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关键词： Positive experiences about science   Core competency   Achievement  

摘要： The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of learning using computer-based science inquiry program. To this end, the three lessons computer-based science inquiry were developed in domain of material's properties. The developed program was put into K middle school located in Seoul and the effects were verified. For the experimental group, the three lessons computer-based science inquiry related to the separation of mixture were introduced, and for the comparison group, the contents presented in the textbook were introduced as a teacher-centered teaching method. To verify the effects of the program, 2-way ANCOVA was performed on positive experiences about science and science core competency, and 2-way ANOVA was performed on academic achievement. As a result of the study, there were significant differences between the two groups in positive experiernces about science and scientific core competencies and academic achievement (p<.05), and group*gender interaction effect was only significant in academic achievement (p<.05). From the results of this study, we could see the possibility of using a computer-based science inquiry program as a chemistry teaching method that enables sustainable scientific inquiry.

关键词： Internet of Things   Real-time systems   Numerical models   Sensors   Computer science   Time-frequency analysis   Time measurement   Age of Information (AoI)   budget constraint   information update   Internet of Things (IoT)  

摘要： Age of Information (AoI) has become a new performance metric that quantifies the freshness of information in the Internet of Things (IoT). To optimize the AoI, the latest information should be frequently sampled and timely updated by source nodes (SNs), which, however, contradicts with the fact that the resources of both the SNs and destination node are limited. To consider this issue, this article formulates a more general multisource information update problem, taking into account both the budget constraint of destination node and the limited sampling/updating capabilities of the SNs. Besides that, two different sampling models, named sampling-predetermined and sampling-at-will models, have been studied, respectively. Particularly, for the information update problem under the sampling-predetermined model, we prove that it is an NP-hard problem. Then, we propose a greedy algorithm to select the appropriate SNs, and theoretically analyze the bound of the AoI achieved by the proposed algorithm. For the sampling-at-will model, we theoretically derive the minimum AoI that can be achieved under given number of updates, based on which, we design an optimal SNs selection and updating time determination mechanism, to achieve the minimum AoI. Finally, we conduct simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

摘要： Using responses from a large respondent-initiated online survey, we find that the career interests of many current and aspiring computer scientists in the United States diverge from a popular and official depiction of computer scientists' interests used for career and workforce development worldwide. Distinct profiles of career interests emerged from the data. These profiles suggest that many women in the field value social and artistic expression in a way not currently recognized by established depictions of computer scientists' interests. Better capturing the diversity of interests in computer science might help to boost women's, and men's, engagement in this STEM field.

关键词： Software   Computer science   Information technology   Research data  

摘要： Data sharing can save important scientific work from extinction, but only if researchers take care to ensure that resources are easy to find and reuse. Data sharing can save important scientific work from extinction, but only if researchers take care to ensure that resources are easy to find and reuse.

关键词： 计算机   材料科学   课程改革   应用型人才  

摘要： 对计算机在材料科学中的应用课程改革与应用型人才教学实践进行探讨。分析了计算机在材料科学中的应用课程特点,发现了课程教学过程中存在的问题,提出了基于应用型人才培养的教学过程改革措施,总结了解决的问题及具体效果:逐步完善传统教学模式,适当超前化教学,执行严格的课程考核制度,依托群平台形成实时反馈,使用现代化的信息手段不断改革创新并学习新知识,改革考核的方式方法。计算机在材料科学中的应用这门课程通过改革创新打造了计算机科学和材料科学学科深度交叉融合同步发展的新局面,理论与实践相结合的课程属性也使得学生们体会到了学以致用的乐趣和意义。

关键词： Computer architecture   Hardware   Codes   Reduced instruction set computing   Organizations   Software   Integrated circuits   Computer architecture   computer science   Raspberry Pi   remote learning   RISC OS   teaching   UCDebug  

