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关键词： Students  

摘要： As they encounter new ideas, students need to make integrated revisions to their science explanations, a key aspect of science learning. This involves filling gaps, resolving inconsistencies with evidence, and strengthening connections among ideas. Rather than making integrated revisions, even after automated, adaptive guidance, students typically add disconnected ideas or fix mechanical errors. The knowledge integration framework, supported by new technologies including natural language processing, guided the design of the Annotator, a tool that models the revision process for students' written explanations. This research investigates the added value of the Annotator compared to automated, adaptive guidance to support students to make integrated revisions to their science explanations and to strengthen knowledge integration. 798 6th and 7th-grade students from 4 schools participated in a study featuring pretests, posttests, embedded student explanations, student interviews and observations. Students using the Annotator who initially displayed unintegrated ideas were more likely to make integrated revisions to their explanations, than students receiving automated, adaptive guidance. These students also made greater knowledge integration revisions on the posttest one week later. Thus, modeling revision with the Annotator strengthened the ability of students who started with unintegrated ideas to explain scientific phenomena.

摘要： Many know about the Black Panther Party’s iconic fashion - the berets that rested on their illustrious Afros or their well-fitted Black attire that created unity on their marches. But few have looked closely at the Black Panthers’ political iconography, which anchored their radical politics to their understanding about land, colonialism, and space.

关键词： depression   stress   sleep   university students   culture  

摘要： The present study investigated how life stressors and sleep disturbances interactively affect depressive symptoms among university students. Based on a hypothesis that sleep disturbance can be a cause of depression, a statistical model is established which expects that life stressors impact depressive symptoms indirectly rather than directly by increasing sleep disturbances, while sleep disturbances directly work to increase depressive symptoms. Three groups of university students, Japanese (N = 784) and Chinese (N=311) students in their native countries and Chinese students living in Japan (N = 82), were tested to reveal whether the model fits to all of them and whether there are cultural differences on life stressors and sleep disturbance. The participants responded to a set of questionnaires measuring the extent of depressive symptoms (BDI-II), sleep disturbance symptoms (insomnia, hypersomnia, and nightmare), and experience of life stressors. Japanese students reported more severe depressive symptoms than both groups of Chinese, but the Chinese have had experienced more life stressors than Japanese. Also, Japanese students reported severe hypersomnia symptoms than both groups of Chinese but the trend was reversed for nightmare. The statistical model of depression fitted well for all participant groups. Although experience of life stressors showed direct impact on depression, its indirect effect via sleep disturbance was stronger than its direct effect. This suggests that addressing sleep disturbance symptoms at earliest opportunity is an effective procedure to prevent onset of depression for university students. Implementing sleep education programs could be especially effective for this population.

关键词： deep learning   quality monitoring   agriculture   active learning  

摘要： A pivotal topic in agriculture and food monitoring is the assessment of the quality and ripeness of agricultural products by using non-destructive testing techniques. Acoustic testing offers a rapid in situ analysis of the state of the agricultural good, obtaining global information of its interior. While deep learning (DL) methods have outperformed state-of-the-art benchmarks in various applications, the reason for lacking adaptation of DL algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be traced back to its high data inefficiency and the absence of annotated data. Active learning is a framework that has been heavily used in machine learning when the labelled instances are scarce or cumbersome to obtain. This is specifically of interest when the DL algorithm is highly uncertain about the label of an instance. By allowing the human-in-the-loop for guidance, a continuous improvement of the DL algorithm based on a sample efficient manner can be obtained. This paper seeks to study the applicability of active learning when grading 'Galia' muskmelons based on its shelf life. We propose k-Determinantal Point Processes (k-DPP), which is a purely diversity-based method that allows to take influence on the exploration within the feature space based on the chosen subset k. While getting coequal results to uncertainty-based approaches when k is large, we simultaneously obtain a better exploration of the data distribution. While the implementation based on eigendecomposition takes up a runtime of O(n(3)), this can further be reduced to O(n & BULL;poly(k)) based on rejection sampling. We suggest the use of diversity-based acquisition when only a few labelled samples are available, allowing for better exploration while counteracting the disadvantage of missing the training objective in uncertainty-based methods following a greedy fashion.

关键词： computer science   doctoral studies   literature reviews   research methodology   Systematic literature review   Systematic literature reviews  

摘要： Performing a literature review is a critical first step in research to understanding the state-of-the-art and identifying gaps and challenges in the field. A systematic literature review is a method which sets out a series of steps to methodically organize the review. In this paper, we present a guide designed for researchers and in particular early-stage researchers in the computer-science field. The contribution of the article is the following: • Clearly defined strategies to follow for a systematic literature review in computer science research, and • Algorithmic method to tackle a systematic literature review. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Task Analysis   Software Development Management   Computer Bugs   Documentation   Open Source Software   Investment   Computer Science   Git Hub   Open Source Software   First Time Contributions  

摘要： Understanding first-time contributions to open source software (OSS) is a vital step in ensuring more first-timers join OSS which, in turn, is vital for the health and popularity of that project.

