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关键词： Computer science   Information technology   Machine learning  

摘要： Scientists are finding ways to explain the inner workings of complex machine-learning models.

摘要： The closing of UK schools to most children during the Covid 19 outbreak on an unprecedented scale, not even witnessed during the World War conflicts, caused ripples of panic across the UK. The risk to the future life chances of children and young people caused the nation to respond, from celebrities teaching children online to footballers influencing government policy. The risks associated with inaccessible school proved an unbearable thought to many. Yet the last decade has witnessed thousands of children and young people being unable to access school. These children and young people have special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), despite harrowing media stories about children being socially isolated with their future unknown, the country did not respond. Policy interventions by successive UK governments, since the late 1970’s have continued to be embedded with the intention of inclusion and reaching potential – yet many of the children at the centre remain invisible and forgotten. This research considers how policies, politicians, and educational professionals speak of children as a collective, yet fail to see the generation lost before lockdown.

关键词： Digital libraries  

摘要： Domain-specific named entity recognition (NER) on Computer Science (CS) scholarly articles is an information extraction task that is arguably more challenging for the various annotation aims that can hamper the task and has been less studied than NER in the general domain. Given that significant progress has been made on NER, we anticipate that scholarly domain-specific NER will receive increasing attention in the years to come. Currently, progress on CS NER - the focus of this work - is hampered in part by its recency and the lack of a standardized annotation aim for scientific entities/terms. This work proposes a standardized task by defining a set of seven contribution-centric scholarly entities for CS NER viz., research problem, solution, resource, language, tool, method, and dataset. The main contributions are: (1) combining existing CS NER resources that maintain their annotation focus on the set or subset of contribution-centric scholarly entities we consider;(2) noting the need for big data to train neural NER models, this work additionally supplies thousands of contribution-centric entity annotations from article titles and abstracts, thus releasing a cumulative large novel resource for CS NER;and, (3) training a sequence labeling CS NER model inspired by state-of-the-art neural architectures from the general domain NER task. Throughout the work, several practical considerations are discussed aiming to guide information technology designers of digital libraries. © 2022, CC BY-SA.

关键词： computer science   graph-based knowledge representation   knowledge representation   probabilistic graphical model   probability  

摘要： Graphics, uncertainty, and semantics are three approaches to building models. The combination of the three approaches is a way to develop a stronger modeling method. This article surveys the research efforts toward combining these aspects, which can be divided into two routes: One is to combine graphics and uncertainty as probabilistic graphical models and then incorporate semantics, and the other is to combine graphics and semantics and then incorporate probability to handle uncertainty. The models and methods involved in these efforts are introduced and their expressiveness, pros, and cons are discussed.

关键词： autistic adults   social interaction   reciprocity   real-life diagnostic assessment   engagement   online social cognition  

摘要： Impaired social-emotional reciprocity is a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Deficits in reciprocity can be difficult to assess, particularly in adults with average or above average intelligence. The recently developed Interactive Drawing Test (IDT) measures reciprocity in children and adolescents with and without ASD based on spontaneous non-verbal interactions during the joint creation of a drawing. In this study, we examined if the IDT is able to differentiate between 19 normally intelligent adults with ASD and 18 without ASD. The IDT total reciprocity score, including the number of meaningful contributions to objects initially drawn by the examiner, was lower in the autistic adults compared to those without ASD. By assessing both the quantity and quality of spontaneous reciprocal behavior, the IDT was able to identify subtle differences in reciprocal behavior of adults with and without ASD with average intelligence. Even though a larger sample is required to determine its psychometric properties, the IDT appears a promising tool to enrich the diagnostic process of ASD in *** social-emotional reciprocity is a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The clinical field lacks sensitive tests for assessing impaired reciprocity. The recently developed Interactive Drawing Test (IDT) for reciprocity was tested in autistic and non-autistic adults. During the IDT, an examiner and participant make a joint drawing, taking turns, without specifying what they will draw. We aimed to investigated whether autistic adults showed less reciprocal behavior on the IDT compared to non-autistic participants. Autistic participants were less likely to jointly draw with the examiner, in particular when the examiner initiated a topic. The IDT revealed subtle but characteristic differences in reciprocal behavior related to ASD, suggesting it may be a promising diagnostic tool.