摘要： Understanding the architecture of a processor can be uninteresting and deterring for computer science students, since low-level details of computer architecture are often perceived to lack real-world impact. These courses typically have a strong practical component where students learn the fundamentals of the computer architecture and the handling of input/output operations through the development of simple programs in a low-level assembly programming language. Since these practical sessions require a strong involvement, student attendance and withdrawal rates are poor, lowering academic results and introducing a negative feedback loop that preconditions students to dislike them. This article introduces a new methodology for the practical sessions of Computer Organization and Design courses. This methodology disavows the use of simulators and focuses on actual hardware to promote a feeling of proximity to the execution and outcome of the programs. The proposed setup uses Raspberry Pi devices to encourage students to work autonomously, due to their low cost, capability of running an OS, and rich ecosystem of simple hardware devices. The setup is completed with RISC OS, which combines a simple window-based graphical interface with a low-level management of the hardware without requiring software abstraction layers. The article presents the methodology and the UCDebug tool, developed to help students debug their codes in RISC OS. After the introduction of the new setup at the University of Cantabria, academic results and student satisfaction have improved. The setup has also allowed to sustain a similar organization of the courses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： 黑衣壮   干栏民居题材   水墨文化   文化特色   教育价值  

摘要： 黑衣壮干栏民居题材水墨文化是以黑衣壮干栏民居为所选题材的水墨文化艺术,展示出黑衣壮人的物质观、精神观与价值观,构成一幅民族性与艺术性有机融合的文化艺术形态,是人与自然和谐共生的体现。以黑衣壮干栏民居为题材的水墨文化具有民族性、艺术性、本土性、创新性等特色,其教育价值体现在民族、美术、文化、建筑方面。

关键词： Generators   Predictive models   Electronic mail   Training   Computational modeling   Neurons   Computer science   Convolutional neural networks   image classification   interpretability   discrete masks   reinforcement learning  

摘要： Deep models are commonly treated as black-boxes and lack interpretability. Here, we propose a novel approach to interpret deep image classifiers by generating discrete masks. Our method follows the generative adversarial network formalism. The deep model to be interpreted is the discriminator while we train a generator to explain it. The generator is trained to capture discriminative image regions that should convey the same or similar meaning as the original image from the model's perspective. It produces a probability map from which a discrete mask can be sampled. Then the discriminator is used to measure the quality of the sampled mask and provide feedbacks for updating. Due to the sampling operations, the generator cannot be trained directly by back-propagation. We propose to update it using policy gradient. Furthermore, we propose to incorporate gradients as auxiliary information to reduce the search space and facilitate training. We conduct both quantitative and qualitative experiments on the ILSVRC dataset. Experimental results indicate that our method can provide reasonable explanations for predictions and outperform existing approaches. In addition, our method can pass the model randomization test, indicating that it is reasoning the attribution of network predictions.

关键词： Visualization   Indexes   Human computer interaction   Visual databases   Usability   Computer science   Subgraph query   query autocompletion   database usability  

摘要： Graph query autocompletion (gQAC) generates a small list of ranked query suggestions during the graph query formulation process in a visual environment. The current state-of-the-art of gQAC provides suggestions that are formed by adding subgraph increments to arbitrary places of an existing (partial) user query. However, according to the research results on human-computer interaction (HCI), humans can only interact with a small number of recent software artifacts in hand. Hence, many of such suggestions could be irrelevant. In this paper, we present the GFocus framework that exploits a novel notion of user focus of graph query formulation (or simply focus). Intuitively, the focus is the subgraph that a user is working on. We formulate locality principles inspired by the HCI research to automatically identify and maintain the focus. We propose novel monotone submodular ranking functions for generating popular and comprehensive query suggestions only at the focus. In particular, the query suggestions of GFocus have high result counts (when they are used as queries) and maximally cover the possible suggestions at the focus. We propose efficient algorithms and an index for ranking the suggestions. Our results show that GFocus saves 12-32 percent more mouse clicks and is 35x more efficient than the state-of-the-art competitor.