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关键词： “教—学—评”一致性   初中英语   听说教学   教学设计   评价方式  

摘要： 介绍"教—学—评"一致性理念的提出及其应用现状。阐述"教—学—评"一致性理念的内涵与意义,即教师的教、学生的学、课堂评价三者有机结合。以人教版新目标初中《英语》八年级(上)Unit 6I’m going to study computer science Section A 1a—2c为例,探索如何基于"教—学—评"一致性理念设计听说教学。提出合理制订学习目标,保障"教—学—评"一致性;优化设计评价方式,助力"教—学—评"一致性;听说有效组织教学活动,促进"教—学—评"一致性等策略。从学习目标是否精准可评、评价任务是否契合目标、教学活动是否匹配评价三个方面进行反思与展望。

关键词： Real-time systems   Malware   Security   Electronic mail   Computer science   Data mining   Semantics   Advanced persistent threat   hosted-based security   real-time detection  

摘要： Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks have caused serious security threats and financial losses worldwide. Various real-time detection mechanisms that combine context information and provenance graphs have been proposed to defend against APT attacks. However, existing real-time APT detection mechanisms suffer from accuracy and efficiency issues due to inaccurate detection models and the growing size of provenance graphs. To address the accuracy issue, we propose a novel and accurate APT detection model that removes unnecessary phases and focuses on the remaining ones with improved definitions. To address the efficiency issue, we propose a state-based framework in which events are consumed as streams and each entity is represented in an FSA-like structure without storing historic data. Additionally, we reconstruct attack scenarios by storing just one in a thousand events in a database. Finally, we implement our design, called Conan, on Windows and conduct comprehensive experiments under real-world scenarios to show that Conan can accurately and efficiently detect all attacks within our evaluation. The memory usage and CPU efficiency of Conan remain constant over time (1-10 MB of memory and hundreds of times faster than data generation), making Conan a practical design for detecting both known and unknown APT attacks in real-world scenarios.

关键词： Diagnostics   prognostics of an assembly-line worker   Worker’ comfortable work duration   Machine learning  

摘要： Worker’ work-rotation between the workstations of an assembly line is a common task to an assembly line manager, to manage the workload between the assembly line workers. Usually, worker work rotation makes an interruption to a continuous production system. It is a desire of an assembly line manager to avoid the worker’s work-rotation, at least between the work breaks. This work aims to protect the manager’s interest by predicting the comfortable work-duration time of an assembly line worker for a given work, based on the working condition and the instantaneous physical & mental status of the worker. The comfortable work-duration time can be used during the worker’s work assignment to reduce interruptions. Factors, which influence the longevity of workers’ comfortable work duration time are identified. IIoT based sensors are proposed here to monitor the relevant factors for diagnostics. Machine Learning techniques are used as a part of prognostics to predict the comfortable work-duration time of a worker, based on his/her physical & mental status. Implementation methodology is explained along with a simulated experiment.

关键词： 高中   信息技术教学   计算机科学  

摘要： 随着时代的飞速发展,信息技术成为时代进步绕不开的话题,在进行高中信息技术教学中渗透计算机科学史的教育时,需要培养学生的学科意识,树立学科精神,提高学科素养﹐为计算机信息技术的长远发展奠定基础。文章针对目前高中阶段的信息技术教学现状进行分析、探究,提出了相关策略,希望以促进计算机科学在高中信息技术教学中的渗透,提高教学效率,促进我国信息技术的长远发展。

关键词： Computer product carbon footprint   computer life cycle assessment   computer science   computer human computer interaction   sustainable information technology  

摘要： End user computing generates 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions therefore contributing to environmental pollution, global warming and ultimately climate change. Research indicates the carbon footprint is predominantly produced by production and use-phase electricity consumption. As such, new international legislation exists to ensure businesses include sustainability criteria when assessing and purchasing computers. Such criteria must include valid science based evidence that the selected devices, contribute to greenhouse gas abatement and net-zero emissions strategies based upon exhibiting a low life cycle carbon footprint. As such, it is reasonable to suggest that sufficient carbon footprint information must be publicly available to enable the selection process to be meaningful. The rationale being that if information is limited or misleading, then accurate identification and comparison between computers cannot be assured. Consequently, the research objective is to quantify availability of end user computing carbon footprint information, examine data uniformity and validity and propose a solution to overcome identified issues. To enable this, asset profiling of 71,990 end user computing devices located at six organisations is undertaken to generate an unbiased data pool representing popular devices used by organisations subject to the new procurement rules. Carbon footprint reports are sought for each unique model identified to examine both scope 2 use-phase emissions and scope 3 supply chain manufacturing emissions data. The findings substantiate that 22% of the 707 unique end user computer models identified have associated published information. The predominant limitation being that only six of the forty-two computer brands identified participate in product carbon footprint reporting. Additionally, methods used to form and present the carbon footprint data are incongruent for both emissions sources. Scope 3 is affected by a feasible range of emissions methodo