关键词： beauty   girlhood   consumerism   multiculturalism   Race and Ethnicity   citizenship   Blackness   objectification   popular culture   representation   cultural producer  

ISBN: (数字)9780252053269 ISBN: (纸本)9780252044274

摘要： Negotiating the line between “sell out” and “for us, by us,” Buy Black explores how Black women cultural producers’ further Black women’s historical position as the moral compass and arbiter of Black racial progress in the United States. Black women cultural producers’ aesthetic choices communicate that even though capitalist discourses dictate that anything is sellable in our society, there are some symbols of beauty, femininity, and sexuality that sell better than others because of how they occupy the set of already recognizable and, at times, relatable representations of blackness. While they compete in the consumer market for the attention and loyalty of Black consumer dollars, their capitulation to white corporate interests and audiences requires propagating historical tensions regarding Black consumer citizenship and multicultural inclusion. Each chapter contextualizes the role that Black women in the United States play in the global project of Black consumption, questioning which dolls, which princesses, which rags-to-riches narratives, and which characteristics represent the repertoire of Black girlhood. Through themes of self-making and objectification in dolls, princesses, and hip-hop, Buy Black maps the imagined space of “America” and the cultural attitudes that produced a twenty-first-century Black American sensibility based in representation and consumerism. Buy Black teaches all of us the parameters of Black symbolic power by mapping the confluence of intraracial ideals of blackness, womanhood, beauty, play, and sexuality in popular culture.

关键词： Artificial intelligence   Computer science   Signal processing  

摘要： Deep learning models have become increasingly used for image-based classification. In critical applications such as medical imaging, it is important to convey the reasoning behind the models' decisions in human-understandable forms. In this work, we propose Pyramid Localization Network (PYLON), a deep learning model that delivers precise location explanation by increasing the resolution of heatmaps produced by class activation map (CAM). PYLON substantially improves the quality of CAM's heatmaps in both general image and medical image domains and excels at pinpointing the locations of small objects. Most importantly, PYLON does not require expert annotation of the object location but instead can be trained using only image-level label. This capability is especially important for domain where expert annotation is often unavailable or costly to obtain. We also demonstrate an effective transfer learning approach for applying PYLON on small datasets and summarize technical guidelines that would facilitate wider adoption of the technique.

关键词： Arts   Computer science   Materials science  

摘要： A fabric microphone that can pick up human speech, and how AI helped the government of Togo distribute financial aid.

关键词： Transfer students   College persistence   Student success   Student transitions   Degree mobility   Retention and graduation rates  

摘要： Purpose - Postsecondary institutions use metrics such as student retention and college completion rates to measure student success. Multiple factors affect the success of first time in college (FTIC) and transfer students. Transfer student success rates are significantly low, with most transfer students nationwide failing to complete their degrees in four-year institutions. The purpose of this study is to better understand the degree progression patterns of both student types in two undergraduate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs: computer science (CS) and information technology (IT). Recommendations concerning academic advising are discussed to improve transfer student success. Design/methodology/approach - This study describes how transfer student success can be improved by thoroughly analyzing their degree progression patterns. This study uses institutional data from a public university in the United States. Specifically, this study utilizes the data of FTIC and transfer students enrolled in CS and IT programs at the targeted university to understand their degree progression patterns and analyzes the program curricula using network science curricular analytics method to determine what courses in the curriculum require more assistance to retain students. Findings - The major findings of this study are: (1) students' degree mobility patterns within an institution differ significantly between transfer and FTIC students;(2) some similarities exist between the CS and IT programs in terms of transfer students' degree mobility patterns;(3) transfer students' performance in basic and intermediate level core courses contribute to differences in transfer students' mobility patterns. Originality/value - This study introduces the concept of "mobility patterns" and examines student degree mobility patterns of both FTIC and transfer students in a large public university to improve the advising process for transfer students regarding courses and i