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关键词： Computer science students   Occupational fit   STEM gender imbalance   Agentic learners   Communal learners  

摘要： The under-representation of w omen in computer science education courses is well documented, and the social and commercial need to address this is widely recognised. Previous literature offers some explanation for this gender imbalance, but there has been limited qualitative data to provide an in-depth understanding of existing quantitative findings. This study explores the lived experiences of female computer science students and how they experience the male dominated learning environment. Female computer science students from eight universities were interviewed (n = 23) and data were analysed using template analysis. Whilst these women have not been troubled by their sense of fit at university, a combination of stereotypical assumptions of male superiority in this field, and a masculine, agentic learning environment, has left them feeling less technologically capable and less motivated. The findings are discussed in terms of Cheryan et al.'s tripartite model for women's participation in STEM (2017) and we recommend that computer science departments should consider feminist pedagogy to ensure that all learners can be well supported.

关键词： IP networks   Software   Tools   Computational modeling   Hardware   Computer bugs   Computer science   Firmware vulnerabilities   assertion generation   symbolic simulation  

摘要： Symbolic simulation of firmware allows to automatically find execution paths triggering undesired behaviors that could hide vulnerabilities. However, once an unexpected behavior is identified, understanding its origin is an even more challenging task for the verification engineer. While several static and dynamic tools exist for detecting vulnerabilities, the same is not true for identifying their causes. This article is intended to fill in the gap by proposing an automatic framework for catching the source of IP vulnerabilities. Given an unwanted behavior, in the form of a propositional logic assertion, the framework exploits symbolic simulation and a sequence alignment algorithm to generate a set of temporal assertions that represent the minimum sequence of firmware instructions necessary for triggering the related vulnerability. In this way, the designer can effectively identify the cause of the vulnerability and fix it. Experimental results show the efficacy of the methodology in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

摘要： No abstract available.

关键词： Decision making   Correlation   Collaboration   Psychology   Crowdsourcing   Computer science   Bayes methods   Correlated local decisions   group decision-making   heterogeneity   human decision-making   information fusion   portfolio theory  

摘要： While there has been extensive work on modeling of human decision-making both for individuals and groups from a cognitive psychology point of view, research on this topic from a signal processing and information fusion perspective is relatively recent. In this work, we consider a distributed detection problem consisting of a number of human local decision makers and a fusion center (FC). Signal detection theory is exploited to answer why promoting heterogeneity could improve the performance of collaborative human decision-making. We consider the following two scenarios: 1) the local decision makers are independent and the level of heterogeneity is measured in terms of the variability of human expertise and 2) humans make correlated local decisions due to their perceptual and behavioral similarities and heterogeneity is measured by the amount of correlation. In both cases, we show that the detection performance of the FC can be improved with the increase of heterogeneity. In particular, in the second scenario, we develop a portfolio theory-based framework to select participants from correlated human agents so that heterogeneity is enhanced resulting in improved decision-making performance. Simulations are provided for illustration and performance comparison.

关键词： Task analysis   Servers   Scheduling   Resource management   Optimal scheduling   Energy consumption   Computer science   Interval scheduling   bin packing   online algorithms   resource allocation  

摘要： In the interval scheduling problem, jobs have known start and end times (referred to as job intervals) and must be assigned to processing nodes for their whole duration. Although the problem originally stems from the resource allocation demands of resident processes in operating systems, it found a renewed interest in the Cloud context, both in IaaS and SaaS, since reservations for virtual machines and services often have known activation intervals. A common objective of interval scheduling is to minimize busy time of machines which relates (among others) to minimizing the number of machines participating in the computation. As a consequence, bin packing techniques have been applied in the past. In this paper we tackle the online version of the problem, whereby future job arrivals are unknown. We propose novel algorithms that work as a pre-processing step to any bin packing scheme by offering recommendations that are enforced in all packing decisions. Job overlaps are used to characterize pairwise job affinity and subsequently provide threshold based job allocation recommendations. Thresholds are calculated using lower bound theoretical analysis upon two extreme workloads (sparse and dense). Experimental evaluation using real world workloads illustrates the merits of our approach against state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Privacy   Data protection   Public data   Diversity   Critical data governance  