关键词： 项目教学法   中学   计算机基础教学  

摘要： 为顺应教学改革工作的要求,中学计算机教师要积极对基于项目的学习模式进行分析和应用,确保学生可以在基于项目的计算机基础学习中更好地掌握计算机知识,发挥学生在计算机基础课程学习中的主观能动性。基于项目的学习在中学计算机基础教学中的应用,能够在一定程度上提高教学工作水平,以及较好地培养学生的学习能力,有助于学生未来的发展。

关键词： Training   Linear programming   Silicon   Manifolds   Optimization   Noise measurement   Computer science   Adaptive graph   graph construction   high-dimensional data   semisupervised classification (SSC)   subspace learning  

摘要： Graph-based methods have achieved impressive performance on semisupervised classification (SSC). Traditional graph-based methods have two main drawbacks. First, the graph is predefined before training a classifier, which does not leverage the interactions between the classifier training and similarity matrix learning. Second, when handling high-dimensional data with noisy or redundant features, the graph constructed in the original input space is actually unsuitable and may lead to poor performance. In this article, we propose an SSC method with novel graph construction (SSC-NGC), in which the similarity matrix is optimized in both label space and an additional subspace to get a better and more robust result than in original data space. Furthermore, to obtain a high-quality subspace, we learn the projection matrix of the additional subspace by preserving the local and global structure of the data. Finally, we intergrade the classifier training, the graph construction, and the subspace learning into a unified framework. With this framework, the classifier parameters, similarity matrix, and projection matrix of subspace are adaptively learned in an iterative scheme to obtain an optimal joint result. We conduct extensive comparative experiments against state-of-the-art methods over multiple real-world data sets. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Bibliometrics   Scientific authorship   Authors order   Scholarly publication  

摘要： The order in which authors of a scientific paper place their names on the byline follows in many research fields some implicit rules. In most fields, the first author is considered to be the one who contributed most to the intellectual effort described in the paper. Additionally, the last author is normally the most senior researcher and in many situations the contribution to the paper is more indirect. In this manuscript, we intend to analyse the evolution of the positions of computer science (CS) researchers on the bylines of scientific papers throughout their careers. In particular, this bibliometic study considers the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Fellows (the most prestigious members) that present a long and rich publication record. Our hypothesis is that young CS authors tend to have their names placed in the first positions of the bylines, while senior CS researchers are often considered as last authors. Several statistical analyses were conducted by using biblometric data collected from ACM Fellows and other CS researchers. Overall, the obtained results do confirm our initial hypothesis.

关键词： Ethnic minority   Stress   Eating behavior   Theory development   Binge eating  

摘要： Background: Leading eating disorder (ED) theories were informed primarily by samples of White females. Therefore, ED theories lack consideration of sociocultural factors that may impact ED symptom development among Black women. The current study proposed the first culturally informed theory for disordered eating among Black women, positing that ethnic discrimination, strong black woman (SBW) ideology (cultural and societal expectations of strength), and culturally informed appearance satisfaction may significantly impact stress. Stress may be associated with coping-motivated eating behaviors, which may lead to maladaptive weight control behaviors. Methods: Black women (N = 208) completed surveys assessing socio-cultural factors, stress, commensal and binge eating, and maladaptive weight control behaviors. Path analysis was used to test the proposed theory. Results: The final model had a good fit for the data. Findings overall supported the hypothesized model. Specifically, higher ethnic discrimination (beta = 0.044, p = .003), greater endorsement of SBW ideology (beta = 0.074, p =< .001), and lower culturally informed appearance satisfaction (beta =-0.032, p = .025) were associated with greater stress. Stress was positively associated with binge eating (beta = 0.457, p = .046), and binge eating was significantly associated with excessive exercise (=0.152, p = .008) and purging (beta = 0.273, p = <.001). In contrast, commensal eating was not associated with stress or weight control behaviors (p values = .697 to .749). Conclusions: The current study found that stress, as influenced by sociocultural factors, may play a role in binge eating, and subsequently, weight control behaviors among Black women. This theory is a starting point for future research on the specialized conceptualization of eating and maladaptive weight control behaviors among Black women.

关键词： Kernel   Quantum computing   Interference   Frequency measurement   Computer science   Quantum mechanics   Entropy   Discrete-time quantum walk (DTQW)   graph classification   graph kernel   R-convolution kernel  

摘要： In this article, a novel R-convolution kernel, named the fast quantum walk kernel (FQWK), is proposed for unattributed graphs. In FQWK, the similarity of the neighborhood-pair substructure between two nodes is measured via the superposition amplitude of quantum walks between those nodes. The quantum interference in this kind of local substructures provides more information on the substructures so that FQWK can capture finer-grained local structural features of graphs. In addition, to efficiently compute the transition amplitudes of multistep discrete-time quantum walks, a fast recursive method is designed. Thus, compared with all the existing kernels based on the quantum walk, FQWK has the highest computation speed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FQWK outperforms state-of-the-art graph kernels in terms of classification accuracy for unattributed graphs. Meanwhile, it can be applied to distinguish a larger family of graphs, including cospectral graphs, regular graphs, and even strong regular graphs, which are not distinguishable by classical walk-based methods.