关键词： Ageing   Computer science   Engineering   Society   Technology  

摘要： Robotics technology is improving, but its routine use in the home, hospital and care settings could be a long way off.

关键词： computer science education   engineering education   physical computing   single-board computers   systematic literature review  

摘要： In the last decade, single-board computers (SBCs) have been employed more frequently in engineering and computer science (CS) at both technical and educational levels. These devices are of importance to educators and students due to several factors such as the versatility, the low cost, and the possibility to enhance the learning process through technology. However, the implications, possibilities, and constraints of these devices in engineering and CS education have not been explored in detail. In this systematic literature review, we explore how the SBCs are employed in engineering and CS and what educational results are derived from their usage in the period 2010-2020 at tertiary education level. For this, 154 studies were selected out of n = 605 collected from the academic databases Ei Compendex, Inspec, and ERIC. The analysis was carried out in two phases, identifying, for example, areas of application, learning outcomes, and students' and researchers' perceptions. The results of the review mainly indicate the following aspects: (1) The areas of laboratories and e-learning, computing education, robotics, Internet of Things, and persons with disabilities gather the studies in the review. (2) Researchers highlight the importance of the SBCs to transform the curricula in engineering and CS for the students to learn complex topics through experimentation in hands-on activities. (3) The typical cognitive learning outcomes reported by the authors are the improvement of the students' grades and the technical skills regarding the topics in the courses. Concerning the affective learning outcomes, the increase of interest, motivation, and engagement is commonly reported by the authors.

关键词： Analysis of variance   Bioinformatics   Sequential analysis   RNA   Computer science   Tools   Matrix decomposition   Non-negative matrix factorization   variance analysis   single-cell RNA sequencing data   clustering   gene marker  

摘要： The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has made it possible to measure gene expression levels at the resolution of a single cell, which further reveals the complex growth processes of cells such as mutation and differentiation. Recognizing cell heterogeneity is one of the most critical tasks in scRNA-seq research. To solve it, we propose a non-negative matrix factorization framework based on multi-subspace cell similarity learning for unsupervised scRNA-seq data analysis (MscNMF). MscNMF includes three parts: data decomposition, similarity learning, and similarity fusion. The three work together to complete the data similarity learning task. MscNMF can learn the gene features and cell features of different subspaces, and the correlation and heterogeneity between cells will be more prominent in multi-subspaces. The redundant information and noise in each low-dimensional feature space are eliminated, and its gene weight information can be further analyzed to calculate the optimal number of subpopulations. The final cell similarity learning will be more satisfactory due to the fusion of cell similarity information in different subspaces. The advantage of MscNMF is that it can calculate the number of cell types and the rank of Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) reasonably. Experiments on eight real scRNA-seq datasets show that MscNMF can effectively perform clustering tasks and extract useful genetic markers. To verify its clustering performance, the framework is compared with other latest clustering algorithms and satisfactory results are obtained. The code of MscNMF is free available for academic (https://***/wangchuanyuan1/project-MscNMF).

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things   Servers   Cloud computing   Privacy   Encryption   Real-time systems   Computer science   Approximate shortest distance query   encrypted graph   Industrial IoT (IIoT)   search pattern privacy  

摘要： In recent years, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has gradually attracted the attention of the industry owing to its accurate time synchronization, communication accuracy, and high adaptability. As an important data structure, graphs are widely used in IIoT applications, where entities and their relationships can be expressed in the form of graphs. With the widespread adoption of IIoT and cloud computing, an increasing number of individuals or organizations are outsourcing their IIoT graph data to cloud servers to enjoy the unlimited storage space and fast computing service. To protect the privacy of graph data, graphs are usually encrypted before being outsourced. In this article, we propose a search pattern privacy system for approximate shortest distance query of encrypted graphs in IIoT. To realize search pattern privacy, we adopt two noncolluded cloud servers to accomplish different tasks. We leverage the first server to store the encrypted data and perform query operations, and use the second one to rerandomize the contents and shuffle the locations of the queried records. Before queries, we generate the trapdoors by using different random numbers. After queries, we ask the second server to rerandomize the contents of the records that the first server touched. In addition, we shuffle the physical locations of original records by inserting some fake records. In this way, all contents and physical locations of the touched records change, so that the first server cannot distinguish whether two queries are the same or not. To enhance the efficiency on the user side, we further improve this system by moving some heavy workloads from the user to the cloud. The security analysis and the performance evaluation show that our work is secure and efficient.