摘要： Encouraging and supporting diversity and inclusion in computer science research communities is a critical issue for many reasons, including the ethical and robust design, delivery and publication of research that addresses real-world situations ranging from the use of digital tools in health to predictive policing to workplace hiring practices, just to name a few. One way to measure diversity is to apply analytical research methods to data sourced from the public domain for use in research. However, attempts to measure diversity using public data may themselves raise legal and ethical questions about the provenance of the data, research methods adopted, and treatment of diversity in the publication of results. This article interrogates the challenges of measuring diversity using public data, examining an illustrative case study framed around an academic research project at an Australian university using a public data set to identify gender representation in computer science communities. Employing a critical data governance perspective, we point to a range of ethical and legal concerns and recommend greater regulatory guardrails to better balance public interests in research and the privacy, data protection and other ethical interests of research subjects.(c) 2022 Rachelle Bosua, Marc Cheong, Karin Clark, Damian Clifford, Simon Coghlan, Chris Culnane, Kobi Leins, Megan Richardson. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

摘要： Anthropomorphic language is constantly deployed in discussions of technology more generally and very specifically in discussions of artificial intelligence. Such language can obscure both what the technology actually does and what the challenges are to using it. Facial Recognition and autonomous vehicles both rely on a form of computer vision-not the same but related forms. This article seeks to deconstruct what is going on in these two technologies to give readers an ability to think critically about them as these are technologies that will have broad social impacts and which are potentially dangerous to health and well-being. They will involve exercise of power by inscrutable algorithmic authority and it is important to think more deeply about them so that we can build a world we want to live in.

关键词： Image edge detection   Privacy   Collaboration   Protocols   Nonhomogeneous media   Computer science   Clustering algorithms   Community detection   privacy protection   social network  

摘要： In real-world applications, each data owner might have only partial information of the complete social networks. They wish to find the community structure within multiple networks but without sharing their data directly. However, the existing works on collaborative community detection rarely consider the edges privacy issue in the networks. In this article, from the view of secure multiparty computation, we present two methods to detect the community structure of the multiple networks without directly exchanging edges' information. These two methods are developed from the fast modularity algorithm (fastModular) and the label propagation algorithm (LPA), and they are called CofastModular and CoLPA, respectively. Both methods can detect the community structure within multiple networks without the need to directly exchange the edges' information. Experiments are conducted on several real-world and synthetic networks. Experimental results show that CofastModular and CoLPA could identify community structure effectively.

关键词： black carrot juice   fermentation   probiotic microorganisms   anthocyanins   sugars   antioxidant activity  

摘要： BACKGROUND The effects of fermentation time (17-48 h) and pH (3.37-4.50) on qualities of fermented beverages (FBs) produced from black carrot juice (BCJ) were monitored during storage at 4 degrees C for 20 weeks. RESULTS Fermentation and adjusting the pH level provided significant increases (up to 22%) in anthocyanin content and the absorbance value at lambda(max) (A(max)). Moreover, the stability of anthocyanins, color density, and A(max) in FBs was somewhat higher than those in BCJ. Lactic acid showed a co-pigmentation effect on cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-sinapic acid and cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-ferulic acid. Sucrose was degraded much faster at pH 4.50 (17 h) and 4.35 (48 h) than at lower pH levels. During storage, pH 4.35 caused a balanced distribution between counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts, and antioxidant activity of all FBs increased. Fermented beverages at 4.35 and 3.90 were found to be more palatable by panelists. CONCLUSION We recommend FB production at pH 4.35 after 48 h fermentation due to the balanced distribution of probiotics, high color enhancement, and consumer preference. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

关键词： Signal processing   Autonomous aerial vehicles   Special issues and sections   Conferences   Computer science   6G mobile communication   5G mobile communication  

摘要： The current development of 5G networks represents a breakthrough in the design of communication networks, for its ability to provide a single platform enabling a wide variety of data services. With these significant enhancements enabled by 5G, it is already possible to envision the needs towards 6G. Providing "connectivity from the sky" is one innovative trend for upcoming 6G communication systems. Satellites, high and low altitude platforms (HAP and LAP), drones, aircrafts, and airships are being considered as candidates for deploying wireless communications complementing terrestrial communications. Combining these network elements, Aerial Access Networks (AANs) have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry, and are recognized as a candidate solution for 6G communications. AANs are heterogeneous networks that are engineered to utilize satellites, HAPs, and LAPs to build network access platforms. Unlike terrestrial wireless networks, AANs are characterized by dynamic, thus frequently changed, network topologies and more vulnerable communication connections. However, AANs are not intended to replace the existing technologies, but instead to work with them in a complementary and integrated fashion. Therefore, AANs are accompanied with the demand for seamless integration of heterogeneous networks, such that the network Quality-of-Service (QoS) can be improved. Therefore, it is essential to develop new communications, signal processing, and optimization approaches to accommodate diverse services and applications with different QoS requirements in various scenarios.