加深刻地了解和学习掌握,计算机基础科学与相关技术的内涵,更好地运用计算机基础科学与相关技术,在未来服务人类、服务经济,为社会发展创造更多的经济效益。

关键词： 初中   计算机科学与技术   现代化运用  

摘要： 今后,学生最终都要进入社会,无论从事什么工作都会或多或少地应用计算机技术,所以掌握一定的计算机操作技能对学生来说十分有必要。通过计算机科学与技术这门课程,能够帮助学生更好地掌握计算机基本操作技能,还能让学生进行更为深入的知识学习。初中阶段是学生学习计算机的基础性阶段,教师需要调整教学方法帮助学生夯实基础。本文主要介绍初中计算机科学与技术的现代化运用策略。